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Institute
Länderübergreifendes Change Management hat in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Aber lassen sich "westlich" geprägte Vorgehensweisen im Unternehmenswandel als Best-Practice-Ansätze global nutzen oder sind kulturell bedingte Anpassungen notwendig? In einer quantitativen Studie wurden die Bewertungen verschiedener Veränderungsszenarien durch deutsche und südkoreanische Teilnehmer erhoben.
15 δ N signals in plant and soil material integrate over a number of biogeochemical processes
related to nitrogen (N) and therefore provide information on net effects of multiple
processes on N dynamics. In general little is known in many grassland restoration projects
on soil–plant N dynamics in relation to the restoration treatments. In particular, 15 δ N signals
may be a useful tool to assess whether abiotic restoration treatments have produced the
desired result. In this study we used the range of abiotic and biotic conditions provided
by a restoration experiment to assess to whether the restoration treatments and/or plant
functional identity and legume neighborhood affected plant 15 δ N signals. The restoration
treatments consisted of hay transfer and topsoil removal, thus representing increasing
restoration effort, from no restoration measures, through biotic manipulation to major
abiotic manipulation. We measured 15 δ N and %N in six different plant species (two nonlegumes and four legumes) across the restoration treatments. We found that restoration
treatments were clearly reflected in 15 δ N of the non-legume species, with very depleted
15 δ N associated with low soil N, and our results suggest this may be linked to uptake of
ammonium (rather than nitrate). The two non-legume species differed considerably in their
15 δ N signals, which may be related to the two species forming different kinds of mycorrhizal
symbioses. Plant 15 δ N signals could clearly separate legumes from non-legumes, but our
results did not allow for an assessment of legume neighborhood effects on non-legume
15 δ N signals. We discuss our results in the light of what the 15 δ N signals may be telling
us about plant–soil N dynamics and their potential value as an indicator for N dynamics in
restoration.
The biennial plant Gentianella bohemica is a subendemic of the Bohemian Massif, where it occurs in seminatural grasslands. It has become rare in recent decades as a result of profound changes in land use. Using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) fingerprint data, we investigated the genetic structure within and among populations of G. bohemica in Bavaria, the Czech Republic, and the Austrian border region. The aim of our study was (1) to analyze the genetic structure among populations and to discuss these findings in the context of present and historical patterns of connectivity and isolation of populations, (2) to analyze genetic structure among consecutive generations (cohorts of two consecutive years), and (3) to investigate relationships between intrapopulational diversity and effective population size (Ne) as well as plant traits. (1) The German populations were strongly isolated from each other (pairwise FST= 0.29–0.60) and from all other populations (FST= 0.24–0.49). We found a pattern of near panmixis among the latter (FST= 0.15–0.35) with geographical distance explaining only 8% of the genetic variance. These results were congruent with a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and analysis using STRUCTURE to identify genetically coherent groups. These findings are in line with the strong physical barrier and historical constraints, resulting in separation of the German populations from the others. (2) We found pronounced genetic differences between consecutive cohorts of the German populations (pairwise FST= 0.23 and 0.31), which can be explained by local population history (land use, disturbance). (3) Genetic diversity within populations (Shannon index, HSh) was significantly correlated with Ne (RS= 0.733) and reflected a loss of diversity due to several demographic bottlenecks. Overall, we found that the genetic structure in G. bohemica is strongly influenced by historical periods of high connectivity and isolation as well as by marked demographic fluctuations in declining populations.
Die Expertenstandards für die Pflege des Deutschen Netzwerks für Qualitätsentwicklung in der Pflege haben sich mittlerweile als weithin akzeptiertes Instrument für eine evidenzbasierte Pflegepraxis in Deutschland etabliert. Aufgrund ihrer hohen Bedeutung bedarf ihre Entwicklung eines wissenschaftlich fundierten methodischen Vorgehens, durch das sichergestellt ist, dass die Standards jeweils den aktuellen Stand der relevanten Erkenntnisse widerspiegeln. In diesem Beitrag wird ausgeführt, wie sich das methodische Vorgehen zur Entwicklung der Expertenstandards entwickelt hat und welcher Wissensgrundlagen es sich bedient. Es wird herausgearbeitet, dass der Rückgriff auf empirisches Wissen allein nicht ausreichend ist, um Wirksamkeit und Akzeptanz der Standards sicherzustellen. Vielmehr bedarf es der Integration verschiedener Wissensbestände in einem wechselseitigen Prozess, bevor ein Expertenstandard als professionell abgestimmtes Leistungsniveau veröffentlicht werden kann.
Körper und Leib finden in aktuellen humanwissenschaftlichen Diskussionen zunehmend Beachtung, manche Autoren sprechen geradezu von einem „body turn“. In den klassischen us-amerikansichen sowie aktuellen Pflegetheorien findet das Konzept des Körpers hingegen immer weniger Beachtung. Ziel dieser Relektüre ist es, leibphänomenologische Anschlussstellen exemplarisch in Pflegetheorien aufzuspüren, um zukünftige Diskussionen anzuregen.
Der Leib ist auch in der Pflege eine nahezu vergessene Dimension. Leibliche Kommunikation kann das Verständnis der Situation des Patienten verbessern helfen. Im Erleben einer Krankheit wird der Körper problematisch und Patienten ziehen sich von ihm zurück. Leiblich orientierte Pflegeinterventionen können Patienten helfen, ihre leibliche Wahrnehmung zurück zu gewinnen und dadurch auch zu mehr Lebensqualität zu finden.
Pflege als Gesundheitsprofession kann als sehr körpernaher Beruf bezeichnet werden. Im Gegensatz zu dieser Feststellung spielen Fragen von Körper und Leiblichkeit kaum eine Rolle in der pflegewissenschaftlichen Diskussion. In diesem Artikel werden Ergebnisse der Neuen Phänomenologie zur Leiblichkeit vorgestellt und erste Verbindungslinien zu Fragen der Pflegewissenschaft aufgezeigt.
Fallstudien zur Vorabausschüttung eines KMU - Bilanzielle, rechtliche und steuerliche Besonderheiten
(2012)
Stakeholder relations and sustainability practices of US small and medium-sized manufacturers
(2012)
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the adoption of sustainability practices by small and medium-sized manufacturing (SMM) firms, the ways these firms work with their stakeholders for social and environmental purposes, and the relationships between the adoption of sustainability practices, stakeholder interaction, and product and process innovation.
Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses data from telephone interviews with 296 companies, a sustainability typology, and descriptive and statistical regression analysis.
Findings: The majority of the firms are adopting sustainability practices at least to some degree,stakeholders such as community advocacy groups, employees, suppliers, customers, and the localmedia are influencing the adoption of sustainability practices, and firms with high adoption rates of environmental practices are more successful in product and process innovation.Practical implications– The results of this research can help firms and stakeholder groups with their joint efforts to develop sustainability strategies. Community advocacy groups, employees,suppliers, customers, and the local media are capable of motivating firms to give something back tothe communities in which they conduct their business.
Originality/value: This paper contributes new understanding of the adoption of sustainabilitypractices by SMM firms, the ways these firms work with their stakeholders for social and environmental purposes, and the relationships between the adoption of sustainability practices,stakeholder interaction, and product and process innovation.