Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Conference Proceeding (482) (remove)
Keywords
- Nachhaltigkeit (8)
- Solarthermie (6)
- physiotherapy (5)
- Landscape Planning (3)
- LiDAR (3)
- Nutritional Footprint (3)
- performing artists (3)
- Agile Lehre (2)
- Autarkie (2)
- Baumpflege (2)
- Bodenverdichtung (2)
- Climate Resilience (2)
- Container (2)
- Dendrologie (2)
- Energie (2)
- Ernährungsbildung (2)
- Gazebo (2)
- Green Fingers (2)
- Grünflächenmanagement (2)
- Hauswirtschaft (2)
- Inverted Classroom (2)
- Landscape Design (2)
- Lebensmittelspenden (2)
- Mapping (2)
- Mobility (2)
- Nachhaltige Lebensmittel (2)
- Physiotherapie (2)
- Power Consumption (2)
- Quality Management (2)
- Robot operating system (ROS) (2)
- Scrum (2)
- Simulation (2)
- Simulation and Modeling (2)
- Spenden (2)
- Tafel (2)
- biogas (2)
- biomechanics (2)
- clinical examination (2)
- consumption (2)
- electromyography (2)
- eye-tracking (2)
- funktionelle Stimmstörung (2)
- lab on a chip (2)
- mobile field laboratory (2)
- muscle activity (2)
- muscle fatigue (2)
- musculoskeletal (2)
- soil nutrients analysis (2)
- soil sampling (2)
- soil2data (2)
- sustainability (2)
- 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol (1)
- AI compliance (1)
- AVB/TSN (1)
- Abflussvorhersage (1)
- Ableitung von Bodenkarten (1)
- Academización (1)
- Ackernutzungspotential (1)
- Agile Didaktik (1)
- Agiles Lernen (1)
- Agri-Food Chain (1)
- Agricultural Automation (1)
- Agricultural streering system (1)
- Agriculture (1)
- Analytik (1)
- Animal health (1)
- Animal welfare (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Auendynamisierung (1)
- Auenrenaturierung (1)
- Auf- und Einbringen von Materialien (1)
- Augmented Reality (1)
- Augmented data (1)
- Augmented-Reality-Headsets (1)
- BPMN (1)
- Baubetrieb (1)
- Bauleitplanung (1)
- Baumaßnahmen (1)
- Bayesian Optimization (1)
- Betrieb (1)
- Blended Learning (1)
- Boden in der Bauleitplanung (1)
- Bodenbelastung (1)
- Bodenbelastungen im Wald (1)
- Bodendegradation (1)
- Bodenfunktionsbewertung (1)
- Bodenkundliche Basisinformationen (1)
- Bodenkundliche Baubegleitung (1)
- Bodenmanagement (1)
- Bodenmodellierung (1)
- Bodenmonitoring Schweiz (1)
- Bodennährstoffanalyse (1)
- Bodenschutz im Garten- und Landschaftsbau (1)
- Bodenschäden im Wald (1)
- Business Process Modeling (1)
- Business Simulation (1)
- C-Sequestration (1)
- CEO (1)
- CEO-CIO relationship (1)
- CH4 (1)
- CO2 (1)
- Clinical education, problem-based learning, quality of education (1)
- Co-Creativity (1)
- Communities of Practice (1)
- Computer-Human Interaction (1)
- Credit rating agencies (CRAs) (1)
- Croatia (1)
- DIN 18915 (1)
- DMN (1)
- DTNs (1)
- Dance (1)
- Dauerbeobachtungsflächen (1)
- Decision support application (1)
- Design Principles (1)
- Diasporic Identity (1)
- Dietary Patterns (1)
- DiffServ (1)
- Digital (1)
- Digitale Bodeninformation (1)
- Digitale Bodenkarte (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Digitalisierung Bodenbeprobung (1)
- Discharge management (1)
- Distributed Energy Management, Smart Grid, Privacy, Communication Performance, Robustness (1)
- Diversity Climate (1)
- Diversity Competence (1)
- Diversity Potentials (1)
- Dynamic Adaptation (1)
- Dynamic Process Adaption (1)
- EDCA (1)
- EFFoST (1)
- EMG (1)
- EU-Regulation (1)
- Ecological Engineering (1)
- Education, health informatics, digital learning, case studies, curriculum (1)
- Einmischungszone (1)
- Electromyography (1)
- Elternfragebogen (1)
- Embedded Software Engineering (1)
- Embedded Systems (1)
- En Route (1)
- Energiekonzept (1)
- Energy Bug (1)
- Energy Efficiency (1)
- Erfassung der Quellkonzentration (1)
- Erfolg (1)
- Ernährungsberatung (1)
- Ernährungsforum (1)
- Ernährungssysteme (1)
- Erosionsminderung (1)
- Ersatzbaustoff-Verordnung (1)
- Erstbegrünung (1)
- Ethernet (1)
- Ethical AI (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Fahrerassistenzsysteme (1)
- Fahrspur (1)
- Ferkel (1)
- Fernerkundung (1)
- Financial reporting (1)
- Flipped Classroom (1)
- Flächenentwicklung (1)
- Flächenmanagement (1)
- Food Choices (1)
- Food technology (1)
- Formación de matronas (1)
- Forst (1)
- Forstliche Dauerbeobachtungsflächen (1)
- Früherkennung von Sprachauffälligkeiten (1)
- Funktionstaugliches Bodenschutzkonzept (1)
- Future Skills (1)
- Gait Analysis (1)
- Ganzkörperschwingung (1)
- Gaze Analytics (1)
- Gefahrenbeurteilung (1)
- Gemeinschaftsverpflegung (1)
- Gemeinschaftverpflegung (1)
- German dairy sector (1)
- Germany (1)
- Gestaltungsempfehlungen (1)
- Gesundheitswesen (1)
- Getreideernte (1)
- Gewässerauen (1)
- Gewässerrenaturierung (1)
- Gewässerschutz (1)
- Green Deal (1)
- Gute fachliche Praxis (1)
- HTML (1)
- Hackschnitzel (1)
- Hand-Arm-Schwingung (1)
- Handwerkliche Herstellung (1)
- Health Informatics (1)
- Heuristic Theorizing (1)
- High-throughput screening (1)
- Higher Education (1)
- Hochschullehre (1)
- Hochwasserschutzkonzept (1)
- Hochwasserschöpfwerk (1)
- Hochwasserwarnung (1)
- Holzerntemaschinen (1)
- Hospital information system (1)
- Humanschwingung (1)
- Hybrid data (1)
- Hyperspektrale casi-Flugzeugscannerdaten (1)
- IEEE 802.1Q (1)
- IFRS (1)
- ISFET measurement technology (1)
- ISFET-sensor module (1)
- IT decision making (1)
- IT knowledge (1)
- Immigrants (1)
- In-Situ-Sensortechnik (1)
- Industry (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Innovationsmanagement (1)
- Instantiation (1)
- Instrumentalisten (1)
- Integrierter Hochwasserschutz (1)
- Intercultural Competence (1)
- Interdisciplinarity (1)
- Internet of Things (1)
- Interprofessionalism (1)
- Interview based (1)
- Interviews (1)
- Inverse Distance Weighting (1)
- Inverted Classroom Model (1)
- IoT (1)
- Key indicators (1)
- Kinematics Estimation (1)
- Klassifizierungssysteme (1)
- Klimagesund (1)
- Klimawandel (1)
- Klimazonen (1)
- Kommunale Planungspraxis (1)
- Kommunaler Hochwasserschutz (1)
- Kompetenzen des Verbrauchers (1)
- Kriging (1)
- Landkreis Osnabrück (1)
- Landmaschinenkommunikation (1)
- Landwirtschaft (1)
- Language Extension (1)
- Law (1)
- Leadership (1)
- Lebensmittel (1)
- Lebensmittel Handwerk (1)
- Lebensmitteleinteilung (1)
- Lebensmittelrecht (1)
- Lebensmittelrettung (1)
- Lebensmittelspende (1)
- Lebensmittelweitergabe (1)
- Lebensraumfunktion (1)
- Leistungsverzeichnis (1)
- Literaturanalyse (1)
- LoRaWAN (1)
- Luftbilder (1)
- Luftgetragene Bodenbelastungen (1)
- MARTE (1)
- Marker-less Skeleton Tracking (1)
- Matlab (1)
- Matronas (1)
- Mechanische Verdichtung (1)
- Menschen mit Demenz (1)
- Meta Modeling (1)
- Midwifery (1)
- Model-Driven Development (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Moor (1)
- Morphologischer Zustand von Flüssen (1)
- Motion analysis (1)
- Motorrad (1)
- Multi-Bodensensorsystem (1)
- Multimethod research design (1)
- Multimodal Data Analysis (1)
- Multispektrale Sensoren (1)
- Musculoskeletal health status (1)
- Musicians´ health (1)
- N-analysis plants (1)
- N2O (1)
- NAHGast (1)
- Nachhaltige Entwicklung (1)
- Nachhaltige Mahlzeiten (1)
- Nachhaltige Schulverpflegung (1)
- Nachhaltiges Landmanagement (1)
- Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung (1)
- Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement (1)
- Nah-Infrarot-Spektroskopie (1)
- Narrative Coherence (1)
- Narrative Music Video (1)
- National monitoring system (1)
- Natural Attenuation (1)
- Niedersaschsen (1)
- Nostalgic Narratives (1)
- Nutrition (1)
- Nutritional Behavior (1)
- Nutritional Patterns (1)
- Nutzerzentrierte Gestaltung (1)
- OMNeT++ (1)
- OSM (1)
- Online-Messung (1)
- Online-sensor (1)
- OppNets (1)
- Orthopaedic Technical Support (1)
- PRMD (1)
- Participation (1)
- People with dementia (1)
- Performing Artists (1)
- Performing artists (1)
- Personality (1)
- Pflanzen für die Bodenreinigung (1)
- Pflanzenbaulicher Bodenschutz (1)
- Pflanzenmodelle (1)
- Pflanzliche Ernährung (1)
- Physiotherapy (1)
- Phytoremediation (1)
- Polysun (1)
- Practices (1)
- Pregnancy Loss (1)
- Process Robustness Verification (1)
- Processed Food (1)
- Protein production (1)
- Prozessdaten (1)
- Prüfwert Pfad Boden – Grundwasser (1)
- Public Relations (1)
- QoS (1)
- Quelltermermittlung (1)
- Rasterdaten (1)
- Reality gap (1)
- Regeneration mit Schwarzerlen (1)
- Regenerativ (1)
- Rehabilitation, Person Tracking, Usability, Reliability (1)
- Reliable Communication (1)
- Remote Sensing (1)
- Requirements (1)
- Resilienz (1)
- Revitalisierung der Oberen Hunte (1)
- Risk factors (1)
- Rückegassen (1)
- SAP (1)
- SLT (1)
- SMEs (1)
- Sanierung (1)
- Sanierungszielwerte (1)
- Sau (1)
- Scene Perception (1)
- Schadstoffbelastete Böden (1)
- Schadstoffpfad Boden – Grundwasser (1)
- Schulverpflegung (1)
- Schwein (1)
- Schweiz (1)
- Seentherapie (1)
- Self-assessment (1)
- Sickerwasserprognose (1)
- Simulation und Test (1)
- Simulation-based Optimization (1)
- Smart Cities (1)
- Smart Glasse (1)
- Smart farming (1)
- Software Design Pattern (1)
- Soil pH variability (1)
- Solare Prozesswärme (1)
- Space (1)
- Speisenbewertung (1)
- Stall (1)
- Standardized protocol (1)
- Stay Abroad (1)
- Storytelling (1)
- Stroh (1)
- Students (1)
- Subjective examination (1)
- Suffizienzhandeln des Verbrauchers (1)
- Summer School (1)
- Synthetic data (1)
- Sänger (1)
- Sängerin (1)
- Südafrika (1)
- TAM (1)
- THG-Emission (1)
- Talent Management, Career Decisions, Gender, India, Germany (1)
- Talent Management, Gender, Neo-Institutionalism, Family-Relatedness of Work Decisions (1)
- Talent, Gender, Career, Neo-Institutionalism (1)
- Technischer Hochwasserschutz (1)
- Telecommunication networks (1)
- Theaterpädagogik (1)
- Theatre pedagogy (1)
- Tradition (1)
- Transdisciplinary Research (1)
- Transformative Resilience (1)
- Trocknung (1)
- Trophie in Gewässern (1)
- UML (1)
- Unreliable Communication Environments (1)
- Unternehmenssteuerung (1)
- Upscaling (1)
- Urbane Böden (1)
- Use cases (1)
- Variable liming strategies (1)
- Verarbeitete Lebensmittel (1)
- Verbraucher (1)
- Verbraucherschutz (1)
- Vergleich Detailkartierung digitale Bodenkarte (1)
- Vernässung (1)
- Vibration (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Waldboden (1)
- Walking (1)
- Web (1)
- Web-Components (1)
- Web-Engineering (1)
- Westsibirien (1)
- Wiederherstellung von Böden (1)
- Wifi (1)
- Workforce (1)
- Zeigerpflanzen (1)
- Zwischenbegrünung (1)
- agricultural vehicular network (1)
- agriculture (1)
- artisan food (1)
- automatisch generierte Düngeempfehlung (1)
- biodiversity (1)
- brand equity (1)
- brand valuation (1)
- capital markets (1)
- classification (1)
- collaboration (1)
- color image processing (1)
- concept mobile field laboratory (1)
- consumer behaviour (1)
- consumer perspectives (1)
- consumption behavior (1)
- consumption practices (1)
- cooperative busines models (1)
- corporate finance (1)
- covid crisis (1)
- craft business (1)
- crop-weed interaction (1)
- customer satisfaction (1)
- daily consumption (1)
- design (1)
- diet quality indices (1)
- dietary inflammatory index (1)
- digital competence (1)
- digital farming (1)
- diversity attitudes (1)
- drivers and barriers (1)
- e-learning concepts (1)
- economic growth (1)
- economic policy (1)
- event management (1)
- factor analysis (1)
- fertilization (1)
- field-lab (1)
- financial statements (1)
- food craft enterprise (1)
- food industry (1)
- functional voice disorders (1)
- gPTP (1)
- green hydrogen (1)
- grief (1)
- growing media (1)
- gut microbiome (1)
- hamstrings (1)
- healthy aging (1)
- high string musicians (1)
- high string players (1)
- histogram analysis (1)
- hydrogen (1)
- hysteresis (1)
- impairment test (1)
- ion-selective field effect transistors (ISFET) (1)
- kinematics (1)
- landscapes of higher education (1)
- language support (1)
- life consumption (1)
- linguistic and cultural diversity - LCD (1)
- manual therapy (1)
- marketing (1)
- migration (1)
- migration, diversity potentials, intercultural competence, human resource management (1)
- miscarriage (1)
- mobile Fieldlab soil2data (1)
- mobiles Feldlabor soil2data (1)
- motion capture (1)
- multicultural teamwork (1)
- muscle tension dysphonia (1)
- musicians (1)
- nitrogen immobilization (1)
- nutritional behavior (1)
- nutritional choices (1)
- obere Extremität (1)
- peat (1)
- peat substitutes (1)
- physical therapy (1)
- physiotherapeutical (1)
- phytotoxicity (1)
- potted or-namental plants (1)
- preventive home visit (1)
- prioritization (1)
- product development (1)
- professional voice user (1)
- quality of service (QoS) (1)
- rBPMN (1)
- ratings (1)
- regulation (1)
- remote experiments (1)
- rheology (1)
- scarcity (1)
- sensors in teaching (1)
- singer (1)
- singers (1)
- smart city; monitoring; plausibility; traffic data; time series; spatio-temporal; reasoning (1)
- soccer (1)
- social innovation (1)
- social media (1)
- soil nutrient analysis (1)
- soil preparation for analysis (1)
- soil sensor (1)
- spatial resoning, distance algorithm, IoT, (1)
- spielbedingte Beschwerden (1)
- starch detection apples (1)
- straw (1)
- sufficiency (1)
- sustainable consumption behavior (1)
- time synchronization (1)
- tsn (1)
- upper body motion (1)
- visual attention (1)
- visual merchandising (1)
- wall slippage (1)
- water retention (1)
- well-being (1)
- winter triticale (1)
- wlan (1)
- wood fiber (1)
- yield parameters (1)
- Ökologie (1)
- Ökologische Testsysteme (1)
- Ökologischer Zustand (1)
Institute
- Fakultät AuL (222)
- Fakultät WiSo (170)
- Fakultät IuI (58)
- Institut für Duale Studiengänge (13)
- Institut für Management und Technik (13)
- Institut für Kommunikationsmanagement (2)
- Fakultät MKT (1)
- Institut für Musik (1)
- Sonstige Einrichtungen (1)
Die Vernetzung der Mobilitäts- und Versorgungskonzepte für Kernstädte und deren Umland kann mit Crowd Sourcing-Plattformen unterstützt werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Forschung und stellt die Anforderungen an eine Crowd Sourcing-Plattform zur Ko-Produktion integrierter multimodaler Mobilitäts- und Versorgungsdienste dar. Hierzu werden die Ergebnisse einer Anforderungsanalyse auf der Basis von 11 Workshops und 4 Experteninterviews im Zeitraum von Mai 2014 bis Sept. 2017 mit 60 Partnern vorgestellt. Der Beitrag veranschaulicht zudem ein Konzept für die Ko-Produktion integrierter multimodaler Mobilitäts- und Versorgungsdienste. Aus den Ergebnissen wird schließlich eine Forschungsagenda abgeleitet. Die konsolidierten Anforderungen können als Grundlage für die Erstellung von Pflichtenheften für Crowd Sourcing-Plattformen genutzt werden.
Das Informationsmanagement steht im Zentrum erfolgreicher eHealth-Innovationsprozesse von Krankenhäusern. Im Kontext komplexer, zum Teil tradierter Krankenhausstrukturen kann die Gestaltungsfähigkeit des Informationsmanagements durch eine ausgeprägte Intrapreneurship-Kultur erhöht werden, wovon vermutlich auch der Digitalisierungsgrad der Einrichtungen profitiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund verfolgte die vorliegende Studie zwei Forschungsfragen: (1.) Welche Effekte hat Intrapreneurship auf den Digitalisierungsgrad der Krankenhäuser und (2.) inwiefern werden diese Effekte durch das Informationsmanagement beeinflusst? Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wurde ein konzeptionelles Untersuchungsmodell entwickelt, welches mit Daten von 224 IT-Leitern evaluiert wurde. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass Intrapreneurship die Umsetzung von eHealth-Anwendungen positiv beeinflussen kann. Die identifizierten Effekte waren jedoch vorwiegend indirekter Art, vermittelt durch den Professionalisierungsgrad des Informationsmanagements. So kann Intrapreneurship auf IT-Leiter-Ebene und auf Ebene der Gesamtorganisation zu einer Professionalisierung des strategischen Informationsmanagements führen. Auf Ebene der IT-Abteilung profitiert vor allem das operative Informationsmanagement von einer ausgeprägten Intrapreneurship-Kultur.
Die Verbreitung von Informationstechnologien (IT) im Gesundheitswesen sowie deren Einflussgrößen sind Betrachtungsobjekt der Adoptions- und Diffusionsforschung. Neues Wissen aus diesen Studien wird dabei häufig als summative Umfrageergebnisse disseminiert. Mit dem in diesem Beitrag vorgestellten Web-Portal werden die individuellen Umfrageergebnisse im Vergleich zu einer Referenzgruppe präsentiert. Das erfolgt in flexibler Form unter Verwendung von reliablen und validen Kennzahlen der IT-Prozessunterstützung, die in einer hierarchischen Struktur angeordnet sind. Es werden die Entwicklung des Web-Portals als Benchmarking Instrument, seine Anwendung und eine initiale Evaluation vorgestellt. Es zeigte sich, dass das Web-Portal anhand aktueller Benchmarking-Ergebnisse von 197 Krankenhäusern einsetzbar ist, seine Anwendung als nützlich und die Indikatoren als verständlich eingeschätzt werden.
Despite the wealth of literature on requirements engineering, little is known about engineering very generic, innovative and emerging requirements, such as those for cross-sectional information chains. The IKM health project aims at building information chain reference models for the care of patients with chronic wounds, cancer-related pain and back pain. Our question therefore was how to appropriately capture information and process requirements that are both generally applicable and practically useful. To this end, we started with recommendations from clinical guidelines and put them up for discussion in Delphi surveys and expert interviews. Despite the heterogeneity we encountered in all three methods, it was possible to obtain requirements suitable for building reference models. We evaluated three modelling languages and then chose to write the models in UML (class and activity diagrams). On the basis of the current project results, the pros and cons of our approach are discussed.
Requirements Engineering für Referenzmodelle mittels eines multimethodischen Vorgehensmodells
(2012)
Obwohl es zahlreiche Arbeiten zum Requirements Engineering im Allgemeinen gibt, ist über die Ermittlung generischer und innovativer Anforderungen, wie sie in intersektoralen Informations-ketten eine Rolle spielen, wenig bekannt. Das Projekt IKM health zielt auf die Entwicklung von Referenzmodellen für Informationsketten zur Patientenversorgung ab. Forschungsfrage dieser Studie war, wie Informations- und Prozessanforderungen generiert werden können. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde mit der Analyse von Leitlinien begonnen, deren Empfehlungen anschließend im Rahmen von Delphi-Befragungen und Experteninterviews zur Diskussion gestellt wurden. Trotz der sich zeigenden Heterogenität war es mit Hilfe des hier vorgestellten multimethodischen Vorgehensmodells möglich, passende Anforderungen zu erzielen und in UML zu modellieren.
Bei der Umsetzung der digitalen Transformation bewegt sich das ITManagement in Krankenhäusern in einem Spannungsfeld aus historischkulturellen Vorbedingungen und den besonderen Herausforderungen wissensintensiver Expertenorganisation. Um zu untersuchen, wie professionell das ITManagement vor diesem Hintergrund ist, wurde in der vorliegenden Studie der Professionalisierungsgrad des IT-Managements als Beschreibungsgröße vorgeschlagen. Darüber hinaus wurden Ausprägungen der IT-Governance und des IT-Entrepreneurships als mögliche Determinanten des Professionalisierungsgrades konzeptionalisiert. Ein entsprechend aufgestelltes, hypothesengeleitetes Untersuchungsmodell wurde anhand der Daten von 164 CIOs deutscher Krankenhäuser überprüft. Die Ergebnisse der Studie deuten auf Professionalisierungspotenziale des IT-Managements im strategischen und evaluierenden Bereich hin. Etablierte Kommunikationskanäle zwischen CIO und Krankenhausleitung sowie eine ausgewiesene IT-Budgetverantwortungen wirkten sich positiv auf den Professionalisierungsgrad aus. Zudem Das agierte das ITManagement umso professioneller, je stärker der IT-Entrepreneurship auf organisatorischer und individueller Ebene ausgeprägt war. Die Ergebnisse können den theoretischen Erkenntnisstand über die Wirkungsweise von IT-Governance und IT-Entrepreneurship erweitern und auf ähnliche, wissensintensive Expertenorganisationen übertragen werden.
Continuity of care is a concept that is defined as the uninterrupted and coordinated care provided to a patient and that includes an informational dimension which describes the information exchange between the parties involved. In nursing, the nursing summary is the main instrument to ensure informational continuity of care. The aim of this paper is to present an HL7 Clinical Document Architecture based document standard for the eNursing Summary and to discuss the need for harmonizing these results at international level. The eNursing Summary proposed in this paper was developed on the basis of several internationally accepted concepts, primarily the nursing process, the ISO 18104 Reference Terminology Model for Nursing and various data sets. The standardisation process embraced several phases of involving nursing experts for validating its structure and content. It was finally evaluated by a network of 100 healthcare organizations. We argue that the eNursing Summary is a good starting point for standardising nursing discharge and transfer documents on a global level. However, further work is needed to bring together the different national and international strands in standardisation.
Characteristics of German Hospitals Adopting Health IT Systems : Results from an Empirical Study
(2011)
Hospital characteristics that facilitate IT adoption have been described by the literature extensively, however with controversial results. The aim of this study therefore is to draw a set of the most important variables from previous studies and include them in a combined analysis for testing their contribution as single factors and their interactions. Total number of IT systems installed and number of clinical IT systems in the hospital were used as criterion variables. Data from a national survey of German hospitals served as basis. Based on a stepwise multiple regression analysis four variables were identified to significantly explain the degree of IT adoption (60% explained variance): 1) hospital size, 2) IT department, 3) reference customer and 4) ownership (private vs. public). Our results replicate previous findings with regard to hospital size and ownership. In addition our study emphasizes the importance of a reliable internal structure for IT projects (existence of an IT department) and the culture of testing and installing most recent IT products (being a reference customer). None of the interactions between factors was significant.
The article describes an analysis of the use of e-learning to improve the learning transfer to practice in continuing education. Therefore an e-learning offer has been developed as a part between two attendance periods of a training course in the field of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL). All participants of the course were free to use the e-learning offer. After the end of the e-learning part we compared the e-learning users to the other participants. Using an online questionnaire we explored if there are differences in the activities in the field AAL after the training course. The results show that e-learning is beneficial especially for communication processes. Due to the fact that the possibility to talk about the learning content is an essential factor for the learning transfer, e-learning can improve the learning success.
Due to the emerging evidence of health IT as opportunity and risk for clinical workflows, health IT must undergo a continuous measurement of its efficacy and efficiency. IT-benchmarks are a proven means for providing this information. The aim of this study was to enhance the methodology of an existing benchmarking procedure by including, in particular, new indicators of clinical workflows and by proposing new types of visualisation. Drawing on the concept of information logistics, we propose four workflow descriptors that were applied to four clinical processes. General and specific indicators were derived from these descriptors and processes. 199 chief information officers (CIOs) took part in the benchmarking. These hospitals were assigned to reference groups of a similar size and ownership from a total of 259 hospitals. Stepwise and comprehensive feedback was given to the CIOs. Most participants who evaluated the benchmark rated the procedure as very good, good, or rather good (98.4%). Benchmark information was used by CIOs for getting a general overview, advancing IT, preparing negotiations with board members, and arguing for a new IT project.
Handovers need a common ground on the clinical cases between the members of the successive shifts to establish continuity of care. Conventional electronic patient record systems (EHR) proved to be only insufficiently suitable for supporting the grounding process. Against this background we proposed a basic concept for a handover EHR that extends general EHRs in particular openEHR based systems. The resulting handover information model was implemented in a database and evaluated based on 120 clinical cases. The information items of these cases could be mapped successfully to the model, however, the new class “anticipatory guidance” needed to be introduced. The evaluation also demonstrated the importance of highly aggregated information on the clinical case, opinions and meta-information such as the relevance of an item during handovers. Based on these findings, in particular the handover database, handover EHR applications are currently developed to support the grounding process.
Restricted Versus Unrestricted Search Space : Experience from Mining a Large Japanese Database
(2015)
The aim of this study was to investigate whether standard Big Data mining methods lead to clinically useful results. An association analysis was performed using the apriori algorithm to discover associations among co-morbidities of diabetes patients. Selected data were further analyzed by using k-means clustering with age, long-term blood sugar and cholesterol values. The association analysis led to a multitude of trivial rules. Cluster analysis detected clusters of well and badly managed diabetes patients both belonging to different age groups. The study suggests the usage of cluster analysis on a restricted space to come to meaningful results.
Although national eHealth strategies have existed now for more than a decade in many countries, they have been implemented with varying success. In Germany, the eHealth strategy so far has resulted in a roll out of electronic health cards for all citizens in the statutory health insurance, but in no clinically meaningful IT-applications. The aim of this study was to test the technical and organisation feasibility, usability, and utility of an eDischarge application embedded into a laboratory Health Telematics Infrastructure (TI). The tests embraced the exchange of eDischarge summaries based on the multiprofessional HL7 eNursing Summary standard between a municipal hospital and a nursing home. All in all, 36 transmissions of electronic discharge documents took place. They demonstrated the technical-organisation feasibility and resulted in moderate usability ratings. A comparison between eDischarge and paper-based summaries hinted at higher ratings of utility and information completeness for eDischarges. Despite problems with handling the electronic health card, the proof-of-concept for the first clinically meaningful IT-application in the German Health TI could be regarded as successful.
Innovations are typically characterised by their relative newness for the user. In order for new eHealth applications to be accepted as innovations more criteria were proposed including “use” and “usability”. The handoverEHR is a new approach that allows the user to translate the essentials of a clinical case into a graphical representation, the so-called cognitive map of the patient. This study aimed at testing the software usability. A convenience sample of 23 experienced nurses from different healthcare organisations across the country rated the usability of the handoverEHR after performing typical handover tasks. All usability scales of the IsoMetricsL questionnaire showed positive values (4 “I agree”) with the exception of “error tolerance” (3 “neutral statement”). A significant improvement was found in self-descriptiveness as compared to an initial usability testing prior to this study. Different subgroups of users tended to rate the usability of the system differently. This study demonstrated the benefits of formative evaluations in terms of improving the usability of an entirely new approach. It thus helps to transform a novel piece of software towards becoming a real innovation. Our findings also hint at the importance of user characteristics that could affect the usability ratings.
Informatics competencies of the health care workforce must meet the requirements of inter-professional process and outcome oriented provision of care. In order to help nursing education transform accordingly, the TIGER Initiative deployed an international survey, with participation from 21 countries, to evaluate and prioritise a broad list of core competencies for nurses in five domains: 1) nursing management, 2) information technology (IT) management in nursing, 3) interprofessional coordination of care, 4) quality management, and 5) clinical nursing. Informatics core competencies were found highly important for all domains. In addition, this project compiled eight national cases studies from Austria, Finland, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand, the Philippines, Portugal, and Switzerland that reflected the country specific perspective. These findings will lead us to an international framework of informatics recommendations.
An Iterative Methodology for Developing National Recommendations for Nursing Informatics Curricula
(2016)
The increasing importance of IT in nursing requires educational measures to support its meaningful application. However, many countries do not yet have national recommendations for nursing informatics competencies. We thus developed an iterative triple methodology to yield validated and country specific recommendations for informatics core competencies in nursing. We identified relevant competencies from national sources (step 1), matched and enriched these with input from the international literature (step 2) and fed the resulting 24 core competencies into a survey (120 invited experts from which 87 responded) and two focus group sessions with a total of 48 experts (steps 3a/3b). The subsequent focus group sessions confirmed and expanded the findings. As a result, we were able to define role specific informatics core competencies for three countries.
This workshop will review the history of the TIGER initiative in order to set the framework for an understanding of international informatics competencies. We will include a description of clinical nursing informatics programs in 37 countries as well as the results of a recent survey of nursing competencies in order to further discussions of internationally agreed-upon competency definitions. These two surveys will provide the basis for developing a consensus regarding the integration of core competencies into informatics curriculum developments. Expected outcomes include building consensus on core competencies and developing plans toward implementing intra- and inter-professional informatics competencies across disciplines globally.
Hospital CIOs play a central role in the adoption of innovative health IT. Until now, it remained unclear which particular conditions constitute their capability to innovate in terms of intrapersonal as well as organisational factors. An inventory of 20 items was developed to capture these conditions and examined by analysing data obtained from 164 German hospital CIOs. Principal component analysis resulted in three internally consistent components that constitute large portions of the CIOs innovation capability: organisational innovation culture, entrepreneurship personality and openness towards users. Results were used to build composite indicators that allow further evaluations.
Health IT adoption research is rooted in Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation theory, which is based on longitudinal analyses. However, many studies in this field use cross-sectional designs. The aim of this study therefore was to design and implement a system to (i) consolidate survey data sets originating from different years (ii) integrate additional secondary data and (iii) query and statistically analyse these longitudinal data. Our system design comprises a 5-tier-architecture that embraces tiers for data capture, data representation, logics, presentation and integration. In order to historicize data properly and to separate data storage from data analytics a data vault schema was implemented. This approach allows the flexible integration of heterogeneous data sets and the selection of comparable items. Data analysis is prepared by compiling data in data marts and performed by R and related tools. IT Report Healthcare data from 2011, 2013 and 2017 could be loaded, analysed and combined with secondary longitudinal data.
Health IT and communication systems are indispensable in German hospitals for clinical as well as administrative process support. However, IT is often regarded as a “black box” for hospital CEOs. Thus, the question arises how can CEOs decide if they do not know what is in the box? In order to answer this question, half-structured interviews with 14 German hospital CEOs were conducted. They revealed three principle decision processes: the supported decision, the joint decision and the corporate level decision. In all cases, the hospital CEO and the CIO interacted to reach the final decision, most strongly in the joint decision mode and least strongly in the corporate decision mode. Only the joint decision mode definitely forced the CEO to open the “black box” of IT. In the era of digitalisation, however, CEOs must develop better competencies to decide over complex matters.
Patient handovers are cognitively demanding, crucial for information continuity and patient safety, but error prone. This study investigated the effect of an electronic handover tool, i.e. the handoverEHR, on the memory and care planning performance of nurse students (n=32) in a randomised, controlled cross-over design with the factors handover task and handover role. On a descriptive level, handover recipients could improve their memory performance with electronic support, handover givers their performance of writing care plans. Statistically meaningful differences occurred, however, only when the participants were givers. Without handover experience and with low fluency to word problems, givers performed badly in the most demanding of the handover tasks. Final recommendations, however, can only be made after replicating this study in a clinical setting with mixed groups.
CIOs' innovation capability is regarded as a precondition of successful HIT adoption in hospitals. Based on the data of 142 CIOs, this study aimed at identifying antecedents of perceived innovation capability. Eight features describing the status quo of the hospital IT management (e.g. use of IT governance frameworks), four features of the hospital structure (e.g. functional diversification) and four CIO characteristics (e.g. duration of employment) were tested as potential antecedents in an exploratory stepwise regression approach. Perceived innovation capability in its entirety and its three sub-dimensions served as criterion. The results show that CIOs' perceived innovation capability could be explained significantly (R2=0.34) and exclusively by facts that described the degree of formalism and structure of IT management in a hospital, e.g. intensive and formalised strategic communication, the existence of an IT strategy and the use of IT governance frameworks. Breaking down innovation capability into its constituents revealed that “innovative organisational culture” contributed to a large extent (R2=0.26) to the overall result sharing several predictors. In contrast, “intrapreneurial personality” (R2=0.11) and “openness towards users” (R2=0.18) could be predicted less well. These results hint at the relationship between working in a well-structured, formalised and strategy oriented environment and the overall feeling of being capable to promote IT innovation.
Current frameworks postulate the success of health IT innovations to be determined by the professionalism of the information management (PIM). Still, empirical knowledge about PIM is scarce up until today. This study seeks to answer three research questions: (1.) How can PIM be measured in a reliable and valid way, (2.) how pronounced is PIM in German hospitals and (3.) do hospital characteristics have an impact on the degree of PIM? Based on the results of an expert workshop and frameworks for information management (IM) items for a PIM inventory were developed and the inventory sent to 1349 chief information officers of German hospitals. A principle component analysis based on the responses of 196 hospitals confirmed the three components that had been proposed by the frameworks: the strategic, the tactical and the operational level. The full inventory implied satisfying reliability and allowed a PIM composite-score to be calculated. The PIM scores for strategic and tactical IM were found to be far lower than for operational IM which hints at strong deficits in these areas. A stepwise regression model indicated that the degree of PIM significantly increased with the size of the hospital, which had been expected and hints the validity of the PIM inventory. This tool offers potentials for hospitals to classify and improve their IM.
Going Mobile : An Empirical Model for Explaining Successful Information Logistics in Ward Rounds
(2018)
Background: Medical ward rounds are critical focal points of inpatient care that call for uniquely flexible solutions to provide clinical information at the bedside. While this fact is undoubted, adoption rates of mobile IT solutions remain rather low.
Objectives: Our goal was to investigate if and how mobile IT solutions influence successful information provision at the bedside, i.e. clinical information logistics, as well as to shed light at socio-organizational factors that facilitate adoption rates from a user-centered perspective.
Methods: Survey data were collected from 373 medical and nursing directors of German, Austrian and Swiss hospitals and analyzed using variance-based Structural Equation Modelling (SEM).
Results: The adoption of mobile IT solutions explains large portions of clinical information logistics and is in itself associated with an organizational culture of innovation and end user participation.
Conclusion: Results should encourage decision makers to understand mobility as a core constituent of information logistics and thus to promote close end-user participation as well as to work towards building a culture of innovation.
The workflow-oriented dissemination of electronic patient data is a central goal of IT deployment in hospitals. Against this background, the present study examines two research questions: (1.) Are there differences in the availability of electronic patient data (AEPD) between different clinical workflows and data types and (2.) which structural and organizational factors determine AEPD? Based on a Germany wide hospital survey, AEPD was assessed along six clinical workflows. While AEPD was lowest for ward rounds, discharge showed the highest AEPD with pre- and post-surgery processes ranging in between. With regard to the data types analyzed, patient demographics and observation findings obtained the highest AEPD scores. Electrophysiological results, checklists and warnings were less common electronically and received lower AEPD scores. Multiple linear regression analysis resulted in a significant model that explained 34.4% of the variance of AEPD. Large hospitals and those with a professional information management, a high health IT related innovation culture and a nursing informatics officer possess higher AEPD scores and thus have better clinical information logistics mechanisms at their command.
Health IT systems are employed to support continuity of care via information continuity, while management continuity is often neglected. This study aims at investigating issues of management continuity when developing a collaborative decision support system for chronic wounds. Thirty-three experts from a variety of professions and disciplines discussed problems and possible solutions in four workshops. The following topics emerged from the discussion: existing networks involving payers, responsibilities as well as good discharge management. These topics clearly address management continuity and are also relevant for the scenario of inter-professional wound care across different settings.
The establishment of successful clinical information logistics (CIL) within the care processes is one of the main objectives of strategic health IT management in hospitals. While technical realisations in terms of useful, usable and interoperable IT solutions are essential precursors of CIL, there is limited empirical research on what socio-organisational factors underlie an innovation-friendly culture and how they can affect successful information provision. We applied factor analysis on survey data from 403 clinical directors from Germany, Austria and Switzerland and used the dimensions identified to explain the level of CIL with ordered logistic regression analysis. The intensity of collaboration and exchange with the IT department as well as the degree of executive IT leadership showed to be strongly associated with better CIL while personal views and attitudes of clinical directors were not. Analysing country differences revealed the degree of the exchange with the IT department to be significantly lower in German hospitals. This points at a potential strategic lever for German hospital executives to focus on.
This prospective longitudinal study aims at better understanding eHealth success factors in different European nations, esp. the role of eHealth-legislation in Switzerland and Germany. Qualitative interviews with 39 matched experts from a large variety of institutions in both nations were conducted. The individual statements in the interviews and the overall satisfaction rating indicate a clear trend for a more optimistic attitude towards the law in Switzerland than in Germany. This result is not surprising given the history of a telematics infrastructure in Germany. Cross-country learning topics for German politicians are the inclusion of the inpatient sector and the focus on one major application. In a next step, interview results from Austria will be included and with that the scope of study findings enriched.
Frequent users of emergency departments (ED) pose a significant challenge to hospital emergency services. Despite a wealth of studies in this field, it is hardly understood, what medical conditions lead to frequent attendance. We examine (1) what ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) are linked to frequent use, (2) how frequent users can be clustered into subgroups with respect to their diagnoses, acuity and admittance, and (3) whether frequent use is related to higher acuity or admission rate. We identified several ACSC that highly increase the risk for heavy ED use, extracted four major diagnose subgroups and found no significant effect neither for acuity nor admission rate. Our study indicates that especially patients in need of (nursing) care form subgroups of frequent users, which implies that quality of care services might be crucial for tackling frequent use. Hospitals are advised to regularly analyze their ED data in the EHR to better align resources.
As health IT supports processes along the entire patient trajectory and involves different types of professional groups, eHealth is inter-professional by nature. The aim of this study, therefore, is to investigate which competencies are at the intersection of the individual groups of health professionals. 718 international experts provided relevance ratings of eHealth competencies for different professional roles in an online survey. Communication and leadership proved to be important competencies across all professions, not only for executives. None or very little differences between professions were found between physicians and nurses, between IT experts at different levels and between IT experts and executives. However, there were a number of competencies rated differently when contrasting direct patient care specialists with executives. These findings should encourage organisations issuing educational recommendations to specify areas of shared competencies more extensively.
Radiology has a reputation for having a high affinity to innovation – particularly with regard to information technologies. Designed for supporting the peculiarities of radiological diagnostic workflows, Radiology Information Systems (RIS) and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) developed into widely used information systems in hospitals and form the basis for advancing the field towards automated image diagnostics. RIS and PACS can thus serve as meaningful indicators of how quickly IT innovations diffuse in secondary care settings – an issue that requires increased attention in research and health policy in the light of increasingly fast innovation cycles. We therefore conducted a retrospective longitudinal observational study to research the diffusion dynamics of RIS and PACS in German hospitals between 2005 and 2017. Based upon data points collected within the “IT Report Healthcare” and building on Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, we applied a novel methodological technique by fitting Bayesian Bass Diffusion Models on past adoption rates. The Bass models showed acceptable goodness of fit to the data and the results indicated similar growth rates of RIS and PACS implementations and suggest that market saturation is almost reached. Adoption rates of PACS showed a slightly higher coefficient of imitation (q = 0.25) compared to RIS (q = 0.11). However, the diffusion process expands over approximately two decades for both systems which points at the need for further research into how innovation diffusion can be accelerated effectively. Furthermore, the Bayesian approach to Bass modelling showed to have several advantages over the classical frequentists approaches and should encourage adoption and diffusion research to adapt similar techniques.
Personal health records (PHR) are instruments to compile, store and present health and wellness related data digitally with proven effects on self-management of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there were differences in the intention to use (ITU) and perceived usefulness (PU) of two technologies allowing users to access the PHR, i.e. a kiosk system and a smart phone based app (access as usual). The study also aimed at modelling ITU and PU with multiple linear regressions. A total of 46 subject participated in the study who were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental groups (nkiosk = 22; napp = 24). The task for both groups was to digitise their “Medikationsplan” (medical record) and upload it to the PHR. There was no significant difference in ITU and PU between the two technologies. ITU could only be significantly explained by PU (R2 = .55, p < 0.001), while PU was determined by perceived ease of use and psychological factors (R2 = .64, p < 0.001). Severity of disease did not play any significant role. The German “Terminservice- und Versorgungsgesetz” underpins the importance and timeliness of this study. The assumption that both – the publicly accessible kiosk and the app – are equally acceptable for people of different gender, age and technology background demonstrates the opportunity to master a potential digital divide among the population and allows users to get access to their PHR in multiple ways.
Use of Emergency Departments by Frail Elderly Patients : Temporal Patterns and Case Complexity
(2019)
Emergency department (ED) care for frail elderly patients is associated with an increased use of resources due to their complex medical needs and frequently difficult psycho-social situation. To better target their needs with specially trained staff, it is vital to determine the times during which these particular patients present to the ED. Recent research was inconclusive regarding this question and the applied methods were limited to coarse time windows. Moreover, there is little research on time variation of frail ED patients’ case complexity. This study examines differences in arrival rates for frail vs. non-frail patients in detail and compares case complexity in frail patients within vs. outside of regular GP working hours. Arrival times and case variables (admission rate, ED length of stay [LOS], triage level and comorbidities) were extracted from the EHR of an ED in an urban German teaching hospital. We employed Poisson time series regression to determine patterns in hourly arrival rates over the week. Frail elderly patients presented more likely to the ED during already high frequented hours, especially at midday and in the afternoon. Case complexity for frail patients was significantly higher compared to non-frail patients, but varied marginally in time only with respect to triage level and ED LOS. The results suggest that frailty-attuned emergency care should be available in EDs during the busiest hours. Based on EHR data, hospitals thus can tailor their staff needs.
Despite similar policy goals, the adoption of eHealth practices took different paths in Austria (AT), Switzerland (CH), and Germany (GER). We seek to provide a rigorous analysis of the current state of hospitals by focusing on three key eHealth areas: electronic patient records (EPR), health information exchange (HIE), electronic patient communication. For validation and in order to gain better contextual insight we applied a mixed method approach by combining survey results from clinical directors with qualitative interview data from eHealth experts of all three countries. Across countries, EPR adoption rates were reported highest (AT: 52%, CH: 78%, GER: 50%), HIE-rates were partly lower (AT: 52%, CH: 14%, GER: 17%), and electronic patient communication was reported lowest overall (AT: 17%, CH: 8%, GER: 19%). Amongst others, results indicate patient awareness about eHealth to be equally weak across countries, which thus may be an important focal point of future policy initiatives.
This paper describes the methodology and developments towards the TIGER International Recommendation Framework of Core Competencies in Health Informatics 2.0. This Framework is meant to augment the scope from nursing towards a series of six other professional roles, i.e. direct patient care, health information management, executives, chief information officers, engineers and health IT specialists and researchers and educators. Health informatics core competency areas were compiled from various sources that had integrated the literature and were grouped into consistent clusters. The relevance of these core competency areas was rated in a survey by 718 professional experts from 51 countries. Furthermore, 22 local case studies illustrated the competencies and gave insight into examples of local educational practice. The Framework contributes to the overall discourse on how to shape health informatics education to improve quality and safety of care by enabling useful and successful health information systems.
Although user participation may facilitate the realisation of IT innovations, various literature analyses show only minimal to moderate evidence for such effects possibly due to disregard of mediating factors. Against this background, this study examines the extent to which joint intrapreneurship of clinical leaders and IT leaders as well as a distinct innovation culture mediate the effect of user participation on hospitals’ IT innovativeness. IT innovativeness was measured by the availability and usability of IT functions and by the perceived ‘innovative power’ of a hospital. An empirical model was developed and tested with data from 168 clinical leaders and IT leaders who participated pairwise in a survey representing 84 German hospitals. Three parallel mediation analyses indicated that the participation of users could only lead to IT innovativeness if they were accompanied by intrapreneurial leadership on the part of clinical directors and IT leaders and if a pronounced innovation culture prevailed.
Background: Crowding in emergency departments (ED) has a negative impact on quality of care and can be averted by allocating additional resources based on predictive crowding models. However, there is a lack in effective external overall predictors, particularly those representing public activity.
Objectives: This study, therefore, examines public activity measured by regional road traffic flow as an external predictor of ED crowding in an urban hospital.
Methods: Seasonal autoregressive cross-validated models (SARIMA) were compared with respect to their forecasting error on ED crowding data.
Results: It could be shown that inclusion of inflowing road traffic into a SARIMA model effectively improved prediction errors.
Conclusion: The results provide evidence that circadian patterns of medical emergencies are connected to human activity levels in the region and could be captured by public monitoring of traffic flow. In order to corroborate this model, data from further years and additional regions need to be considered. It would also be interesting to study public activity by additional variables.
In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, wie sich ein steigender energetischer Autarkiegrad eines speziellen containerbasierten Einfamilienhauses auf verschiedene ökologische Indikatoren auswirkt. Zur Steigerung des Autarkiegrades wurden folgende Komponenten verbaut und variiert: Photovoltaik (PV) mit und ohne Batteriespeicher sowie Vakuum-Isolations-Paneelen (VIP) und Phasenwechselmaterialien (PCM) in der Gebäudehülle. Bei der Betrachtung der Umweltbelastungen stehen dabei die folgenden Lebenswegphasen im Vordergrund: Herstellung, Nutzung und Verwertung. Das Recycling Potenzial spielt hier eine untergeordnete Rolle. Nach der Definition des Gebäudes und der Ermittlung der Wärme und Strombedarfswerte werden die Ergebnisse für die verschiedenen Umweltindikatoren einzeln errechnet. Das Treibhauspotenzial (GWP), Versauerungspotenzial (AP) und der abiotische Ressourcenverbrauch werden in Abhängigkeit vom Autarkiegrad dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die ökologisch günstigste Lösung je nach Umweltindikator sehr unterschiedlich ausgeprägt ist und zwischen 0 bis 75 % Autarkiegrad liegt. Abschließend findet eine kurze ökonomische Betrachtung statt.
A suspension of PMMA spheres in a density matched saccharose solution is investigated with a classical Searle rheometer and a NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectrometer. Here the NMR is used to measure the radial distribution of the PMMA spheres in the rotating cell, in addition to the local velocity profile of the suspension. The influence of particle concentration on the wall depletion is studied. Further analysis are carried out with computational fluid dynamics software. The velocity field as well as the solid distribution in the couette flow is simulated with a two-phase model including the Darcy law and compared to the experimental data.
The market for external ratings is dominated worldwide as well as in the European Union (EU) by three major credit rating agencies (CRAs). These “Big Three” are Standard & Poor's (S&P), Moody's and Fitch Ratings. Due to the oligopolistic market structure and possible involvement in the 2008 financial crisis, the rating agencies have constantly come under criticism. This was associated with stricter regulatory requirements to ease the situation. The EU-Regulation on credit rating agencies („CRA-Regulation“) coming into force 2009 and its amendments in 2011 and in 2013 have mainly governed such regulation. The aim of the article is to analyse potential regulatory impact on the still inherent oligopolistic situation on the EU rating market in the context of the CRA-Regulation. Selected key figures are used to observe over a defined period of time if and how the dominance has changed. The motivation for this article is the observation, that political and private efforts to establish a European rating agency as a counterweight to the three major agencies and other approaches to increase competition in the rating market, followed, which has not been resounding to date. In summary, it is shown that new agencies have a potential impact on the EU rating market and that the three major rating agencies still dominate the market but within a changed environment.
Kurzfassung: Die vorliegende Untersuchung setzt sich mit den Problemfeldern der Personalauswahl und -entwicklung auseinander, welche die demografischen Veränderungen in Bezug auf Migration mit sich bringen. Explorativ soll die Ausprägung von sozialen und interkulturellen Kompetenzen und der Aspekt Diversity in Unternehmen untersucht werden. Hierzu wurden 69 Interviews durchgeführt und die intervallskalierten Selbsteinschätzungsskalen quantitativ verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Mitarbeiter die Relevanz von Diversity-Einstellungen und Maßnahmen, Kompetenzen und Umsetzung dieser deutlich höher bewerten als die Führungskräfte. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf den Bedarf einer Kompetenzförderung hin, insbesondere in Bezug auf die interkulturelle Kompetenz.
Kurzfassung: Die vorliegende Untersuchung untersucht die Auswirkungen
der Dauer eines Auslandsaufenthaltes von Studierenden sowie von arbeitsbezogenen Persönlichkeitsfaktoren und Charakteristika auf die interkulturelle Kompetenz und die Integration der Teilnehmer. Die Untersuchung erfolgte in Form einer korrelativen Querschnittstudie. Insgesamt 202 Probanden mit akademischer Ausbildung wurden untersucht. Es wurden die interkulturelle Kompetenz, Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und arbeitsbezogene Einstellungen gemessen, sowie demographische Faktoren des Auslandsaufenthaltes und die Integration in die Zielkultur. Es gibt einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen der Dauer von Auslandsaufenthalten und kognitiver, motivationaler und verhaltensbezogener interkultureller
Kompetenz.
Aims: This study examines the relationship between the time, students spent abroad, personality traits and circumstances during this time with the student’s intercultural competence and integration performance in the target culture. Design and sample: The study had a correlative cross-sectional design. 202 academic subjects were surveyed. The average age was 22 years. There was one measuring time, to which 58 % of the participants stated that they have had a stay abroad. Measurements: Metacognitive, cognitive, motivational and behavioural intercultural competence were measured with the Cultural Intelligence Scale. The personality traits involvement, discipline, social competence, cooperation, dominance and stability were captured with the "Bochum inventory for job-related personality description-6F". Work-related attitudes as patterns of behaviour and experience were measured using the "Work-related Behaviour and Experiencing Pattern 44" (Geman: Arbeitsbezogene Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster; AVEM). In addition, the demographic factors and characteristics of stays abroad as well as the integration into the target culture based on the Sociocultural Adaption Scale were examined. The data was tested for relationships and differences by tests for mean differences, variance and regression analyses. Results: There was a positive correlation between duration and cognitive, motivational and behavioural intercultural competence. The motivational competence is higher in subjects who have no risk pattern in the AVEM. The different types of competence influence each other at diverse times. Moreover, the suggested structural equation model could be confirmed. This showed the effect of the AVEM pattern on intercultural competence, moderated by the stay abroad and the social competence.
The central aim of the investigation at hand is to deal with the problem areas of Human Resource Management, which arise by demographic changes and migration. The paper focuses on mutual relationships. Managers and human resource managers are considered as multipliers. Older employees, migrants and women are important potential. Therefore, following research questions have been investigated: Which competences are necessary to promote to recognise the potential of migrants correctly and to promote them? Do the multipliers have to be more sensitized for the issue diversity? Do they have to develop specific competences to make the system more permeable and to make the entry and promotion of migrants possible? Which competences should be promoted to increase the sensitivity for diversity? The questions were examined by a qualitative investigation to develop hypotheses for a quantitative study. Overall, 30 interviews with managers, human resource managers and diversity representatives of the large DAX companies were conducted. Furthermore, 17 employees with immigration background and 15 employees without an immigration background were interviewed. The data was transcribed and analysed by the qualitative content analysis according to Mayring (2010). Comparative analyses were made with single items with Likert Scales. The investigation of managers and employees is a highly diversified issue. Therefore, the main focus of the project lays on the problem areas, conflicts and competences of human resources managers in demographic-sensitive personnel management. In comparison, employees with and without an immigration background were asked. The results show an interesting field of tension between self-perception and perception of others and the assessment of the relevance of diversity attitudes and measures, competences and their implementation. Furthermore, a contrary perception regarding strains and stresses of person with and without immigration background is determined, which is developed in the consequences of migrations stress and experiences of discrimination. The results indicate the need of promotion of competences, especially regarding intercultural competence. A critical analysis of the results will be presented.
Sustainability is a growing megatrend in our society entailing an increasing importance of sustainable consumption. Consumers associate sustainable products with ecological and regional production including a high credibility. In order to take advantage of this trend manufacturers of sustainable foods must communicate the sustainability of their products via packaging and displays at the point of sale. The objective of this article is to examine how the design of display elements succeeds in conveying sustainability for a new organic juice. In addition, the perception of individual design elements of sustainable products is determined. To this end, a field study was carried out in a supermarket combining eye-tracking technology with a survey of 32 customers. At the entrance, customers were asked to buy a variety of the newly introduced "Emsländer" organic juice, and then participate in the survey. The results demonstrate that customers with a positive attitude towards sustainable food fixate individual display elements referring to sustainability components for longer and remember product features better. Hence, the positive attitude towards sustainable food results in a higher visual attention at the point of sale. These findings provide recommendations for the design of the display.
The accounting of small and medium enterprises is specific, compared to the accounting of large enterprises, for several reasons. First of all, lower business volume implies less demanding accounting in terms of less turnover and the number of accounts to be processed, lower financial reporting requirements, more favourable tax treatment is expected and the like. Practical experience in the years of application of EU-accounting directives, which represent the framework of financial reporting of companies at the EU level, pointed to certain difficulties or excessive administrative burden of small and medium enterprises in relation to the requirements for large companies and identified areas for improvement. The complexity of these regulations as well as problems in practical application have led to the need to develop and publish a revised single accounting directive (2013/34/EU). This Directive was primarily adopted with the aim of simplifying the accounting and financial reporting of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Today, it is common for small and medium-sized enterprises to go beyond the borders of one country. In the internationalization of business, SMEs face many challenges and potential barriers. First of all, it refers to financial, human and procedural barriers, but also to informational barriers related to regulations, rules and laws of other countries. Since the accounting and tax treatment of the same business transaction may differ between countries, it seems entirely justified to investigate whether there are differences in the regulation and regulation of the accounting system between the two countries. This paper compares the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises’ accounting systems between two economically strongly connected countries, Germany and Croatia, which is the main goal of this paper. It is well known that financial reporting is a particularly important, final phase of accounting data processing. Namely, financial reporting system of these two countries is compared by using the method of comparison and classification analysis. The types and scope of financial statements have been defined and the content of financial statements that SMEs are obliged to compile and publish has been analysed. The paper pays additional attention to the analysis of similarities and differences between these two accounting regulations as well as current events in the implementation of the revised accounting directive into national legislation, especially in simplifying the financial reporting of the smallest, but numerically most represented micro enterprises. The important finding of the research show that some changes have been made but there is still room to improve accounting regulations for this segment of entrepreneurship.
Regenerative Energiekonzepte zur Versorgung von Containergebäuden für verschiedene Klimazonen
(2020)
Leichtbauanwendungen auf Basis des Containerbaus bieten ökologische und ökonomische Potenziale für das Bauwesen und sind daher relevant innerhalb der Energiewende zur Erreichung eines nahezu klimaneutralen Gebäudebestandes. Daher werden hier verschiedene Anwendungen in unterschiedlichen Klimazonen behandelt.
Dazu werden zunächst die globalen Klimazonen analysiert und containerbasierte Leichtbaulösungen mit ihren Energiebedarfen und Nutzerprofilen vorgestellt. Durch bautechnische Optimierungen wird nahezu ein Passivhausstandard hergestellt. Auf Basis dieser Eingangsdaten werden verschiedene Energiekonzepte diskutiert, bei denen Solar- und Windenergie, aber auch Biomasse als regenerative Energieträger integriert werden. Die Konzepte werden allesamt mit der Software Polysun® simuliert und analysiert. Die verschiedenen Ansätze werden insbesondere in Bezug Energieautarkie, aber auch in Bezug auf Umsetzbarkeit verglichen und bewertet. Beispielsweise können mit einem Konzept bestehend aus einer Photovoltaik-Anlage, Wärmepumpe zur Wärme- und Kälteerzeugung sowie integriertem Batteriespeicher, Wärme- und Kältespeicher sehr gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden.
Schließlich wird noch der Einfluss der verschiedenen Klimazonen auf die erforderliche energietechnische Gebäudeausstattung sowie Potenziale für andere Anwendungskonzepte beschrieben.
With the increasing size and complexity of embedded systems, the impact of software on energy consumption is becoming more important. Previous research focused mainly on energy optimization at the hardware level. However, little research has been carried out regarding energy optimization at the software design level. This paper focuses on the software design level and addresses the gap between software and hardware design for embedded systems. This is achieved by proposing a framework for software design patterns, which takes aspects of power consumption and time behavior of the hardware level into account. We evaluate the expressiveness of the framework by applying it to well-known and novel design patterns. Furthermore, we introduce a dimensionless numerical efficiency factor to make possible energy savings quantifiable.
Leichtbauanwendungen auf Basis des Containerbaus bieten ökologische und ökonomische Potenziale für das Bauwesen und sind daher relevant innerhalb der Energiewende zur Erreichung eines nahezu klimaneutralen Gebäudebestandes. Daher werden hier verschiedene Anwendungen in unterschiedlichen Klimazonen behandelt. Dazu werden zunächst die globalen Klimazonen analysiert und containerbasierte Leichtbaulösungen mit ihren Energiebedarfen und Nutzerprofilen vorgestellt. Durch bautechnische Optimierungen wird nahezu ein Passivhausstandard hergestellt. Auf Basis dieser Eingangsdaten werden verschiedene Energiekonzepte diskutiert, bei denen Solar- und Windenergie, aber auch Biomasse als regenerative Energieträger integriert werden. Die Konzepte werden allesamt mit der Software Polysun® simuliert und analysiert. Die verschiedenen Ansätze werden insbesondere in Bezug auf Energieautarkie, aber auch in Bezug auf Umsetzbarkeit verglichen und bewertet. Beispielsweise können mit einem Konzept bestehend aus einer Photovoltaik-Anlage, Wärmepumpe zur Wärme- und Kälteerzeugung sowie integriertem Batteriespeicher, Wärme- und Kältespeicher, sehr gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Schließlich wird noch der Einfluss der verschiedenen Klimazonen auf die erforderliche energietechnische Gebäudeausstattung sowie Potenziale für andere Anwendungskonzepte beschrieben.