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Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) operates in the ISM band with 868 MHz, where the Time on Air (ToA) is regulated in the EU to 1 %. LoRaWAN nodes use the Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) algorithm to adapt their data rates during operation. The standard ADR algorithm works well with stationary nodes, however is very slow in the adaptation for mobile nodes. This paper introduces a new ADR algorithm for LoRaWAN that is supported by higher level meta-data for sensor streams, namely Quality of Information (QoI). With the help of QoI it is possible to provide additional information to the new ADR algorithm, reducing the convergence time and thus improving the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of data from mobile sensor nodes. The new algorithm requires only modifications on network server side and keeps backwards compatibility with LoRaWAN nodes. Results show a significant better PDR compared to the standard ADR in scenarios with a limited number of mobile nodes.
When the ECLAS Conference took place in 1972 western societies were undergoing profound change: They transformed from industrial to postindustrial societies – the so-called service societies. 50 years later, the knowledge society is emerging: Knowledge is considered the key resource of this era. Digitalization and widespread dissemination of ICT allow information to be obtained anywhere anytime. This has severe implications for individual lifestyles and everyday practices. Different aspects of living, learning and working are no longer bound to physical limitations but can be enhanced by or even transferred to the virtual space. So being on the move today means travelling in hybrid spaces. We call this the space and practice “en route”.
At the University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück we explore the following questions:
What does “en route” mean and look like in landscapes of higher education?
How is it perceived individually?
(How) can landscape architecture shape it?
Our transdisciplinary research project EN ROUTE aims to meet current challenges at universities (e.g. digitalisation, sustainable development) with a comprehensive understanding of space and practices “en route”. In a transdisciplinary process, researchers from various disciplines – landscape architecture, geography, urban planning, business administrations and marketing, energy technology and computer science – develop concepts and strategies for sustainable and digital mobility in the higher education sector. New “EN ROUTE” types provide insights into the individual production and utilization of spaces “en route”.
The campuses of the University of Applied Science Osnabrück as well as the virtual and physical space network of its members serve as research example. Initial findings will be presented at the conference. While the ECLAS conference in 1972 focused on physical scales, landscape architecture has to reflect them critically and ask: What could be an innovative understanding of spaces “en route”?