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Institute
Hintergrund: Im Zuge der weltweiten Flüchtlingsbewegungen ist in den letzten Jahren eine hohe Anzahl an geflüchteten Personen nach Deutschland gekommen. Laut amtlicher Statistik lebten Ende 2018 ca. 1.780.000 Schutzsuchende in Deutschland (Statistisches Bundesamt 2019). Der Anteil weiblicher Schutzsuchender beträgt ca. 37,4 Prozent. Zirka 51 Prozent der geflüchteten Frauen, die in Deutschland ankommen und Asyl beantragen, befinden sich im gebärfähigen Alter zwischen 15 und 45 Jahren (Statistisches Bundesamt 2019a; _b). Darüber, wie viele schutzsuchende Frauen schwanger eingereist sind oder zum Zeitpunkt ihres Aufenthaltes in der Erstaufnahmeeinrichtung schwanger geworden sind, liegen keine Daten vor. Ebenso fehlen bisher in Deutschland repräsentative gesundheitsbezogene Daten von Schutzsuchenden (Frank, Yesil-Jürgens & Razum et al. 2017). Insbesondere zu den gesundheitlichen Problemlagen und Bedürfnissen von schutzsuchenden Frauen im Bereich Schwangerschaft, Geburt und postpartaler Phase liegen keine Erkenntnisse vor (Bozorgmehr, Mohsenpour & Saure et al. 2016; Heslehurst, Brown & Pemu et al. 2018). Internationale Studien deuten allerdings darauf hin, dass die gesundheitsbezogene Bedarfslage schutzsuchender Frauen komplex ist (Gagnon, Zimbeck & Zeitlin et al. 2009;van den Akker & van Roosmalen 2016). Die systematische Identifizierung von Versorgungsbedarfen und eine bedarfsgerechte Versorgungsplanung sind deshalb derzeit kaum möglich (Mörath 2019). Aus rechtlicher Perspektive ist diese unbefriedigende Situation ebenfalls problematisch (Klotz 2018). Die Umsetzung des völkerrechtlich bindenden internationalen Rechts auf ein für sie [Anmerk. d. V. : die Person] erreichbares Höchstmaß an körperlicher und geistiger Gesundheit (BGBI. 1976), welches von Deutschland 1976 ratifiziert wurde, sowie des UN-Übereinkommens zur Beseitigung jeder Diskriminierung der Frau von 1979 (BGBI. 1985) und der in der EU-Richtlinie 2013/33/EU in Kapitel IV aufgeführten Bestimmungen für schutzbedürftige Personen erfordert für diese spezifische Personengruppe vielfache Bemühungen. Denn die Förderung und Verbesserung der sexuellen und reproduktiven Gesundheit bzw. Rechte von schutzsuchenden Frauen kann einen Beitrag zu ihrer gesellschaftlichen Integration nach sich ziehen (Janssens, Bosmans & Temmerman 2005). Zuzüglich zur rechtlichen Situation schutzsuchender Frauen gilt das Recht ihrer Kinder auf Gesundheit. Im Artikel 24 der UN-Kinderrechtskonvention (UN, Committee on the Rights of the Child 2013) ist dieses verankert und unterstreicht u. a. für die Vor- und Nachsorge relevante Versorgungsbereiche wie z. B. prä- und postnatale Versorgung der Mütter, Aufklärung über Gesundheit und Ernährung u. w. m. (Deutsches Institut für Menschenrechte 2017).
Do multipliers have to be more sensitized for the issue diversity? Do they have to develop specific competences? Which do they already have? These questions were analysed by a qualitative investigation. Ca. 70 interviews with managers of the large DAX companies and employees were conducted. The results show a field of tension between self-perception and perception of others and the assessment of the relevance of diversity attitudes and measures, competences and their actual implementation. The results indicate the need of promotion of competences, especially regarding the intercultural competence. We position ourselves in a functionalist perspective, in line with the work on paradigms of Burell and Morgan (2017) and Deetz (1996) in social sciences and Cross-Cultural Management. We present these results from a functionalist perspective in order to ensure the greatest possible "objectivity".
Aims: Intercultural competence has become a key-competence, since the world has become more and more volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous. Therefore, insights in the development of intercultural competence and its´ links to individual traits are crucial for companies and researchers to face the requirements in a VUCA world. This study examines the relationship between the time, students spent abroad, personality traits and circumstances during this time with the student’s intercultural competence and integration performance in the target culture. The study had a correlative cross-sectional design. Design and sample: A total of 202 academic subjects were surveyed. The average age was 22 years. There was one measuring time, to which 58 % of the participants stated that they have had a stay abroad. Measurements: Metacognitive, cognitive, motivational and behavioural intercultural competence were measured with the Cultural Intelligence Scale. The personality traits involvement, discipline, social competence, cooperation, dominance and stability were captured with the "Bochum inventory for job-related personality description-6F". Work-related attitudes as patterns of behaviour and experience were measured using the "Work-related Behaviour and Experiencing Pattern 44" (German: Arbeitsbezogene Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster, AVEM). This scale captures the way participants relate to work in general based on the measurement of personality traits and their fit to specific clusters, which describe, whether individuals have healthy or risky patterns. In addition, the demographic factors and characteristics of stays abroad as well as the integration into the target culture based on the Sociocultural Adaption Scale were examined. The data was tested for relationships and differences by tests for mean differences, variance and regression analyses. Results: There was a positive correlation between duration and cognitive, motivational and behavioural intercultural competence. The motivational competence is higher in subjects who have no risk pattern in the AVEM. The different types of competence influence each other at diverse times. Moreover, the suggested structural equation model could be confirmed. This showed the effect of the AVEM pattern on intercultural competence, moderated by the stay abroad and the social competence. Thus, the study contributes to the understanding of both the measurement of intercultural competence and the development process of intercultural competence in a globalized world.
Since February 2019, the „Katholische Erwachsenenbildung“ has been collaborating with the Institute of Music of the University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück. An institute for adult education provides the framework for a concept in which German as a second language lessons are accompanied by musicalisation. In line with elemental musical practice, whole-body experiences with voice, movement, and body-percussion play an important role. Students with the career goal of „Educating Artist“ work alongside language teachers in this project, and are mentored by university teachers. The young musicians gain monitored teaching experience and have a great opportunity to witness and help shape the linguistic and social integration of refugees.
A consequence of increasing migration is that a large number of people need to learn the language of the country of immigration. Music and language are phenomenons that share many common characteristics, such as melody, rhythm, and timbre. Music draws attention and can cause positive emotions. Music and movement are deeply rooted in the communication of emotional states und are considered to be the evolutionary biological basis for language. Thus the close relationship between language, music, and dance is evident: They all rely on differentiating perception, are able, as systems designed for social interactions, to connect people, and allow for both collective and individual expression.
The contents and procedures of the lessons are documented in a digital diary. The entire team meets at regular intervals, in order to reflect on the experiences and conduct further planning. For these purposes, video documentation of the lessons is also used. The project will end in November 2019 with a language exam; a musical final presentation is also planned. By then at the latest, findings will be available as to if and how the musical course content was able to support language acquisition. The collaboration enables the partners to realize the combining of different objectives (learning a second language, cultural participation and music making) by bringing experts together.
Symposion: Working for the greater good in services: risks and innovation impacts on employees’ wellbeing
Oral presentation: Kumbruck: Digitalization in Health and Old People’s Care and the Impacts on the Interaction Work
Purpose: Digitalization like roboter to lift or feed care receiver or like electronic patient documentation, e.g. on smartphones, changes interaction and communication between care givers and care receivers. From our research projects (Projektgruppe verfassungsverträgliche Technikgestaltung: Mobile information and communication tools in the hospital; Das Ethos fürsorglicher Praxis in der Pflege) shows impacts.
Design/Methodology/Approach/Intervention: Qualitative studies (simulation studies; narrative Interviews, observations,) with more than 60 experimentees in different health care institutions.
Results: The interaction is mediated by electronic tools. The nurses are confident by the electronic assistance and workload reduction; but they are afraid of more distance in the relationship to the patients, more mixing of private and working time activities or more observation by their superiors. The most critical aspect is seen in the patient documentation.
Limitations: These studies are explorative ones. Especially the simulation study is an experimental design.
Research/Practical Implications: There is need for more and quantitative studies. The results give a lot of indications that the organizational and political frameworks of health care are important moderators of the impacts of the digitalization in health care.
Originality/Value: The studies have an important perspective on the change in the relationship between health care givers and receivers by digitalization – a topic, which concerns everybody.
Niche-based species distribution models (SDMs) play a central role in studying species response to environmental change. Effective management and conservation plans for freshwater ecosystems require SDMs that accommodate hierarchical catchment ordering and provide clarity on the performance of such models across multiple scales. The scale-dependence components considered here are: (a) environment spatial structure, represented by hierarchical catchment ordering following the Strahler system; (b) analysis grain, that included 1st to 5th order catchments; and (c) response grain, the grain at which species respond most, represented by local and upstream catchment area effects. We used fish occurrence data from the Danube River Basin and various factors representing climate, land cover and anthropogenic pressures. Our results indicate that the choice of response grain – local vs. upstream area effects – and the choice of analysis grain, only marginally influence the performance of SDMs. Upstream effects tend to better predict fish distributions than corresponding local effects for anthropogenic and land cover factors, in particular for species sensitive to pollution. Key predictors and their relative importance are scale and species dependent. Consequently, choosing proper species dependent spatial scales and factors is imperative for effective river rehabilitation measures.
Für eine sichere, nachhaltige und wirtschaftliche Energieversorgung der Zukunft sowie das Erreichen der Pariser Klimaziele, ist eine Umstellung des Energiesystems in Deutschland auf 100 % erneuerbare Energien erforderlich. Dies ist bis zum Jahr 2050 realisierbar. Insbesondere Unternehmen der Energiebranche, wie der Windkraftanlagenhersteller GE Wind Energy GmbH, sollen sich mit den zukünftigen Änderungen des Energiesystems auseinandersetzen. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschäftigt sich die Bachelorarbeit mit Deutschlands Energiesystem der Zukunft aus 100 % erneuerbaren Energien und der damit verbundenen Rolle der Onshore-Windenergie. Dazu erfolgt eine Ermittlung von Deutschlands zukünftigem Energieverbrauch und der Voraussetzungen für die Energieversorgung im Jahr 2050 mit Hilfe des Simulations-Tools 100prosim. Der zukünftige Beitrag der Onshore-Wind-energie wird unter Berücksichtigung der technischen Entwicklung dieser Energiequelle untersucht sowie mit klimapolitischen und gesellschaftlichen Ansichten verglichen. Als Ergebnisse der Bachelorarbeit kann Deutschlands Energieverbrauch im Jahr 2050, in Folge von umfassenden Gebäudesanierungen sowie der Verlagerung, Vermeidung und Verbesserung des Verkehrs, Substitution von Brennstoffen und weiteren Effizienzsteigerungen, um 41,84 % reduziert werden gegenüber 2016. Für die Deckung des Energiebedarfs müssen Energiespeicher, intelligente Stromnetze sowie alle erneuerbaren Energiequellen ausgebaut und technisch verbessert werden. Zukünftig sind Onshore-WKA mit durchschnittlich 5,5 MW Nenn-leistung, 2870 Volllaststunden und 7,94 ha/MW Flächenbedarf zu erwarten. Folglich wird Onshore-Windenergie die Hauptrolle in der zukünftigen Energieversor-gung übernehmen. Durch einen Ausbau von Onshore-WKA, der die klimapolitischen Ziele deutlich übersteigt, auf 4,15 % (187.028 MW) bis 5,3 % (238.629 MW) der Landesfläche, wird die Energiewende zu einem Energiesystem mit 100 % erneuerbaren Energien bis 2050 ermöglicht.
Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit sollte die Frage beantwortet werden, wie dokumentierte Informationen gemäß ISO 9001:2015 beschaffen sein müssen, damit sie als Arbeitsmittel im betrieblichen Alltag Anwendung finden. Dazu wurde im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit zuerst aufgezeigt, welche Aufgaben die Organisationskommunikation im Zusammenhang mit dokumentierten Informationen hat. Anschließend wurde untersucht, welche Anforderungen Informationen aus Sicht der Organisationskommunikation und des Qualitätsmanagements zu erfüllen haben. Um diese Anforderungen erfüllen zu können, wurde daraufhin ermittelt, welche Faktoren relevant sind, damit Informationen verständlich und anwendbar sind. Dazu wurden Erkenntnisse und Modelle aus der Verständlichkeitsforschung genutzt. Im methodischen Teil dieser Arbeit wurde auf Basis der bisherigen Erkenntnisse und anhand des „Kremser Verständlichkeitsmodell“ Arbeitshilfen (Tools) entwickelt. Diese können im Rahmen des Kommunikationsmanagements dazu genutzt werden Mitarbeiter zu befähigen, eigenständig verständliche und anwendbare dokumentierte Information zu erstellen, zu analysieren und zu optimieren. Abschließend wurde die Anwendung dieser Tools an zwei Beispielen gezeigt.
Rationale: Three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis has proved helpful in the diagnosis of different musculoskeletal syndromes and identifying injurious movement patterns in high string players. Furthermore, an optoelectronic 3D motion capture system allows an accurate and objective assessment of upper body posture and motion during violin and viola performance. However, no reference upper body model of high string players has been proposed as yet. Moreover, a more physiological shoulder model that separates the joints of the shoulder complex has not been reported. Especially in view of given the role of the scapula in the normal movement of the humerus, it cannot be disregarded when evaluating musculoskeletal strain in the shoulder.
The International Society of Biomechanics recommends definitions of joint coordinate systems for the report of upper body joint motion using anatomical landmarks as reference for the placement of surface markers. Using markers on the skin for some of the proposed locations is, however, inappropriate when an instrument is being played. There are skin movement artifacts, e. g. caused by the movement of the scapula underneath the skin, whereas some markers interfere with the instrument on the shoulder or might be occluded by the bowing arm in motion.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a marker-based method for quantifying 3D upper body kinematics of high string players and to demonstrate its clinical feasibility in violin and viola performance. The method is intended to provide an objective evaluation of high string players’ motor strategies, especially in the shoulder complex, while minimizing skin movement artifacts, marker occlusions and limitations in instrument placement.
Methods: A custom marker set was developed consisting of thirty-one single markers to define the anatomical coordinate systems of sixteen upper body segments including the pelvis, thorax, spine and head, as well as both scapulae, upper arms, forearms and hands. Twenty-one of these markers as well as two pre-built and four custom-made rigid marker clusters were used for tracking the segment motions.
Twelve professional violinists without history of musculoskeletal or neurological problems were recruited for assessing the clinical feasibility of the method. They were asked to perform a single sequence of two consecutive musical notes on each of two adjacent strings (G- and D-string) in real time, played at 50 bpm with tempo audibly regulated by a metronome, and using a standardized violin and bow. The participants played up- and down-bow alternately using the whole length of the bow.
A custom biomechanical model was applied to the motion capture data and the rotation angles of fifteen joints were calculated. The location of each glenohumeral joint rotation center was computed by upper arm movements with respect to the scapula based on a functional method. For a description of the motion patterns, minimum, maximum and range of angular motion were averaged across participants for each string and rotation. Inter-subject variability was assessed by calculating the standard deviation (SD) at each sample of the angle-time series between participants for each rotation and for both strings. Then SD was averaged over sequences for each rotation and string. For comparing mean rotation angles between strings over time, random effect models were used.
Results: The highest range of motion was observed in the right elbow flexion and right wrist flexion/extension. Also, high ranges of motion (> 10°) were found in all right glenohumeral rotations and right wrist deviation and pronation/supination. In conclusion, lumbar and thoracic spine, thorax, neck, and left upper limb were quite static, while large motion occurred in the right upper limb during up and down bowing.
Most rotation angles showed a reasonable inter-subject variability except for left and right glenohumeral plane of elevation as well as left glenohumeral internal/external rotation, and left and right wrist pronation/supination (> 10°).
Significant differences in the rotation angles between G- and D-string bowing were detected especially in the left wrist and right shoulder joints.
Conclusions: This is the first study that used quantitative 3D analysis to explore the upper body kinematics of high string players during performance, providing a detailed view of the motor control in the shoulder as well as in the lumbar and thoracic spine. The biggest advantage over previously published methods is the more physiological shoulder and spine models while providing a simple application.
The method was found to give consistent motion patterns across participants and to be sensitive to differences between adjacent strings. Although the method appears to be valid, more rigorous validation is necessary. Since there is no gold standard with which we could compare results, we were only able to assess the clinical feasibility. We believe that our method represents a good compromise between accuracy and practicability for clinical application.
Due to the inclusion of multi-segmented shoulder and spine models, it will improve understanding of the motor strategies adopted by high string players and may contribute to injury prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
We describe an automated approach, to easily track patients regaining their walking ability while recovering from neurological diseases like e.g. stroke. Based on captured gait data and objective measures derived out of it the rehabilitation process can be optimized and thus steered. In order to apply such system in clinical practice two key requirements have to be fulfilled: (i) the system needs to be applicable in terms of ease of use and performance; (ii) the derived measures need to be accurate.
Background
Lay family caregivers of patients receiving palliative care often confront stressful situations in the care of their loved ones. This is particularly true for families in the home-based palliative care settings, where the family caregivers are responsible for a substantial amount of the patient’s care. Yet, to our knowledge, no study to date has examined the family caregivers’ exposure to critical events and distress with home-based palliative care has been reported from Germany. Therefore, we attempt to assess family caregiver exposure to the dying patient’s critical health events and relate that to the caregiver’s own psychological distress to examine associations with general health within a home-based palliative care situation in Germany.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 106 family caregivers with home-based palliative care in the Federal State of North Rhine Westphalia, Germany. We administered the Stressful Caregiving Adult Reactions to Experiences of Dying (SCARED) Scale. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models relating general health (SF-36) were used to analyze the data.
Results
The frequency of the caregiver’s exposure, or witness of, critical health events of the patient ranged from 95.2% “pain/discomfort” to 20.8% “family caregiver thought patient was dead”. The highest distress scores assessing fear and helpfulness were associated with “family caregiver felt patient had enough’” and “family caregiver thought patient was dead”. Linear regression analyses revealed significant inverse associations between SCARED critical health event exposure frequency (beta = .408, p = .025) and total score (beta = .377, p = .007) with general health in family caregivers.
Conclusions
Family caregivers with home-based palliative care in Germany frequently experience exposure to a large number of critical health events in caring for their family members who are terminally ill. These exposures are associated with the family caregiver’s degree of fear and helplessness and are associated with their worse general health. Thus the SCARED Scale, which is brief and easy to administer, appears able to identify these potentially upsetting critical health events among family caregivers of palliative care patients receiving care at home. Because it identified commonly encountered critical events in these patients and related them to adverse general health of family caregivers, the SCARED may add to clinically useful screens to identify family caregivers who may be struggling.
Rationale:
Dance as an intense kind of performance is associated with high loads on the musculoskeletal system. In particular, the lower limb is exposed to these high loads, which is reported by a high prevalence. Most dancers are affected by injuries during their careers, most in the lower limb. Typical risk factors for dancers include the compensatory turnout, hypermobility, and core stability. The correlation between these factors and lower limb injuries is not fully understood.
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between lower limb injuries and the risk factors compensated turnout, hypermobility and core stability. Based on these results, hypotheses can be generated for further studies.
Methods:
This explorative pilot study was conducted at Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences. All eligible participants were scheduled for a single research appointment if they fulfilled the inclusion criteria of dance experience (ballet, modern, contemporary or jazz) at least one year with dance lessons of at least 5 hours per week. Parameters for the correlation analysis were (1) core stability, measured by the motor control tests battery proposed by Luomajoki, (2) hypermobility, measured by the Beighton Score (3) compensated turnout, measured by the difference between functional turnout and external rotation of both hips, (4) dance hours per week, (5) dance experience in years, (6) professional dance experience in years and (7) dance style (ballet, modern, contemporary, jazz). These parameters were correlated with the numbers of lower limb injuries. Significance level was set at 90% because of the explorative character of the study with the purpose to generate hypotheses.
Results:
Sixteen female dancers with different levels of dance experience (mean 11.3 years) and dance lessons per week (mean 17.6 hours) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and participated in this study. Significant correlations with the numbers of lower limb injuries were found at core stability (rs=0.489, p=0.034, medium effect), dance hours per week (rs=0.459, p=0.048, medium effect) and professional dance experience in years (rs=0.396, p=0.093, medium effect). Two dance styles (modern dance: rs=0.388, p=0.101 and contemporary dance: rs=0.385, p=0.104) were close to the significance level.
Conclusions:
These results show correlations between core stability, dance hours per week, professional dance experience in years and lower limb injuries in dancers.
Due to the limitations of a small and heterogeneous sample size as well as the medium effects, these results should be interpreted with caution, but may provide a basis for further research to this topic in the field of dance research and can be helpful in generating research hypotheses.
Hintergrund:
Das Delir stellt die häufigste akute neuropsychiatrische Störung im Alter dar, dessen Inzidenz auf Intensivstationen laut Studienergebnissen von 20 bis 80 % reicht. Die Mortalitätsrate ist bedeutend höher im Vergleich zu nicht-Betroffenen. Des Weiteren führt das Delir zu häufigeren Komplikationen, einer längeren Liegedauer und einer längeren Be-atmungsdauer. Es ist bekannt, dass die Risiken und Folgeschäden zunehmen, je länger sich das Delir manifestiert.
Methodisches Vorgehen:
Um eine optimale pflegerische Versorgung für den Fall zu konzi-pieren, bedient man sich dem Prozess der Bildformung aus der Hermeneutik. Er ermöglicht die Deutung des Krankheitsgeschehens Delir im Kontext des Falles. Die Schritte der Bildformung führen zu einem handlungsorientierten Ergebnis und ermöglichen die Entwicklung der geeignetsten Interventionen. Dies erfolgt mittels einer Literatur- und Studienrecherche in den Suchmaschinen Scinos, Google Scholar und den Datenbanken Cochrane, CINAHL und Pubmed.
Ergebnisse:
Das Delir wurde mittels der CAM-ICU manifestiert und die Pflegediagnose Akute Verwirrtheit bestätigt. Die Interventionsansätze zur Behandlung von Menschen mit Verwir-rung nach Wolanin und Philipps (1981) dienen als Grundlage zur Interventionsauswahl. Die Interventionen fokussieren den Wiedergewinn der Kontrolle, die Milieugestaltung, die Stimulation der Sinneswahrnehmung und die Sicherheit für den Menschen.
Schlussfolgerungen:
Zur Delirbehandlung ist die Erfassung der präzipitierenden und prädisponierenden Faktoren von großer Bedeutung. Dennoch reicht die alleinige Ursachenbeseitigung nicht, sondern es sollte ein ganzheitlicher Ansatz gewählt werden. Dabei kann die Orientierung an Interventionsansätzen eine gute Stütze sein. Es ist bekannt, dass das Pflegepersonal noch immer ein Wissensdefizit aufweist, das behoben werden muss, um eine frühest-mögliche Erkennung und Behandlung des Delirs zu garantieren.
Talent scarcity in emerging economies such as India poses challenges for companies. Limited labour market participation among well-educated women has been observed. The reasons that professionals decide not to pursue a further corporate career remain unclear. By investigating their career decision making, this handout summerizes research results from a study that aims to highlight the contextual factors that impact those decisions.
Following a qualitative research design interviews with internationally experienced Indian business professionals show that rebellion against Indian societal and family expectations is essential to following a career path, especially for women. The current institutional framework of society and organizations serves as a legitimizing façade veiling traditional practices that hinder females’ careers.
Climate change is the biggest social challenge facing the globalised world. The aim of this paper is to investigate the requirements for governance structures in regional sustainability programmes against climate change.
The study is an explorative case study. It is based on a literature review and expert interviews. It also involves the participatory observation of working groups meetings, and a design thinking workshop.
In spite of their enormous importance, little is known about the institutional conditions of the regional governance of climate change projects in Germany.
For this reason, the research project focuses on the important aspect of networking and governance structures. Consequently, the investigation will contribute to answering the question of which institutional framework conditions can raise the likelihood of climate change projects having a sustainable effect.
The outcomes of the application
This research has not only practical implications for the single case. The exploration of the critical factors of success also offers other regions important food for thought in shaping their governance structures. In particular, the design thinking process and the business network in the District of Steinfurt offer valuable points of reference.
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit sollen anhand der PEFA Bewertung, welche im Jahr 2018 stattfand
und die Qualität des öffentlichen Finanzmanagements der Stadt Osnabrück auf Grundlage von internationalen Standards darstellt, Handlungsempfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Transparenz erarbeitet werden. Die entwickelten Maßnahmen sollen den Grundsätzen der Open Government Partnership entsprechen und die Weiterentwicklung der Stadt Osnabrück,
insbesondere im Bereich der Transparenz, unterstützen. Sie sind somit dem übergeordneten
Begriff Open Data zuzuordnen. Um Handlungsempfehlungen zu erarbeiten, werden aus den insgesamt 31 Leistungsindikatoren mit den verschiedenen Dimensionen, die bewertet wurden, diejenigen ausgesucht, welche schlechter als A bewertet wurden. Die gesamten 31 Leistungsindikatoren wurden im Jahr 2018 von A bis D auf einer vierstufigen Ordinalskala bemessen. Anhand der Leistungsindikatoren, die Verbesserungsbedarf aufweisen, werden Maßnahmen entwickelt, die sowohl die Bewertung der Stadt Osnabrück in der PEFA-Analyse verbessern, als auch die Transparenz, das Bürgerengagement und die Modernisierung der Verwaltung im Mindesten unterstützen, wenn nicht sogar verbessern.
Despite normal neurological bedside and electrodiagnostic, some patients with non-specific neck arm pain (NSNAP) have heightened nerve mechanosensitivity upon neurodynamic testing [1, 2]. It remains however unclear whether this is associated with a minor nerve injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential differences in somatosensory function among patients with unilateral NSNAP with and without positive neurodynamic tests and healthy controls.
Quantitative sensory testing was performed in 40 patients with unilateral NSNAP; 23 with positive upper limb neurodynamic tests (ULNTPOS) and 17 with negative neurodynamic tests (ULNTNEG). The protocol comprised thermal and mechanical detection and pain thresholds as well as mechanical pain sensitivity, wind-up ratio and dynamic mechanical allodynia. All parameters were measured in the maximal pain area on the affected side as well as over the corresponding area on the unaffected side. Symptom severity, functional deficits, psychological parameters, quality of life and sleep disturbance were also recorded.
Fifty-seven percent of patients with NSNAP had positive neurodynamic tests despite normal bedside neurological integrity tests and nerve conduction parameters. Clinical profiles did not differ between patient groups. Somatosensory profiling revealed a more pronounced loss of function phenotype in ULNTPOS patients compared to healthy controls. Hyperalgesia (cold, heat and pressure pain) was present bilaterally in both NSNAP group. The ULNTNEG subgroup represented an intermediate phenotype between ULNTPOS patients and healthy controls in both thermal and pressure pain thresholds as well as mechanical detection thresholds.
In conclusion, heightened nerve mechanosensitivity was present in over half of patients with NSNAP. Our data suggest that NSNAP presents as a spectrum with some patients showing signs suggestive of a minor nerve dysfunction.
[1] Elvey RL. Physical evaluation of the peripheral nervous system in disorders of pain and dysfunction. J Hand Ther 1997;10:122-129.
[2] van der Heide B, Bourgoin C, Eils G, Garnevall B, Blackmore M. Test-retest reliability and face validity of a modified neural tissue provocation test in patients with cervicobrachial pain syndrome. J Man Manip Ther 2006;14:30-36.
Relationship of QST measures between low back and leg sites in people with radicular leg pain
(2019)
Background and Aims
Clinicians and researchers often rely on altered neurological integrity tests in the leg to identify radicular pain, however neurological integrity is often not tested in the low back region even in the presence of pain in this region. There have been suggestions that the low back pain itself could be neuropathic in nature in some patients (Baron et al., 2016). This study aims to explore the relationship between quantitative sensory testing (QST) measures in the leg and low back in participants with radicular leg pain to consider if sensory testing should be performed in both areas in clinical practice.
Methods
13 participants (mean age 48.2 SD 13.8, gender (female) 8) with radicular leg pain were recruited from National Health Service spinal clinics in the UK. After assessment with the clinician, a full QST profile was taken from each participant’s affected leg and low back. Z scores were calculated using data from age matched healthy controls. Correlations using Pearson’s if the data was normally distributed or Kendall’s Tau-b if not, were undertaken between QST scores of the low back and leg. Paired t tests or Mann Whitney tests were performed to assess differences in QST scores between the leg and low back regions.
Results
There were no significant correlations (P>0.05) in any of the QST measures between the leg and the low back regions. However, only vibration detection threshold measures showed statistically significant differences between the leg and low back (p<0.001), with the low back region showing greater loss of function (mean -2.84) than the leg (mean -0.61).
Conclusions
Significantly lower vibration thresholds were found in the back compared to the leg. This may suggest some alteration in posterior primary ramus large diameter afferent nerve function, and indicate that the low back pain itself may indeed have a neuropathic component. Our findings suggest that sensory testing of the lumbar spine may be advisable in this group of individuals. The small sample size means that these results must be taken with some caution, however these results warrant further investigation in people with radicular leg pain.
Background:
The evaluation of somatosensory dysfunction is important for diagnostics and may also have implications for prognosis and management. The current standard to evaluate somatosensory dysfunction is quantitative sensory testing (QST), which is expensive and time consuming. This study describes a low-cost and time-efficient clinical sensory test battery (CST), and evaluates its concurrent validity compared to QST.
Method: Three patient cohorts with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS, n=86), non-specific neck and arm pain (NSNAP, n=40) and lumbar radicular pain/radiculopathy (LR n=26) were included. The CST consisted of 13 tests, each corresponding to a QST parameter and evaluating a broad spectrum of sensory functions using mechanical and thermal detection and pain thresholds and testing both loss and gain of function. Agreement rate, significance and strength of correlation between CST and QST were calculated.
Results: Several CST parameters (cold and warm detection, cold pain, mechanical detection, mechanical pain for loss of function, pressure pain) were significantly correlated with QST, with a majority demonstrating >60% agreement rates and weak to relatively strong correlations. However, agreement varied among cohorts. Gain of function parameters showed stronger correlation in the CTS and NSNAP cohort, whereas loss of function parameters performed better in the LR cohort. Other CST parameters (vibration detection, heat pain, mechanical pain for gain of function, windup ratio) did not significantly correlate with QST.
Conclusion: Some, but not all tests in the CST battery can detect somatosensory dysfunction as determined with QST. The CST battery may perform better when the somatosensory phenotype is more pronounced.
Zukunft Lebensraum Stadt - Urbane AgriKultur als Beitrag zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung der Stadt
(2019)
Der Binnenforschungsschwerpunkt Zukunft Lebensraum Stadt – Urbane AgriKultur als Beitrag zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung der Stadt wurde 2014 an der Hochschule Osnabrück gegründet.
Die fachübergreifende Arbeitsgruppe untersuchte, wie urbane Agrikultur eine nachhaltige, resiliente und soziale Entwicklung von Städten und Stadtregionen befördern kann. Dabei kamen unterschiedliche Perspektiven zusammen: die Entwicklung neuer städtischer Räume, die Sicherung natürlicher Ressourcen und Biodiversität, die ressourceneffiziente Erzeugung qualitativ hochwertiger Produkte, die Beziehungen zwischen Wertschöpfung und Konsumierenden sowie das Verständnis der Akteursgruppen und ihrer Netzwerke. Der Fokus lag vor allem auf innovativen Projekten und Produktionsansätzen sowie auf Institutionen, die sozial-ökologische und wirtschaftliche Motive miteinander verbinden. Die Arbeit des Binnenforschungsschwerpunkts war durch das Zusammenspiel aus mehreren Fachgebieten und durch einen praxisorientierten Anwendungsbezug gekennzeichnet. Diese transdisziplinäre Herangehensweise ermöglichte es der Arbeitsgruppe, vielfältige Forschungsvorhaben und praxisorientierte Projekte zu entwickeln.
Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung dokumentiert die Arbeit des Binnenforschungsschwerpunkts Urbane AgriKultur. Sie gibt einen Einblick in die Forschungsthemen, reflektiert die interdisziplinäre Arbeit und stellt die Ergebnisse sowie die einzelnen Projekte dar. Darüber hinaus dokumentiert sie die Tagungen, Veröffentlichungen und studentischen Arbeiten, die im Rahmen des Binnenforschungsschwerpunkts entstanden sind.
The interdisciplinary research project TiP.De - Theatre in Dementia Health Care aims at identifying the effects of theatre pedagogy on quality of life of people with dementia in two German nursing homes.
The mixed-methods intervention study measures cognitive impairment, quality of life in daily living and agitation in a pre-post-comparison, as well as emotional reactions during the theatre pedagogical interventions of the participants.
The intervention is expected to have a positive impact on cognitive impairment, quality of life, agitation and relationship between the participants and the assisting nursing home staff. Further data analysis will show correlations between specific items.
The results and the theatre pedagogy concept for people with dementia will be published, so that theatre pedagogues are able to implement the concept in other nursing homes. The nursing situation, communication and work experience of nurses, as well as quality of life of people with dementia are going to be positively affected.
Klimaschutzbericht 2019
(2019)
Der CO2-Fußabdruck der Hochschule Osnabrück hat sich in den vergangenen zehn Jahren um 69 Prozent verkleinert: Wenn Sie den Klimaschutzbericht der Hochschule Osnabrück aufschlagen, ist dies eine der einleitenden, zentralen Botschaften. Erstmals gibt die Hochschule die Publikation heraus, die auf 20 Seiten mit eindrucksvollen Grafiken, Texten und Bildern unser Engagement für den Klimaschutz darstellt. Der Bericht, erstellt vom Klimaschutzmanagement, führt die bisher erreichten Erfolge in der CO2-Einsparung und Energiereduktion aus den Bereichen Wärme- und Stromversorgung auf. Zudem finden Sie eine Auflistung getätigter Maßnahmen, auch im Bereich Mobilität, und die dadurch eingesparten CO2-Emissionen.
Das Qualitätsmanagement ist im Bibliothekswesen angekommen. Seit mehr als 20 Jahren wird das Thema in der Community bewegt; zahlreiche Öffentliche und Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken haben die Implementierungsphase bereits hinter sich gebracht und arbeiten mit verschiedenen QM- Modellen – von der ISO 9001 über etwaige Total Quality-Management-Systeme bis hin zur Nutzung eigener, bibliotheksspezifischer Qualitätssiegel. Doch mit der Einführung eines Qualitätsmanagementsystems ist es häufig nicht getan. Im Gegenteil: Es muss beständig evaluiert werden. Und wer eine Zertifizierung anstrebt, ist nach den Vorgaben vieler Systeme sogar verpflichtet, sogenannte interne Überprüfungen oder Audits durchzuführen. Da jedoch »Prüfen« oder »geprüft werden« nach menschlichem Empfinden nicht selten negativ besetzt ist, ja sogar mit Ängsten verknüpft sein kann, werden die Lernchancen für die Organisation, die das interne Auditieren bietet, häufig nicht erkannt. Dabei gewähren gerade kreative Auditmethoden interessante Möglichkeiten zur Förderung einer entspannteren Lern- und Fehlerkultur in der Organisation.
The Internet of Things (IoT) relies on sensor devices to measure real-world phenomena in order to provide IoT services. The sensor readings are shared with multiple entities, such as IoT services, other IoT devices or other third parties. The collected data may be sensitive and include personal information. To protect the privacy of the users, the data needs to be protected through an encryption algorithm. For sharing cryptographic cipher-texts with a group of users Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) is well suited, as it does not require to create group keys. However, the creation of ABE cipher-texts is slow when executed on resource constraint devices, such as IoT sensors. In this paper, we present a modification of an ABE scheme, which not only allows to encrypt data efficiently using ABE, but also reduces the size of the cipher-text, that must be transmitted by the sensor. We also show how our modification can be used to realise an instantaneous key revocation mechanism.
The Osnabrueck University of Applied Sciences has initiated a project to investigate whether and how dual study programs or even elements of it can be integrated into South African university study programs. The present part of the investigation presents the expert assessments of the demands and requirements for dual study programs and, based on a company survey, the existing level of information.
The significance of dual study programs in South Africa is still low, only a few company specific approaches exist, mostly in internationally operating companies. Nevertheless, closer cooperation and more company orientated learning is required. The willingness to participate in dual study programs was confirmed from all surveyed companies. Dual courses seems to be particularly suitable for technical disciplines, but are also suitable for some business courses.
Stadtentwicklung ist ein lebendiger Prozess, an dem viele Institutionen und Akteursgruppen beteiligt sind. Das Projekt „Urbane Interventionen“ hatte das Ziel, Menschen zum aktiven Gestalten mit und in der eigenen Nachbarschaft anzuregen. Stadtteilwerkstätten und künstlerische Interventionen ließen dabei alltägliche Orte in einem anderen Licht erscheinen und veranschaulichten lebenswerte Stadträume. In dem ergebnisoffenen Prozess zwischen Partizipation und Kunst entstanden Ideen für Veränderungen im Stadtteil, die gemeinsam mit den Beteiligten umgesetzt wurden.
Das Buch „Impulse für lebenswerte Stadträume – Urbane Interventionen in Osnabrück“ dokumentiert und reflektiert die Projektergebnisse im fachlichen Kontext und gibt praktische Handlungsempfehlungen, die zum Nachahmen anregen. Dahinter steht die Vision einer solidarischen und lebenswerten Stadt, die offen für alle ist und an deren Entwicklung möglichst viele mitwirken.
Am 21.3.2018 hat die Europäische Kommission den Vorschlag für eine Richtlinie zum gemeinsamen System einer Digitalsteuer auf Erträge aus der Erbringung bestimmter digitaler Dienstleistungen und den Vorschlag für eine Richtlinie zur Festlegung von Vorschriften für die Unternehmensbesteuerung einer signifikanten digitalen Präsenz vorgelegt. Diese befassen sich insbesondere mit einer Digital Service Tax (DST) sowie der digitalen Betriebsstätte. Nach Ansicht der Kommission soll durch diese Maßnahmen gewährleistet werden, dass die Besteuerung von digitalen Geschäftstätigkeiten in der EU gerecht und wachstumsfreundlich erfolgt. Der Entwurf wurde von der Fachwelt von Anfang an kritisch aufgenommen und in der Folgezeit von verschiedenen Experten kontrovers diskutiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet
den derzeitigen Stand der Erörterungen und widmet sich unter anderen den aktuellen Stellungnahmen des Wissenschaftlichen Beirates beim Bundesministeriums der Finanzen, des ifo-Institutes und des IDW. Weiter werden Reaktionen aus der Wirtschaft und eine erste Liste mit potenziell von einer Digitalsteuer betroffenen Unternehmen aufgegriffen.