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Institute
Performance Management
(2013)
Der Artikel beschreibt die methodische Herangehensweise und die zentralen Ergebnisse einer Studie zum Wirkungsgefüge von existenziell belastenden Situationen von Pflegekräften in kirchlichen Einrichtungen und zu den Ressourcen, die ihnen bei der Bewältigung helfen, insbesondere spirituellen Ressourcen. Dabei wird das für diese Studie entwickelte Repertory-Grid-gestützte narrative Interview vorgestellt und der Nut-zen dieser Methode anhand des Vorgehens und der Ergebnisse erläutert.
Spiritualität als Mittel zur Bewältigung schwieriger Pflegesituationen in kirchlichen Einrichtungen
(2013)
In der Untersuchung wird geprüft, ob in kirchlichen Einrichtungen tätige Pflegekräfte zur Bewältigung emotional schwieriger Situationen neben den bekannten Mitteln auch Religiosität und/ oder Spiritualität als Ressource oder Bewältigungsstrategie im Sinne des arbeitspsychologischen Belastungskonzepts nutzen. Sowohl die Erfahrung von Spiritualität als auch ihre Nutzung ist sprachlicher Explizierung nur schwer zugänglich, so dass qualitative Repertory-Grid-Erhebungen die narrativen Interviews unterstützten. Es werden unterschiedliche, auch spirituelle Ressourcen und Bewältigungsstrategien identifiziert und ihre Wirkungsweise beschrieben.
Die Umsetzung eines inklusiven Bildungsangebotes in frühpädagogischen
Einrichtungen ist eines der zentralen Themen in der aktuellen Debatte um die Konzeptentwicklung
in Kindertageseinrichtungen. Die Forschungsnotiz stellt eine Studie vor, die die Umsetzung
von inklusiver Bildung in Kindertageseinrichtungen in Niedersachsen in den Blick nimmt. Sie
beschreibt auf den Ebenen Person, Konzept und Struktur Umsetzungsprobleme aus Sicht der
beteiligten Personen. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Lösungsansätze für die Realisierung eines
frühkindlichen inklusiven Bildungsangebotes entwickelt. Eine besondere Rolle spielen in dieser
Studie Fragen zur Organisationsgestaltung und Personalentwicklung. Ziel ist es, durch Inklusion
bedingte Veränderungen von Arbeitsanforderungen und -bedingungen zu analysieren und daraus
konzeptionelle Empfehlungen für die Organisations- und Personalentwicklung zu entwickeln.
Hintergrund und Fragestellung:
Die Art und Intensität der Unterstützung während der Geburt wird international unterschiedlich ausgestaltet. Dies liegt an unterschiedlichen Traditionen, Kulturen, Gesetzen sowie an der Finanzierbarkeit dieser Leistung. Darüber hinaus haben sich die Betreuungsinhalte im letzten Jahrhundert durch den Übergang von der Hausgeburtshilfe zur Krankenhausgeburtshilfe verändert. Mit der medizinischen Weiterentwicklung traten technische Aspekte sowie die Überwachung der Gebärenden in den Vordergrund. In Krankenhäusern wird eine steigende Arbeitsbelastung dokumentiert (IQWIG 2006) und die Qualitätsberichte weisen zunehmende Sectioraten und eine Zunahme von Periduralanästhesien aus (AQUA 2011). Ein Grund für die Entwicklung kann eine fehlende kontinuierliche Betreuung der Gebärenden sein. Internationale Studien betonen die Bedeutung einer Eins-zu-eins-Betreuung und einer kontinuierlichen Unterstützung während der Geburt für ein verbessertes Geburtsergebnis (Hodnett et al. 2011). Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll die Bedeutung der Eins-zu-eins-Betreuung im internationalen Kontext beschreiben und die Übertragbarkeit der internationalen Ergebnisse auf deutsche Verhältnisse in der Geburtshilfe prüfen.
Methodik:
Eine systematische Literaturrecherche wurde in 12/2012 durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse:
Eine kontinuierliche Unterstützung während der Geburt führt zu einem Absenken der Interventionsraten. Ergebnisse internationaler Studien können nur bedingt auf deutsche Verhältnisse übertragen werden, da sich die Versorgungsstrukturen und die Zuständigkeiten, der an der Geburtshilfe maßgeblich beteiligten Professionen, unterscheiden.
Diskussion:
Eine professionelle Betreuung und emotionale Unterstützung kann eine wirksame Unterstützung für die Gebärende sein und eine Fragmentierung der Betreuung im Kreißsaal verhindern. Die finanziellen und organisatorischen Rahmenbedingungen für eine Eins-zu-eins-Betreuung während der Geburt sollten ausgestaltet werden.
Schlussfolgerung:
In Deutschland sollten Studien durchgeführt werden, um die Effektivität der Eins-zu-eins Betreuung zu evaluieren.
Fairness and Team Efficiency
(2013)
This study applies to the perception of fairness during teamwork. Students were assigned to work groups by lot and were instructed to prepare a course presentation. Groups were given no guidelines relating to allocation of tasks, but each group was graded as a whole. Since a real grade was given in a non-simulated experiment, it was possible to determine team efficiency, work satisfaction, and perception of fairness via a subsequent study. Results show a strong influence of fairness on team efficiency.
In seinem Urteil vom 19.9.2012 – IV R 45/09 hatte der BFH über die Bilanzierung von Gutscheinen, die einen Anspruch auf eine Preisermäßigung im folgenden Jahr beinhalten, zu entscheiden. Nach der Entscheidung des BFH vom 19.9.2012 – IV R 45/09 sind für Gutscheine, die einen Anspruch auf eine Preisermäßigung im folgenden Jahr beinhalten, im Jahr der Ausgabe keine Rückstellungen zu passivieren. Ebenfalls darf keine Verbindlichkeit bilanziert werden. Auch die Bilanzierung eines passiven Rechnungsabgrenzungspostens ist nicht möglich.
Soziale Ungleichheit wird in Deutschland vor allem dann thematisiert, wenn es um Bildungschancen oder die Gewährleistung sozialer Grundsicherung geht. Politisch herrscht weitgehend Einigkeit darüber, dass in diesen Bereichen Handlungsbedarf besteht, um der Bevölkerung möglichst gleiche Lebensvoraussetzungen zu ermöglichen. Im Pflegesektor stehen entsprechende Überlegungen noch aus. Hier fehlt es an wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen zur Thematik. Der stetige Anstieg der Pflegebedürftigkeit wird eine Auseinandersetzung mit sozialer Ungleichheit in der Pflege jedoch notwendig machen, was die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellten Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Untersuchung auf der Basis von 16 Interviews mit Pflegekräften ambulanter Pflegedienste verdeutlichen. Das Ergebnis zeigt zum einen, dass sich viele pflegebedürftige Menschen zahlreichen Anforderungen stellen müssen, die allein kaum zu bewältigen sind und sie in eine sozial benachteiligte Lage drängen. Zum anderen nehmen ambulant Pflegende soziale Ungleichheit immer häufiger wahr, was sie nicht nur moralisch belastet, sondern auch ihren Arbeitsalltag negativ beeinflusst.
Detection and resolution of conflicting change operations in version management of process models
(2013)
Version management of process models requires that different versions of process models are integrated by applying change operations. Conflict detection between individually applied change operations and conflict resolution support are integral parts of version management. For conflict detection it is utterly important to compute a precise set of conflicts, since the minimization of the number of detected conflicts also reduces the overhead for merging different process model versions. As not every syntactic conflict leads to a conflict when taking into account model semantics, a computation of conflicts solely on the syntax leads to an unnecessary high number of conflicts. Moreover, even the set of precisely computed conflicts can be extensive and their resolution means a significant workload for a user. As a consequence, adequate support is required that guides a user through the resolution process and suggests possible resolution strategies for individual conflicts. In this paper, we introduce the notion of syntactic and semantic conflicts for change operations of process models. We provide a method how to efficiently compute conflicts precisely, using a term formalization of process models and consider the subsequent resolution of the detected conflicts based on different strategies. Using this approach, we can significantly reduce the number of overall conflicts and reduce the amount of work for the user when resolving conflicts.
Zeitschrift für Hebammenwissenschaft (Journal of Midwifery Science) Band/Jahrgang: 01/2013 Heft: 02
49
Stellungnahmen
in Sweden. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 144(10), 1208-1214.
86 Crowther, C.A., Dodd, J.M., Hiller, J.E. et al. (2012). Planned Vaginal Birth or Elective Repeat Caesarean: Patient Preference Restricted Cohort with Nested Randomised Trial. PLoS Med 9(3): e1001192. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001192
87 Dodd, J.M., Crowther, C.A., Huertas, E., Guise, J.M. & Horey, D. (2009). Planned elective repeat caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for women with a previous caesarean birth (Review). The Cochrane Library. http://www.thecochranelibrary.com (Stand: 13.02.2013)
88 Knape, N. (2010). Sectio versus Spontangeburt: ökonomische Aspekte. Die Hebamme, 23(3), 176-182.
89 Matterne, A. (2012). Entscheidungsfindung von schwangeren Frauen nach vorangegangenem Kaiserschnitt bezüglich der Wahl ihres bevorstehenden Geburtsmodus. Eine hermeneu-tisch-interpretative Analyse problemzentrierter Interviews. Unveröffentlichte Masterthesis. Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg.
Autorinnen:
Andrea Matterne MSc, in Zusammenarbeit mit Dr. rer. medic. Gertrud M. Ayerle, Diplom Kauffrau (FH) Nina Knape und Dr. rer. medic. Rain-hild Schäfers
im Auftrag der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hebammenwissenschaft e.V. (DGHWi)
Stellungnahme zur Umsetzung des Deutschen Qualifikationsrahmens für lebenslangen Lernen (DQR) und der Zuordnung des Berufsabschlusses von Hebammen
Stellungnahme der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hebammenwissenschaft e. V.
10.10.2013
Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hebammenwissenschaft e.V. (DGHWi) verfolgt die Entwicklung rund um den Deutschen Qualifi-kationsrahmen für lebenslanges Lernen (DQR) mit großem Interes-se. Die DGHWi begrüßt die mit Stand vom 1.5.2013 vereinbarte Zurückstellung der Zuordnung der bundesrechtlich geregelten Ge-sundheitsfachberufe. Die ursprünglich geplante Zuordnung des Hebammenberufs auf DQR Niveaustufe 4 wird als unvereinbar mit der hohen Anforderungsstruktur der Qualifikation der Berufsgruppe betrachtet. Darüber hinaus ist diese Zuordnung nicht mit der zuneh-menden Qualifizierung von Berufsangehörigen auf tertiärem Bil-dungsniveau vereinbar. Die DGHWi plädiert mit Nachdruck für eine Höherstufung der derzeitigen beruflichen Erstqualifikation von Heb-ammen* an Berufsfachschulen auf DQR Niveau 5 und fordert wie-derholt die komplette Anhebung der Hebammenausbildung auf Bachelorniveau, das der Qualifikationsstufe 6 im DQR entspricht.
Hintergrund/ Antrag der Bundestagsfraktionen vom 08.11.2011:
Von den Fraktionen CDU/CSU, FDP, SPD und Die Linke wurde am 08.11.2011 ein Entschließungsantrag an den Deutschen Bundestag eingereicht, der sich gegen eine Anhebung der schulischen Anfor-derungen als Zugang zur Ausbildung in der allgemeinen Gesund-heits- und Krankenpflege sowie zur Hebamme/ Entbindungspfleger von zehn auf zwölf Schuljahre ausspricht. Begründet wird der An-trag mit der hohen Qualität der Ausbildung in diesen Bereichen, die eine Anhebung der Zugangsvoraussetzungen nach Ansicht der Antragsteller überflüssig macht. Zudem würde durch die Anhebung der schulischen Anforderungen der Kreis der potenziellen Bewerbe-rinnen und Bewerber eingeschränkt und dadurch der Fachkräfte-mangel in der Pflege verschärft. Der Antrag wurde am 9.11.2011 im Ausschuss „Gesundheit“ des Bundestages verabschiedet.
Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags stehen Bedarfsgerechtigkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit der Verteilung sprachtherapeutischer Ressourcen aus gesundheitsökonomischer Perspektive. Einleitend werden Grundlagen, Ziele und Methoden der Gesundheitsökonomie skizziert. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung der sprachtherapeutischen Versorgungssituation in Deutschland werden Entwicklungsperspektiven formuliert. In 5 abschließenden Thesen heben die Autoren disparate Versorgungslagen und Gefahren sprachtherapeutischer Unter- und Überversorgung hervor. Um langfristig eine bedarfsgerechte und wirtschaftliche Versorgung zu gewährleisten, sind verlässliche, empirische gestützte Informationen zum Versorgungsbedarf sowie zur Quantität, Qualität und Effizienz logopädischer Interventionen erforderlich.
Die Zukunft ist elektronisch
(2013)
Eine Studie der Hochschule Osnabrück zeigt: Der elektronische Pflegebericht ist in der Lage, alle für Pflegende relevanten patientenbezogenen Daten zu transportieren. Zugleich schafft er viele neue Möglichkeiten, Informationen weiterzugeben. Insgesamt lassen sich wesentlich mehr und detailliertere Informationen übermitteln als bislang über Papier.
Background: Continuous improvements of IT-performance in healthcare organisations require actionable performance indicators, regularly conducted, independent measurements and meaningful and scalable reference groups. Existing IT-benchmarking initiatives have focussed on the development of reliable and valid indicators, but less on the questions about how to implement an environment for conducting easily repeatable and scalable IT-benchmarks.
Objectives: This study aims at developing and trialling a procedure that meets the afore-mentioned requirements.
Methods: We chose a well established, regularly conducted (inter-) national IT-survey of healthcare organisations (IT-Report Healthcare) as the environment and offered the participants of the 2011 survey (CIOs of hospitals) to enter a benchmark. The 61 structural and functional performance indicators covered among others the implementation status and integration of IT-systems and functions, global user satisfaction and the resources of the IT-department. Healthcare organisations were grouped by size and ownership. The benchmark results were made available electronically and feedback on the use of these results was requested after several months.
Results: Fifty-ninehospitals participated in the benchmarking. Reference groups consisted of up to 141 members depending on the number of beds (size) and the ownership (public vs. private). A total of 122 charts showing single indicator frequency views were sent to each participant. The evaluation showed that 94.1% of the CIOs who participated in the evaluation considered this benchmarking beneficial and reported that they would enter again. Based on the feedback of the participants we developed two additional views that provide a more consolidated picture.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate that establishing an independent, easily repeatable and scalable IT-benchmarking procedure is possible and was deemed desirable. Based on these encouraging results a new benchmarking round which includes process indicators is currently conducted.
Introduction: Establishing continuity of care in handovers at changes of shift is a challenging endeavor that is jeopardized by time pressure and errors typically occurring during synchronous communication. Only if the outgoing and incoming persons manage to collaboratively build a common ground for the next steps of care is it possible to ensure a proper continuation. Electronic systems, in particular electronic patient record systems, are powerful providers of information but their actual use might threaten achieving a common understanding of the patient if they force clinicians to work asynchronously. In order to gain a deeper understanding of communication failures and how to overcome them, we performed a systematic review of the literature, aiming to answer the following four research questions: (1a) What are typical errors and (1b) their consequences in handovers? (2) How can they be overcome by conventional strategies and instruments? (3) electronic systems? (4) Are there any instruments to support collaborative grounding?
Methods: We searched the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, and COCHRANE for articles on handovers in general and in combination with the terms electronic record systems and grounding that covered the time period of January 2000 to May 2012.
Results: The search led to 519 articles of which 60 were then finally included into the review. We found a sharp increase in the number of relevant studies starting with 2008. As could be documented by 20 studies that addressed communication errors, omission of detailed patient information including anticipatory guidance during handovers was the greatest problem. This deficiency could be partly overcome by structuring and systematizing the information, e.g. according to Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation schema (SBAR), and by employing electronic tools integrated in electronic records systems as 23 studies on conventional and 22 articles on electronic systems showed. Despite the increase in quantity and quality of the information achieved, it also became clear that there was still the unsolved problem of anticipatory guidance and presenting “the full story” of the patient. Only a small number of studies actually addressed how to establish common ground with the help of electronic tools.
Discussion: The increase in studies manifests the rise of great interest in the handover scenario. Electronic patient record systems proved to be excellent information feeders to handover tools, but their role in collaborative grounding is unclear. Concepts of how to move to joint information processing and IT-enabled social interaction have to be implemented and tested.
Talent mit Tücken
(2013)
There is clinical evidence that cervical lateral glide (CLG) improves neurodynamics and alleviates pain in patients who suffer from neurogenic arm pain. Cervical lateral flexion (CLF) is also a treatment method and a means of testing neurodynamics. However, for both techniques nerve movement has not yet been investigated using ultrasound imaging (US). The purpose of this study was to quantify median nerve movement in the arm during CLG and CLF. For this study 27 healthy participants were recruited. Longitudinal movement of the median nerve was measured using US during CLG and CLF with the shoulder in 30° abduction in the middle and distal forearm (Fad). Data could be obtained from 11 participants (6 women and 5 men, average age 25.6 years, ±2.25) at the middle forearm (Fam) and from 9 participants (5 women and 4 men, average age 27.2 years, ±2.75) at the Fad. When applying CLF, the median nerve moved 2.3 mm (SEM ± 0.1 mm) at the Fam. At the same measuring point the median nerve moved 3.3 mm (SEM ± 0.3 mm, p = 0.005) by applying CLG. At the Fad the difference between CLF and CLF amounted to 0.6 mm (CLF: 1.9 mm (SEM ± 0.2 mm, CLG: 2.5 mm (SEM ± 0.2 mm, p ≤ 0.05). The movements during CLG are larger than during CLF. This difference is statistically significant. However, the statistical relevance cannot be extrapolated to a clinical relevance.
Bei 44–65 % aller Schulterbeschwerden ist die Ursache ein multifaktorielles mechanisches Impingement-Syndrom infolge einer Kompression subakromialen Gewebes.
Zervikothorakale und thorakale Manipulationen haben kurzfristig einen positiven Effekt auf die Schmerzen und die Bewegungsfunktionen, die langfristige Wirkung ist jedoch nicht signifikant.
Flickenteppich
(2013)
Pediatric headache is an increasingly reported phenomenon. Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a subgroup of headache, but there is limited information about cervical spine physical examination signs in children with CGH. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was designed to investigate cervical spine physical examination signs including active range of motion (ROM), posture determined by the craniovertebral angle (CVA), and upper cervical ROM determined by the flexion–rotation test (FRT) in children aged between 6 and 12 years. An additional purpose was to determine the degree of pain provoked by the FRT. Thirty children (mean age 120.70 months [SD 15.14]) with features of CGH and 34 (mean age 125.38 months [13.14]) age-matched asymptomatic controls participated in the study. When compared to asymptomatic controls, symptomatic children had a significantly smaller CVA (p < 0.001), significantly less active ROM in all cardinal planes (p < 0.001), and significantly less ROM during the FRT (p < 0.001), especially towards the dominant headache side (p < 0.001). In addition, symptomatic subjects reported more pain during the FRT (p < 0.001) and there was a significant negative correlation (r = −0.758, p < 0.001) between the range recorded during the FRT towards the dominant headache side and FRT pain intensity score. This study found evidence of impaired function of the upper cervical spine in children with CGH and provides evidence of the clinical utility of the FRT when examining children with CGH.
There is evidence that temporomandibular disorder (TMD) may be a contributing factor to cervicogenic headache (CGH), in part because of the influence of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint on the cervical spine. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine whether orofacial treatment in addition to cervical manual therapy, was more effective than cervical manual therapy alone on measures of cervical movement impairment in patients with features of CGH and signs of TMD. In this study, 43 patients (27 women) with headache for more than 3-months and with some features of CGH and signs of TMD were randomly assigned to receive either cervical manual therapy (usual care) or orofacial manual therapy to address TMD in addition to usual care. Subjects were assessed at baseline, after 6 treatment sessions (3-months), and at 6-months follow-up. 38 subjects (25 female) completed all analysis at 6-months follow-up. The outcome criteria were: cervical range of movement (including the C1-2 flexion-rotation test) and manual examination of the upper 3 cervical vertebra. The group that received orofacial treatment in addition to usual care showed significant reduction in all aspects of cervical impairment after the treatment period. These improvements persisted to the 6-month follow-up, but were not observed in the usual care group at any point. These observations together with previous reports indicate that manual therapists should look for features of TMD when examining patients with headache, particularly if treatment fails when directed to the cervical spine.