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Bamboo is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional materials in mechanical engineering such as steel or aluminium. Bamboo is the fastest growing plant in the world. Instead of releasing CO2 during the manufacturing process, bamboo absorbs CO2 as it grows.
In addition to the sustainability aspect, bamboo tubes also offer excellent properties as a lightweight construction material, which have been optimised through evolution. Bamboo tubes have high strength and stiffness at low weight when used as tension-compression bars or bending beams. Bamboo has strong, high-density fibres at the boundary area, where bending stresses are greatest. Towards the inside, where the stresses are lower, the bamboo becomes porous to optimise weight. This, together with knots arranged in regular intervals, counteracts buckling.
In mobile applications such as cars and bicycles, lightweight construction is sought for energy efficiency reasons. Because of its excellent lightweight properties, the project investigated whether bamboo could be used in mobile, automotive or agricultural engineering. For example, a bamboo bicycle frame has been developed with the aim to be as light as possible. There are bamboo bicycles on the market, but they can only be made one at a time by hand. The bamboo tubes are joined together and functional elements such as the bottom bracket and headset are integrated by wrapping them in resin-impregnated natural or carbon fibres. This makes the joints very heavy. A different approach is taken here: the bamboo tubes are drilled out slightly to achieve a defined internal diameter, and then short aluminium tubes are glued into the bamboo canes from the inside. To prevent the cane from breaking in the circumferential direction, i.e. perpendicular to the fibre direction, the bamboo tubes are wrapped in a thin layer of natural or carbon fibre impregnated with synthetic resin. The aluminium tubes and functional elements are welded or soldered together beforehand.
The design of the bicycle frame, i.e. the dimensioning of the bamboo tubes and joints, was based on extensive bending and tensile tests to determine the strength properties of the natural material bamboo. The bonding between the bamboo cane and the aluminium tube was also investigated experimentally. Finally, several prototype bicycle frames were made and tested for durability according to DIN-EN-14764. The frames passed the tests.
The result is a bamboo bicycle that is manufactured with standardised connectors and joints. The assembly concept developed allows both fully automated and semi-automated series production of bamboo bicycles.
Hintergrund und Zielsetzung:
Instrumentalistinnen und Instrumentalisten sind beim Spielen erheblichen psychischen und Instrument-spezifischen körperlichen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Häufig kommt es dabei zu Überlastungen des neuromuskuloskelettalen Systems, insbesondere der oberen Extremität. Welchen Beitrag kann eine musikerspezifische Physiotherapie zum Management von körperlichen spielbedingten Beschwerden leisten?
Methodik:
Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche zu Art und Prävalenz neuromuskuloskelettaler Beschwerden der oberen Extremität bei Instrumentalist/innen durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden retrospektiv Patient/innen-Akten aus einer physiotherapeutischen Musiker/innen-Sprechstunde gesichtet, um das Vorgehen bei der Untersuchung und Behandlung spielbedingter Beschwerden zu beschreiben.
Ergebnisse:
Studien berichten von einer Prävalenz spielbedingter neuromuskuloskelettaler Beschwerden der oberen Extremität bei Instrumentalist/innen von 47-52,8%. Häufige Ursachen sind Überlastungssyndrome durch wiederkehrende Belastung derselben anatomischen Strukturen, Hypo- oder Hypermobilität sowie (periphere) Neuropathien. Bei der physiotherapeutischen Anamnese bei Instrumentalist/innen spielen sowohl Beschwerde-bezogene Fragen als auch spezifische Fragen zum Instrument, zur Spielerfahrung und zum Übeverhalten eine wichtige Rolle. Insbesondere die funktionelle Demonstration der beschwerdeauslösenden Bewegung und die Haltungs-/Bewegungsanalyse am Instrument geben wichtige Hinweise für das weitere Vorgehen in der physiotherapeutischen Diagnostik und Behandlung. Die klinische Untersuchung kann durch eine apparative Untersuchung z.B. der Muskelaktivität und von Bewegungsabläufen ergänzt werden. Die physiotherapeutischen Behandlungsansätze beinhalten Manuelle Therapie, (Instrument-)spezifische therapeutische Übungen, Haltungs-/Bewegungsschulung am Instrument, neurodynamische Techniken und Patient/innen-Edukation sowie ergonomische Anpassungen des Instruments.
Schlussfolgerung:
Eine musikerspezifische physiotherapeutische Versorgung kann einen entscheidenden Beitrag zum multidisziplinären Management spielbedingter neuromuskuloskelettaler Beschwerden der oberen Extremität bei Instrumentalist/innen leisten.
Das Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit ist es, anhand der Oper „Die Wahrheitsschwestern“ von Giordano Bruno do Nascimento zu untersuchen, ob und wie nah das Musiktheater am Puls der Zeit sein kann und sich mit aktuellen Themen in Politik und Gesellschaft befasst. Obwohl durchaus im Ansatz erkennbar, bleiben die Reichweite und die Aufführungsmöglichkeiten von Opern dieser Art als schwankender Faktor. Durch einen Überblick zur Oper im Kontext von Gesellschaft und Politik, der Erläuterung der Fake News Thematik und der sich anschließenden Analyse des Librettos, der Opernpartitur, der Inszenierung und der Rezeption wird die Thematik erläutert.
Selenium and iodine are essential micronutrients for humans. They are often deficient in food supply due to low phytoavailable concentrations in soil. Agronomic biofortification of food
crops is one approach to overcome micronutrient malnutrition. This study focused on a pre-launch exploration of German consumers’ willingness to purchase selenium- and/or iodine-biofortified apples. For this purpose, an online survey was carried out. In this context, consumers were asked to choose their most preferred apple product from a set card of product alternatives in a discrete choice experiment (DCE). The multinomial logit model results demonstrated that German consumers’ have a particular preference for iodine-biofortified apples. Furthermore, apple choice was mainly influenced by price, health claims, and plastic-free packaging material. Viewed individually, selenium did not exert an effect on product choice whereas positive interactions between both micronutrients exist.
Notable parts of the population in Europe suffer from allergies towards apples. To address this health problem, the analysis of the interactions of relevant allergens with other substances such as phenolic compounds is of particular importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the total phenolic content (TPC), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, antioxidant activity (AOA), and the phenolic compound profile and the content of the allergenic protein Mal d 1 in six apple cultivars. It was found that the PPO activity and the content of individual phenolic compounds had an influence on the Mal d 1 content. With regard to the important constituents, flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids, it was found that apples with a higher content of chlorogenic acid and a low content of procyanidin trimers and/or epicatechin had a lower allergenic potential. This is probably based on the reaction of phenolic compounds (when oxidized by the endogenous PPO) with proteins, thus being able to change the conformation of the (allergenic) proteins, which further corresponds to a loss of antibody recognition. When apples were additionally biofortified with selenium, the composition of the apples, with regard to TPC, phenolic profile, AOA, and PPO, was significantly affected. Consequently, this innovative agronomic practice seems to be promising for reducing the allergenic potential of apples.