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Institute
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Since February 2019, the „Katholische Erwachsenenbildung“ has been collaborating with the Institute of Music of the University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück. An institute for adult education provides the framework for a concept in which German as a second language lessons are accompanied by musicalisation. In line with elemental musical practice, whole-body experiences with voice, movement, and body-percussion play an important role. Students with the career goal of „Educating Artist“ work alongside language teachers in this project, and are mentored by university teachers. The young musicians gain monitored teaching experience and have a great opportunity to witness and help shape the linguistic and social integration of refugees.
A consequence of increasing migration is that a large number of people need to learn the language of the country of immigration. Music and language are phenomenons that share many common characteristics, such as melody, rhythm, and timbre. Music draws attention and can cause positive emotions. Music and movement are deeply rooted in the communication of emotional states und are considered to be the evolutionary biological basis for language. Thus the close relationship between language, music, and dance is evident: They all rely on differentiating perception, are able, as systems designed for social interactions, to connect people, and allow for both collective and individual expression.
The contents and procedures of the lessons are documented in a digital diary. The entire team meets at regular intervals, in order to reflect on the experiences and conduct further planning. For these purposes, video documentation of the lessons is also used. The project will end in November 2019 with a language exam; a musical final presentation is also planned. By then at the latest, findings will be available as to if and how the musical course content was able to support language acquisition. The collaboration enables the partners to realize the combining of different objectives (learning a second language, cultural participation and music making) by bringing experts together.
Chitin is an abundant waste product from shrimp and mushroom industries and as such, an appropriate secondary feedstock for biotechnological processes. However, chitin is a crystalline substrate embedded in complex biological matrices, and, therefore, difficult to utilize, requiring an equally complex chitinolytic machinery. Following a bottom-up approach, we here describe the step-wise development of a mutualistic, non-competitive consortium in which a lysine-auxotrophic Escherichia coli substrate converter cleaves the chitin monomer N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) into glucosamine (GlcN) and acetate, but uses only acetate while leaving GlcN for growth of the lysine-secreting Corynebacterium glutamicum producer strain. We first engineered the substrate converter strain for growth on acetate but not GlcN, and the producer strain for growth on GlcN but not acetate. Growth of the two strains in co-culture in the presence of a mixture of GlcN and acetate was stabilized through lysine cross-feeding. Addition of recombinant chitinase to cleave chitin into GlcNAc2, chitin deacetylase to convert GlcNAc2 into GlcN2 and acetate, and glucosaminidase to cleave GlcN2 into GlcN supported growth of the two strains in co-culture in the presence of colloidal chitin as sole carbon source. Substrate converter strains secreting a chitinase or a β-1,4-glucosaminidase degraded chitin to GlcNAc2 or GlcN2 to GlcN, respectively, but required glucose for growth. In contrast, by cleaving GlcNAc into GlcN and acetate, a chitin deacetylase-expressing substrate converter enabled growth of the producer strain in co-culture with GlcNAc as sole carbon source, providing proof-of-principle for a fully integrated co-culture for the biotechnological utilization of chitin.
A brief questionnaire for measuring alarm fatigue in nurses and physicians in intensive care units
(2023)
When exposed to hundreds of medical device alarms per day, intensive care unit (ICU) staff can develop “alarm fatigue” (i.e., desensitisation to alarms). However, no standardised way of quantifying alarm fatigue exists. We aimed to develop a brief questionnaire for measuring alarm fatigue in nurses and physicians. After developing a list of initial items based on a literature review, we conducted 15 cognitive interviews with the target group (13 nurses and two physicians) to ensure that the items are face valid and comprehensible. We then asked 32 experts on alarm fatigue to judge whether the items are suited for measuring alarm fatigue. The resulting 27 items were sent to nurses and physicians from 15 ICUs of a large German hospital. We used exploratory factor analysis to further reduce the number of items and to identify scales. A total of 585 submissions from 707 participants could be analysed (of which 14% were physicians and 64% were nurses). The simple structure of a two-factor model was achieved within three rounds. The final questionnaire (called Charité Alarm Fatigue Questionnaire; CAFQa) consists of nine items along two scales (i.e., the “alarm stress scale” and the “alarm coping scale”). The CAFQa is a brief questionnaire that allows clinical alarm researchers to quantify the alarm fatigue of nurses and physicians. It should not take more than five minutes to administer.
Acute post-operative delirium (POD) and long-term post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) are frequent and associated with increased mortality, dependency on care giving and institutionalization rates. The POCD-related cost burden on the German long-term care insurance provides an indication for the savings potential from risk-adapted treatment schemes. Comprehensive estimates have not been assessed or published so far.
A model-based cost-analysis was designed to estimate POCD-related costs in the long-term care insurance. Comprehensive analysis of inpatient operations and procedures (OPS-codes) served as the base for case number calculations, which were then used as input to the actual cost model. POCD-incidence rates were obtained from the BioCog study. Various sensitivity analyses were performed to assess uncertainty of the model results.
Total POCD related annual costs in the German long-term care insurance account for approximately 1.6 billion EUR according to the base case of our analysis. Total annual costs for all POCD cases depend on surgery numbers, incidence rates, other assumptions, and uncertain input parameters.
The financial burden to the long-term care insurance is substantial, even in a conservative scenario of the cost model. Variability of results stems from uncertain assumptions, POCD-incidence rates and from uncertain patient numbers who are undergoing surgery and are therefore at risk to develop POCD.
This article proposes the concept of a simulation framework for environmental sensors with multilevel abstraction in agricultural scenarios. The implementation case study is a simulation of a grain-harvesting scenario enabled by LiDAR sensors. Environmental sensor models as well as kinematics and dynamic behavior of machines are based on the robotics simulator Gazebo. Models for powertrain, machine process aggregates and peripheral simulation components are implemented with the help of MATLAB/ Simulink and with the robotics middleware Robot Operating System (ROS). This article deals with the general concept of a multilevel simulation framework and in particular with sensor and environmental modeling.
Integration of nutritional and sustainable aspects is a complex task tackled by a few scientific concepts. They include multiple dimensions and functions of food systems trying to provide solutions for harmonic co-evolution of humanity and planet Earth. “Nutritional Sustainability” is differentiated from other concepts which combine nutrition and sustainability as it not only sets environmental sustaining capacity as a baseline level for balanced nutrition, but also aims for the search of food system driving nodes. It does not aim for the support of solutions of producing enough or more food for increasing population (sustainable nutrition), neither does it contradict other similar concepts [sustainable nutrition security, nutritional life cycle assessment (LCA)]. However, it calls for more definite estimation of the carrying capacity of the environment on personal, local, and national levels for the development of more efficient solutions of nutrition balanced in the limits of environmental carrying capacity. The review is providing a few examples of advances in nutritional science (personalized nutrition, nutrigenetics), food technology (personalized food processing, food ecodesign), and food complex systems (artificial intelligence and gut microbiome), which have a great potential to progress sustainable food systems with Nutritional Sustainability set as a guiding concept.
Currently, the treatment of musicians is an interprofessional approach. Playing-related health complaints may impact the performance of a musician. In Germany, a medical consulting hour for musicians exists, but those for athletes in sports medicine are not so common. The diagnosing and treatment procedure within the physiotherapy consultation for musicians follows a specific concept-b and requires knowledge of instruments and musician-specific complaints. Based on the consulting hour in a clinic in Osnabrueck, 614 case reports were part of this sample, of which 558 data sets were complete. The focus of the analysis is the instrument and the primary complaint. Also, the type of therapy is characterized, and the amount is calculated. Primary complaints of musicians, in general, are found most frequently in the spine and upper extremity. Musician complaints are different between instruments. Instrumentalists have a significantly higher chance to suffer from a primary complaint in the area of the upper extremity. Furthermore, the groups without an instrument (e.g., singing or dancing) are developing complaints in the anatomical area which they primarily use. Therefore, these types of therapy were used: physiotherapy, manual therapy, and osteopathy with an average of 5.9 treatment units. This study underpinned the importance of musician-specific physiotherapy as a profession to treat musicians. Also, an interdisciplinary approach is necessary to treat all aspects of complaints.
Background: Singers belong to the group of professional voice users with the highest demands regarding voice quality and vocal load. Thus, they also have a high risk of developing a voice disorder, which in return has major impact on their ability to work. Besides voice disorders caused by organic changes, there are functional voice disorders caused by, e.g., a hypertonia of the larynx, shoulder and neck muscles or insufficient breathing patterns. In these cases, physiotherapy can be one component of a multidisciplinary approach to treatment.
The purpose of this presentation is, based on anatomical considerations and current evidence, to inform about and demonstrate physiotherapy techniques for treating singers with functional voice disorders.
Approach of Presentation: A case from a special physiotherapy outpatient clinic for vocalists will be described. Based on this example, information on the evidence of physiotherapy approaches for functional voice disorders will be provided. Afterwards, some practical hands-on techniques will be demonstrated for participants to try.
Content of Presentation: This workshop will focus on the physiotherapy treatment for a vocalist with functional voice disorders. The vocalist experienced changed pitch and hypertonia in both the muscles of the shoulder-neck region and the extrinsic laryngeal muscles. Paralaryngeal manual techniques, in addition to posture and breathing exercises, will be demonstrated with the purpose of mobilizing the larynx and relaxing the hypertonic muscles.
Conclusions and Practical Relevance: This workshop highlights the special potential of physical therapy in the treatment of functional voice disorders in singers.
Im vorliegenden Abschlussbericht sind die Ergebnisse der 50+ Befragung der Bürger und Bürgerinnen aus dem Landkreis Grafschaft Bentheim zusammengefasst. Die For-schungsverantwortung liegt bei Frau Prof´ Dr. Stefanie Seeling von der Hochschule Osnabrück, Campus Lingen, Institut für duale Studiengänge.
Die Hochschule Osnabrück zeichnet sich durch einen Forschungsschwerpunkt Familienorientierte geburtshilfliche Versorgung aus, welcher auf der Forschungslandkarte der Hochschulrektorenkonferenz (HRK) verzeichnet ist. Seit 2000 werden Studien zur geburtshilflichen Versorgung durchgeführt. Im Forschungsschwerpunkt IsQua wurden in vier Teilprojekten A bis D, verschiedene Instrumente zur sektorenübergreifenden Qualitätssicherung in der Lebensphase von Schwangerschaft, Geburt und Wochenbett entwickelt, erprobt und evaluiert. Mit der Entwicklung von diesen Instrumenten wird das Ziel verfolgt, Prozesse, die die physiologische Geburt befördern, zu unterstützen. Damit soll der derzeitigen Entwicklung in der Geburtshilfe gegengesteuert werden, die u. a. von hohen Interventionsraten, wie z.B. von einer anhaltend hohen Kaiserschnittrate von 32% (IQTIG [Hg.], 2017) gekennzeichnet ist.
Alle genannten Aspekte werden im Kontext eines Theorie Praxis Transfers gedacht. Instrumente wurden unter Beteiligung der Berufsgruppe der Hebammen heraus entwickelt. Sie wurden auf Anwenderebene – i. d. Regel durch Hebammen – und auf Ebene der Nutzerinnen bzw. Klientinnen, den schwangeren Frauen bzw. Müttern nach der Geburt, erprobt. Hierzu wurden vielfältige Kooperationen mit Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens geknüpft und verschiedene Zugänge eines Wissenstransfers hergestellt. Dieses war die Aufgabe von Teilprojekt E, welches horizontal zu den Teilprojekten A bis D angelegt war. Dabei wurde teilweise interdisziplinär mit Kollegen und Kolleginnen aus der Pflegewissenschaft und Gesundheitsökonomie gearbeitet. Inhaltlich stellt der Forschungsschwerpunkt ein nachgefragtes Thema zur Verbesserung der geburtshilflichen Versorgungsqualität regional und überregional dar.
Die dem Forschungsschwerpunkt angegliederte Graduiertenförderung im Umfang von drei Stipendien eröffnete erstmalig die Möglichkeit zur strukturierten Förderung von wissenschaftlichem Nachwuchs an Fachhochschulen in der jungen Disziplin Hebammenwissenschaft. Seit 2011 kann über eine Kooperation zwischen der Hochschule Osnabrück und der privaten Universität Witten Herdecke, Fakultät Gesundheit, die Promotion verfolgt werden. Eine weitere Dissertation konnte mit Teilprojekt A assoziiert werden. Alle Promotionen waren inhaltlich mit den einzelnen Teilprojekten verbunden.
The increased consumption of reduced-fat or non-fat products leads to a reduced intake of fat-soluble bioactive substances, such as fat-soluble vitamins. Due to their natural role as transport systems for hydrophobic substances, casein micelles (CM) might depict a viable system. The structure of CM is characterized by a lipophilic core stabilized by an electric double layer-like structure. Modification allows accessibility of the core and, therefore, the inclusion of fat-soluble bioactive substances. Well-known modifications are pH reduction and use of rennet enzyme. A completely new procedure to modify CM structure is offered by pulsed electrical fields (PEF). The principle behind PEF is called electroporation and affects the electric double layer of CM so that it is interrupted. In this way, lipophilic substances can be incorporated into CM. In this work, we evaluated integration of β-carotene into native CM by an industry-compatible process to overcome disadvantages associated with the use of Na-caseinate and avoid great technical effort, e.g., due to treatment with high hydrostatic pressure. Our research has shown that PEF can be used for disintegration of CM and that significant amounts of β-carotene can be incorporated in CM. Furthermore, after disintegration using PEF, a combination of another PEF and thermal treatment was applied to restructure CM and trap significant amounts of β-carotene, permanently, ending up with an encapsulation efficiency of 78%.
Wie können wir die Lehre heute gestalten, wenn wir nicht wissen, was morgen gebraucht wird?
Unter dieser Perspektive werden aktuelle Herausforderungen und Chancen universitärer Bildung betrachtet. Ausgehend von einer höheren organisatorischen Perspektive übergehend zu der Mikroperspektive einer einzelnen Lehrveranstaltung. Die Rolle von generativen KI-Systemen wird betrachtet.
Der Begriff New Learning im Kontext von New Work wird aufgegriffen und in Anlehnung an das Agile Manifesto der SW-Entwicklung wird ein agiles Manifest für die Lehre formuliert. Dieses wird in den Zusammenhang mit den sog. Zukunftskompetenzen oder Future Skills gebracht.
Das Interesse am Lehrkonzept des Inverted Classroom (ICM) erfreut sich in den letzten Jahren zunehmender Beliebtheit und mit Beginn der Corona-Pandemie und dem damit verbundenen Umstieg auf Online-gestützt Lehrformate ist es noch einmal deutlich gestiegen. Beim ICM wird die Phase der Wissensvermittlung aus der Präsenzphase der traditionellen Lehrveranstaltung umgedreht: Was bisher während der gemeinsamen Veranstaltungszeit präsentiert wurde, wird nun über Texte, Videos u.a. in eine vorgelagerte Selbstlernphase aus der Veranstaltungszeit ausgelagert. Die gemeinsame Präsenzzeit wird für aktives Lernen, Vertiefung, Diskussion oder andere aktive Formate genutzt. Das Inverted Classroom Modell wird Disziplin- und veranstaltungsübergreifend in der Lehre sowohl in Schulen wie auch Hochschulen genutzt.
Die von Sutherland und Schwaber entwickelte Scrum-Methodik ist ein etabliertes Vorgehensmodell in der Software-Entwicklung und dem Projektmanagement. Scrum bietet durch definierte Rollen, Artefakte und Ereignisse einen Rahmen in dem inkrementell an der Entwicklung eines Produktes gearbeitet werden kann. Diese Inkremente werden in Arbeitszyklen (Sprints) erarbeitet, bei denen die stetige Verbesserung des Produktes und der Arbeitsweise im Fokus stehen. Mit eduScrum oder Scrum4Schools wird Scrum in die Lehre übertragen.
Es liegt auf der Hand, dass sich die Konzepte des ICM und Scrum sehr gut ergänzen und die Scrum Methodik einen formalen Rahmen für ICM bieten kann.
Der Beitrag beschreibt die Umsetzung dieser Kombination agiler Methodiken aus Scrum im Kontext des Inverted Classroom in einer Informatik-Grundlagenveranstaltung an der Hochschule Osnabrück.
Hintergrund und Ziele:
In der Physio- und Ergotherapie sowie in der Logopädie in Deutschland herrscht bereits seit mehreren Jahren ein Fachkräftemangel. Die Gründe für diesen Mangel sind vielschichtig, in vorhandenen Studien werden jedoch nur einzelne Ursachen genauer beleuchtet. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher auf der einen Seite, die Einflussgrößen auf die Fachkräfteentwicklung zusammenzustellen. Da durch Diskussionen immer wieder die These aufgestellt wird, dass eine Vollakademisierung einen negativen Effekt auf die Fachkräfteentwicklung hat, sollen auf der anderen Seite die Veränderungen der Studierenden-, Absolventen- und Beschäftigtenzahlen in Österreich und der Schweiz vor und nach der Akademisierung untersucht und dargestellt werden.
Methode:
Zur Untersuchung der verschiedenen Gründe für den Fachkräftemangel in den Therapieberufen wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche im Sinne eines Scoping Reviews durchgeführt. Die Daten zu Studierenden-, Absolventen- und Beschäftigtenzahlen in Österreich und der Schweiz wurden als Sekundärdatenanalyse erhoben und interpretiert.
Ergebnisse:
Die Gründe für den Fachkräftemangel in den Therapieberufen sind viel-schichtig. Als Kategorien wurden der demografische Wandel, die Bedingungen der Ausbildung sowie die Berufsflucht recherchiert. Die Ursachen zum Verlassen des Berufes findet man in finanziellen Aspekten, den Arbeitsbedingungen insgesamt und der fehlenden Anerkennung und Wertschätzung. Die erhobenen Daten aus Österreich und der Schweiz zeigen insgesamt einen positiven Trend in den letzten Jahren. Die Studierenden- und Absolventenzahlen sind in den genannten Ländern stetig gestiegen und führten daher auch zu einer Erhöhung der Beschäftigtenzahlen.
Schlussfolgerung:
Die verschiedenen Gründe für den Fachkräftemangel konzentrieren sich grundsätzlich darauf, dass die Attraktivität der Berufsfelder gesteigert werden muss, um Schulabsolventen für die Berufe zu gewinnen und Beschäftigte im Beruf zu halten. Als Lösungsmöglichkeit wird die Akademisierung gefordert, die zu einer Attraktivitätssteigerung führen könnte. Die Zahlen aus Österreich und der Schweiz zeigen, dass es durch die Akademisierung nicht zu einem Einbruch der Zahlen von Personen in Ausbildung in den untersuchten Berufsgruppen gekommen ist und weiterhin sehr viele junge Menschen an einer akademischen Ausbildung in den Heilmittelberufen interessiert sind.
Introduction: Patients undergoing revision total hip surgery (RTHS) have a high prevalence of mild and moderate preoperative anemia, associated with adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of perioperative allogeneic blood transfusions (ABT) and postoperative complications in preoperatively mild compared to moderate anemic patients undergoing RTHS who did not receive a diagnostic anemia workup and treatment before surgery. Methods: We included 1,765 patients between 2007 and 2019 at a university hospital. Patients were categorized according to their severity of anemia using the WHO criteria of mild, moderate, and severe anemia in the first Hb level of the case. Patients were grouped as having received no ABT, 1–2 units of ABT, or more than 2 units of ABT. Need for intraoperative ABT was assessed in accordance with institutional standards. Primary endpoint was the compound incidence of postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes included major/minor complications and length of hospital and ICU stay. Results: Of the 1,765 patients, 31.0% were anemic of any cause before surgery. Transfusion rates were 81% in anemic patients and 41.2% in nonanemic patients. The adjusted risks for compound postoperative complication were significantly higher in patients with moderate anemia (OR 4.88, 95% CI: 1.54–13.15, p = 0.003) but not for patients with mild anemia (OR 1.93, 95% CI: 0.85–3.94, p < 0.090). Perioperative ABT was associated with significantly higher risks for complications in nonanemic patients and showed an increased risk for complications in all anemic patients. In RTHS, perioperative ABT as a treatment for moderate preoperative anemia of any cause was associated with a negative compound effect on postoperative complications, compared to anemia or ABT alone. Discussion: ABT is associated with adverse outcomes of patients with moderate preoperative anemia before RTHS. For this reason, medical treatment of moderate preoperative anemia may be considered.
This paper presents an optimized algorithm for estimating static and dynamic gait parameters. We use a marker- and contact-less motion capture system that identifies 20 joints of a person walking along a corridor.
Based on the proposed gait cycle detection basic metrics as walking frequency, step/stride length, and support phases are estimated automatically. Applying a rigid body model, we are capable to calculate static and dynamic gait stability metrics. We conclude with initial results of a clinical study evaluating orthopaedic technical support.
Venous leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers are the most common chronic wounds. Their prevalence has been increasing significantly over the last years, consuming scarce care resources. This study aimed to explore the performance of detection and classification algorithms for these types of wounds in images. To this end, algorithms of the YoloV5 family of pre-trained models were applied to 885 images containing at least one of the two wound types. The YoloV5m6 model provided the highest precision (0.942) and a high recall value (0.837). Its mAP_0.5:0.95 was 0.642. While the latter value is comparable to the ones reported in the literature, precision and recall were considerably higher. In conclusion, our results on good wound detection and classification may reveal a path towards (semi-) automated entry of wound information in patient records. To strengthen the trust of clinicians, we are currently incorporating a dashboard where clinicians can check the validity of the predictions against their expertise.
Interpolation of data in smart city architectures is an eminent task for the provision of reliable services. Furthermore, it is a key functionality for information validation between spatiotemporally related sensors. Nevertheless, many existing projects use a simplified geospatial model that does not take the infrastructure, which affects events and effects in the real world, into account. There are various available algorithms for interpolation and the calculation of routes on infrastructure based graphs and distances on geospatial data. This work proposes a combined approach by interconnecting detailed geospatial data whilst regarding the underlying infrastructure model.
An Iterative Methodology for Developing National Recommendations for Nursing Informatics Curricula
(2016)
The increasing importance of IT in nursing requires educational measures to support its meaningful application. However, many countries do not yet have national recommendations for nursing informatics competencies. We thus developed an iterative triple methodology to yield validated and country specific recommendations for informatics core competencies in nursing. We identified relevant competencies from national sources (step 1), matched and enriched these with input from the international literature (step 2) and fed the resulting 24 core competencies into a survey (120 invited experts from which 87 responded) and two focus group sessions with a total of 48 experts (steps 3a/3b). The subsequent focus group sessions confirmed and expanded the findings. As a result, we were able to define role specific informatics core competencies for three countries.
Knowledge of the small-scale nutrient status of a field is an important basis for decision-making when it comes to optimising the fertiliser use in crop production. Currently, the traditional method involves soil sampling in the field and soil sample analysis in the laboratory as two separate working processes.
The previous research project "soil2data" developed a mobile field laboratory for different carrier vehicles. In the follow-up project "prototypes4soil2data", the results of soil2data are further developed. A mixed soil sample is collected during the drive on the field. The soil sample is then wet-chemically prepared and analysed. The overall soil sampling and analysis process is divided into the following process steps: soil sampling planning, soil sampling, soil preparation, soil analysis and data management. The process steps are modified for the mobile field laboratory and the process steps run in parallel. The new soil extraction method is based on official German methods (VDLUFA) to ensure the interoperability of the analysis results with the VDLUFA fertiliser recommendations. An innovative key component is the NUTRISTAT analysis module (lab-on-chip with ISFET measurement technology). It can measure pH, the nutrients NO3-, H2PO4-, K+ and the electrical conductivity. In addition to the advantages of rapid data availability and no need to transport soil material to the laboratory, it provides a future basis for new application, e.g. verification of current results in the field during soil sampling with existing results or dynamic adjustment of soil sampling during work in the field.
The relevance of cross-industry innovation has increased in recent decades with a growing number of inter-industry fields emerging on the borderline between formerly distinct industries. The aim of this paper is to analyse industry convergence in four probiotics innovation value chains based on the following indicators: cross-industry relationships along the innovation value chain as well as knowledge, technological, regulatory and competence convergence. In so doing, the study delivers a framework of indicators for scrutinising industry convergence processes. In order to identify industry convergence, we analyse companies in the converging area of foods and drugs based on products containing the four bacteria strains: Lactobacillus caseii DN 114001, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Hence, the commercial availability of the strains on the market serves as a selection criterion. Altogether 12 companies stemming from four industrial backgrounds, food and agriculture (5), pharmaceutics (5), chemistry (1) and personal care (1), as well as one research organisation are identified. Cross-industry relationships occur along the innovation value chains of the four strains. Clear signs of knowledge and technological convergence are found as companies are not only publishing and patenting in the usual area of their own industrial field but also in the area of other industrial fields. Companies with different industrial backgrounds show activities in obtaining health claims indicating regulatory convergence. Companies' competence bases seem to converge as companies with different industrial backgrounds are involved in acquisitions, licencing agreements and strategic alliances (competence convergence). We contribute to the existing body of literature by assessing industry convergence from an innovation value chain perspective with a set of indicators reflecting the intensity of industry convergence. This framework of indicators stemming from literature has not yet been used in a combined comprehensive analysis. Furthermore, we tried to show the characteristics of strategic types driving industry convergence in probiotics.
Background:
Contact tracing apps are potentially useful tools for supporting national COVID-19 containment strategies. Various national apps with different technical design features have been commissioned and issued by governments worldwide.
Objective:
Our goal was to develop and propose an item set that was suitable for describing and monitoring nationally issued COVID-19 contact tracing apps. This item set could provide a framework for describing the key technical features of such apps and monitoring their use based on widely available information.
Methods:
We used an open-source intelligence approach (OSINT) to access a multitude of publicly available sources and collect data and information regarding the development and use of contact tracing apps in different countries over several months (from June 2020 to January 2021). The collected documents were then iteratively analyzed via content analysis methods. During this process, an initial set of subject areas were refined into categories for evaluation (ie, coherent topics), which were then examined for individual features. These features were paraphrased as items in the form of questions and applied to information materials from a sample of countries (ie, Brazil, China, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, and the United Kingdom [England and Wales]). This sample was purposefully selected; our intention was to include the apps of different countries from around the world and to propose a valid item set that can be relatively easily applied by using an OSINT approach.
Results:
Our OSINT approach and subsequent analysis of the collected documents resulted in the definition of the following five main categories and associated subcategories: (1) background information (open-source code, public information, and collaborators); (2) purpose and workflow (secondary data use and warning process design); (3) technical information (protocol, tracing technology, exposure notification system, and interoperability); (4) privacy protection (the entity of trust and anonymity); and (5) availability and use (release date and the number of downloads). Based on this structure, a set of items that constituted the evaluation framework were specified. The application of these items to the 10 selected countries revealed differences, especially with regard to the centralization of the entity of trust and the overall transparency of the apps’ technical makeup.
Conclusions:
We provide a set of criteria for monitoring and evaluating COVID-19 tracing apps that can be easily applied to publicly issued information. The application of these criteria might help governments to identify design features that promote the successful, widespread adoption of COVID-19 tracing apps among target populations and across national boundaries.
Um die Milchviehhaltung gibt es seit einigen Jahren auch eine öffentliche Tierwohldiskussion. Zwei Aspekte sind dabei immer wieder Gegenstand der Debatte: Die Anbindehaltung und der Weidegang. Auf Basis von qualitativen Interviews mit zivilgesellschaftlichen Verbänden und landwirtschaftlichen Verbänden zum Thema Tierwohl in der Milchviehwirtschaft wurden die Einstellungen und die Argumentationsmuster beider Verbandsgruppen zu den Haltungsformen Weidegang und Anbindehaltung ergründet. Von Interesse ist dieser Vergleich, da im Rahmen öffentlich-medialer Kommunikation die Diskussionsfronten zwischen beiden Verbandsgruppen als verhärtet dargestellt werden. Die Analyse der Aussagen der qualitativen Interviewreihe dieser Studie erlaubt die begründete Annahme, dass beide Verbandsgruppen mit den Themenkomplexen Anbindehaltung und Weidehaltung in einem wissenschaftlich orientierten Kommunikationskontext differenziert umgehen. Eine klare Polarisierung der Einstellungen zwischen beiden Verbandsgruppen war im Rahmen dieser Gesprächsformen nicht wahrnehmbar.
Die Nutzung von Sensorsystemen bei der teilflächenspezifischen Bewirtschaftung eines Schlags steigert den Ertrag sowie die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Pflanzenanbaus. Dennoch tragen weitere Faktoren zur optimalen Nährstoffversorgung einer Pflanze bei, als sie von solch einem lokal arbeitenden System erfasst werden. Um die Effizienz dieser Precision Farming Systeme auszubauen ist der nächste, hier erfolgreich durchgeführte Schritt die Anbindung der mobilen Landmaschine über das Internet an eine regionsübergreifende Datenanalyseplattform und die Ausführung zeitkritischer Optimierungsfunktionen auf der Landmaschine.
CIOs' innovation capability is regarded as a precondition of successful HIT adoption in hospitals. Based on the data of 142 CIOs, this study aimed at identifying antecedents of perceived innovation capability. Eight features describing the status quo of the hospital IT management (e.g. use of IT governance frameworks), four features of the hospital structure (e.g. functional diversification) and four CIO characteristics (e.g. duration of employment) were tested as potential antecedents in an exploratory stepwise regression approach. Perceived innovation capability in its entirety and its three sub-dimensions served as criterion. The results show that CIOs' perceived innovation capability could be explained significantly (R2=0.34) and exclusively by facts that described the degree of formalism and structure of IT management in a hospital, e.g. intensive and formalised strategic communication, the existence of an IT strategy and the use of IT governance frameworks. Breaking down innovation capability into its constituents revealed that “innovative organisational culture” contributed to a large extent (R2=0.26) to the overall result sharing several predictors. In contrast, “intrapreneurial personality” (R2=0.11) and “openness towards users” (R2=0.18) could be predicted less well. These results hint at the relationship between working in a well-structured, formalised and strategy oriented environment and the overall feeling of being capable to promote IT innovation.
Hintergrund: Instrumentalisten leiden häufig unter spielbedingten (neuro-) muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen. Diese zeigen sich bei Streichern, wie Violinisten, Bratschisten und Cellisten, am häufigsten in Form von Beschwerden im Oberkörper – insbesondere im Schulter-Nacken-Bereich. Die apparative Bewegungsanalyse hat sich bereits als hilfreich bei der Beurteilung von muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen und schädlichen Bewegungsmustern erwiesen und wird für die Diagnostik bei funktionellen Störungen empfohlen. Es wurde bereits gezeigt, dass die apparative biomechanische Bewegungsanalyse ein valides und klinisch praktikables Werkzeug für die genaue und objektive Untersuchung von Bewegungen bei Streichern ist, jedoch ist ihr Einsatz in der klinischen Konsultation immer noch sehr unüblich. Aus diesem Grund existiert ein Mangel an gut etablierten Bewegungsanalyse-Protokollen zur Untersuchung funktioneller Störungen bei Streichern unter Einsatz biomechanischer Instrumente in einem klinischen Umfeld wie der Physiotherapie.
Ziel ist es daher, die Entwicklung und Anwendung eines solchen Protokolls vorzustellen für die Beurteilung der funktionellen Spielbewegungen des Oberkörpers bei sowohl hohen als auch tiefen Streichern in einem physiotherapeutischen Umfeld.
Methode: Zunächst wurden auf Basis einer klinischen Fragestellung relevante Symptombereiche und Messparameter bestimmt. Anschließend wurden beteiligte Segmente, Gelenke und Muskeln selektiert. Darauf basierend wurde ein umfassendes (mechanisches) Modell des Oberkörpers sowie die dazugehörigen Koordinatensysteme und Rotationssequenzen definiert. Dies lenkte sowohl die Spezifikation eines speziell angefertigten Marker-Sets sowie fortgeschrittener Ansätze wie zur funktionellen Bestimmung von Gelenkzentren und -achsen, als auch die Auswahl und Platzierung von Oberflächenelektroden. Schließlich wurden Aktivitäten zur Kalibrierung und Untersuchung der Bewegungsfunktion sowie relevante Analyseparameter und deren Darstellungsformen festgelegt.
Die Protokolldurchführung beinhaltet zunächst die Auswahl der zu untersuchenden Segmente, Gelenke und Muskeln ausgehend von einer oder mehreren klinischen (Arbeits-)Hypothesen bzw. von den spezifischen Symptombereichen. Darauf basierend werden die benötigten Marker und Oberflächenelektroden konfiguriert und platziert. Anschließend werden die festgelegten Kalibrierungsmessungen und Bewegungsaufgaben durchgeführt. Schließlich werden die relevanten Ergebnisparameter zur Überprüfung der Hypothesen extrahiert.
Der klinische Einsatz der Methode wird exemplarisch anhand einer Violinistin mit spielbedingten Schmerzen erläutert.
Klinische Implikationen: Die potenzielle Anwendung des vorgestellten Vorgehens ist die intra-individuelle Evaluation von gleichzeitig der Gelenk- als auch der Muskelfunktion bei hohen und tiefen Streichern während der physiotherapeutischen Konsultation. Dies soll sowohl zur Diagnose funktioneller Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates in Form einer objektiven, umfassenden und dennoch klinisch praktikablen diagnostischen Untersuchung als auch zum prä-post-interventionellen Vergleich beitragen.
Abstract
Background
The clinical presentation of neck-arm pain is heterogeneous with varying underlying pain types (nociceptive/neuropathic/mixed) and pain mechanisms (peripheral/central sensitization). A mechanism-based clinical framework for spinally referred pain has been proposed, which classifies into (1) somatic pain, (2) neural mechanosensitivity, (3) radicular pain, (4) radiculopathy and mixed pain presentations. This study aims to (i) investigate the application of the clinical framework in patients with neck-arm pain, (ii) determine their somatosensory, clinical and psychosocial profile and (iii) observe their clinical course over time.
Method
We describe a study protocol. Patients with unilateral neck-arm pain (n = 180) will undergo a clinical examination, after which they will be classified into subgroups according to the proposed clinical framework. Standardized quantitative sensory testing (QST) measurements will be taken in their main pain area and contralateral side. Participants will have to complete questionnaires to assess function (Neck Disability Index), psychosocial factors (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Depression, anxiety and stress scale), neuropathic pain (Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions, PainDETECT Questionnaire) and central sensitization features (Central Sensitization Inventory). Follow-ups at three, six and 12 months include the baseline questionnaires. The differences of QST data and questionnaire outcomes between and within groups will be analyzed using (M)AN(C)OVA and/or regression models. Repeated measurement analysis of variance or a linear mixed model will be used to calculate the differences between three, six, and 12 months outcomes. Multiple regression models will be used to analyze potential predictors for the clinical course.
Conclusion
The rationale for this study is to assess the usability and utility of the proposed clinical framework as well as to identify possible differing somatosensory and psychosocial phenotypes between the subgroups. This could increase our knowledge of the underlying pain mechanisms. The longitudinal analysis may help to assess possible predictors for pain persistency.
Applications of pulsed electric fields for processing potatoes: Examples and equipment design
(2022)
In the last two decades, pulsed electric fields (PEF) have successfully been introduced into the food industry, as one of the most promising and "game changing" technologies. This review is devoted to the recent applications of pulsed electric fields used in processing potatoes. The potato processing market size was estimated to be ca. USD 24.83 billion (2018) and with an annual growth rate of 5.2%. The physicochemical characteristics of potatoes and the specificity of potato processing lines makes a pulsed electric field very versatile and flexible allowing one to achieve different technological aims by its implementation into technological lines. In this paper, a short analysis of the potato structure and its nutritional properties, applications of moderate electric fields, ohmic heating, and pulsed electric fields are presented. Moreover, the basic electroporation effects, metabolic responses, texture modification and different PEF assisted processes applied to the potato are discussed. Finally, some examples of commercial applications and a brief description of the available equipment for the PEF processing of potatoes are presented.
Die Landwirtschaft ist ein Wirtschaftszweig mit massiven Auswirkungen auf die biologische und agrobiodiverse Vielfalt. Nachhaltige Ernährung ist ein entscheidender politischer Hebel und eine realistische Chance, die Umweltauswirkungen des Agrar- und Ernährungssektors zu verringern und gleichzeitig die menschliche Gesundheit zu verbessern. Auswärts essen ist für viele Verbraucher eine immer häufiger anzutreffende Gewohnheit, und indem sie nachhaltige Gerichte anbieten, können Catering-Unternehmen eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Dazu müssen sie die Nachhaltigkeit ihres Lebensmittelangebots verstehen und richtig einschätzen können, aber es gibt noch keine gut etablierten Bewertungsinstrumente. Im Rahmen des NAHGAST-Projekts, zu dem diese Studie gehörte, wurde ein Instrument zur Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeit für Catering-Unternehmen entwickelt und getestet, das auf konkreten, pro Mahlzeit definierten Zielen basiert. Diese Studie befasst sich mit dem Mangel an Methoden zur Bewertung der Auswirkungen von Lebensmitteln auf die biologische Vielfalt, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Agrobiodiversität liegt. Die Arbeit veranschaulicht eine kontextspezifische Anwendung eines erweiterten DPSIR-Modells zur Strukturierung von Informationen und Auswahl von Indikatoren und schlägt eine transdisziplinäre Nutzung bestehender Messgrößen vor. Weitere Forschungsarbeiten sind erforderlich, um wissenschaftlich fundierte Zielwerte oder Nachhaltigkeitsspannen für jeden Indikator pro Mahlzeit zu definieren, damit diese berechnet werden können.
Die Stärken und Grenzen der Studie werden diskutiert.
The management of patients experiencing chronic orofacial pain is a great challenge, due to the complexity of chronic pain itself, combined with an increased peripheral sensitization in the craniofacial itself. Therefore, patients with orofacial pain may present a clear distortion of the somatorepresentation after some time. In this review, the authors develop a neurophysiological explanation of orofacial distortion, as well as propose assessment and treatment options, based on scarcely available scientific evidence and their own clinical experience. The assessments of facial somatosensory, cognitive-affective and motor dysfunctions are crucial to establish the most accurate treatment; the assessment tools are described in the article. Two-point discrimination, laterality recognition and emotion recognition are altered in patients with orofacial pain. Other sensorimotor assessment tools, such as motor acuity and auditory acuity, are also explained. Finally, the authors review their treatment proposals, based on the integration of brain training techniques and biobehavioral interventions. Somatosensory reintegration (tactile acuity training), facial emotion recognition, movement representation techniques, orofacial motor training and therapeutic patient education are explained in detail, and this may challenge new directions in rehabilitation and research.
Background/Aim
This study aimed to establish the somatosensory profile of patients with lumbar radiculopathy at pre-and post-microdiscectomy and to explore any association between pre-surgical quantitative sensory test (QST) parameters and post-surgical clinical outcomes.
Methods
A standardized QST protocol was performed in 53 patients (mean age 38 ± 11 years, 26 females) with unilateral L5/S1 radiculopathy in the main pain area (MPA), affected dermatome and contralateral mirror sites and in age- and gender-,and body site-matched healthy controls. Repeat measures at 3 months included QST, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and numerous other clinical measures; at 12 months, only clinical measures were repeated. A change <30% on the ODI was defined as ‘no clinically meaningful improvement’.
Results
Patients showed a significant loss of function in their symptomatic leg both in the dermatome (thermal, mechanical, vibration detection p < .002), and MPA (thermal, mechanical, vibration detection, mechanical pain threshold, mechanical pain sensitivity p < .041) and increased cold sensitivity in the MPA (p < .001). Pre-surgical altered QST parameters improved significantly post-surgery in the dermatome (p < .018) in the symptomatic leg and in the MPA (p < .010), except for thermal detection thresholds and cold sensitivity. Clinical outcomes improved at 3 and 12 months (p < .001). Seven patients demonstrated <30% change on the ODI at 12 months. Baseline loss of function in mechanical detection in the MPA was associated with <30% change on the ODI at 12 months (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.09–6.37, p = .032).
Conclusion
Microdiscectomy resulted in improvements in affected somatosensory parameters and clinical outcomes. Pre-surgical mechanical detection thresholds may be predictive of clinical outcome.
Significance
This study documented quantitative sensory testing (QST) profiles in patients with lumbar radiculopathy in their main pain area (MPA) and dermatome pre- and post-microdiscectomy and explored associations between QST parameters and clinical outcome. Lumbar radiculopathy was associated with loss of function in modalities mediated by large and small sensory fibres. Microdiscectomy resulted in significant improvements in loss of function and clinical outcomes in 85% of our cohort. Pre-surgical mechanical detection thresholds in the MPA may be predictive of clinical outcome.
Diet can influence healthy aging through anti- or proinflammatory effects, partly by modulating the gut microbiome composition. This study investigated the relationships between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), the gut microbiome, and nutritional status in elderly individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 114 home-dwelling individuals aged over 70 years. The Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) was calculated from 3-day food diaries, and blood samples were taken to measure micronutrient status, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance, and fecal gut microbiome composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The participants were categorized into maintaining an anti-inflammatory diet (AD) and a pro-inflammatory diet (PD) based on the median E-DII score. The associations of E-DII groups with blood markers and microbial diversity and composition were examined using the analysis of covariance, permutational analysis of variance, and multivariate linear models. Results: The AD (n = 57, 76 ± 3.83 years) and PD (n = 57, 75 ± 5.21 years) groups were similar in age but differed in sex distribution, with a higher proportion of females in the AD group (p = 0.02). When compared to the PD group and adjusted for sex, the AD group had a lower body mass index, fat mass, fasting insulin level, HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance), fasting triglycerides, and serum uric acid concentration (all p < 0.05), with higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein, red-blood-cell folate (RBC), and Omega-3 index (all p < 0.05). While the microbial diversity and composition did not differ between the DII groups, folate concentrations were negatively associated with Agathobacter and positively associated with Bacteroides abundance (both q = 0.23). Lower uric acid concentrations were associated with a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium (q = 0.09) and lower abundance of Phocaeicola (q = 0.11). Discussion: The study suggests that following an anti-inflammatory diet is associated with improved nutritional status in the elderly. Dietary blood markers, rather than E-DII, were found to be associated with the gut microbiome, suggesting a potential link between the microbiome and changes in nutritional markers independent of diet. Further studies are needed to explore the causal relationship between dietary inflammatory potential, gut microbiome, and healthy aging.
Attitudes Concerning Postmortem Organ Donation : A Multicenter Survey in Various German Cohorts
(2015)
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to characterize postmortem organ donation attitudes in various German cohorts.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Employees of 2 German cities and 2 German university hospitals, employees of a German automobile enterprise, and members of a German Medical Society were administered a questionnaire about postmortem organ and tissue donation attitudes. Demographic data and general attitudes were questioned and focused on: I) willingness to donate organs, II) holding a donor card, and III) having discussed the topic with the family.
RESULTS
Of 5291 participants, 65.2% reported favoring postmortem organ donation. Missing negative experiences, the idea that donation is helpful, a non-medical professional environment, excellent general health, gender, agreement with the brain-death paradigm, and age significantly influenced the participants’ attitudes. Participants were more likely to possess donor cards and had discussed more often with family members if they agreed with the brain-death paradigm and considered donation to be helpful. Males and older participants were the most likely to neglect donor cards, and Catholics, Protestants, and participants with poor health were the least likely to donate organs. Interest in receiving more information was expressed by 38.1% and 50.6% of participants refusing donation of all or of specific organs, respectively, and suggested the internet (60.0%) and family doctors (35.0%) as preferred sources of information.
CONCLUSIONS
Public campaigns in Germany should focus on males and older people as regards donor cards, and females, younger, and religiously affiliated persons as regards the general willingness to donate organs postmortem.
Das Informationsmanagement steht im Zentrum erfolgreicher eHealth-Innovationsprozesse von Krankenhäusern. Im Kontext komplexer, zum Teil tradierter Krankenhausstrukturen kann die Gestaltungsfähigkeit des Informationsmanagements durch eine ausgeprägte Intrapreneurship-Kultur erhöht werden, wovon vermutlich auch der Digitalisierungsgrad der Einrichtungen profitiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund verfolgte die vorliegende Studie zwei Forschungsfragen: (1.) Welche Effekte hat Intrapreneurship auf den Digitalisierungsgrad der Krankenhäuser und (2.) inwiefern werden diese Effekte durch das Informationsmanagement beeinflusst? Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wurde ein konzeptionelles Untersuchungsmodell entwickelt, welches mit Daten von 224 IT-Leitern evaluiert wurde. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass Intrapreneurship die Umsetzung von eHealth-Anwendungen positiv beeinflussen kann. Die identifizierten Effekte waren jedoch vorwiegend indirekter Art, vermittelt durch den Professionalisierungsgrad des Informationsmanagements. So kann Intrapreneurship auf IT-Leiter-Ebene und auf Ebene der Gesamtorganisation zu einer Professionalisierung des strategischen Informationsmanagements führen. Auf Ebene der IT-Abteilung profitiert vor allem das operative Informationsmanagement von einer ausgeprägten Intrapreneurship-Kultur.
KiTa-Leiterinnen stehen vor vielen Herausforderungen im Alltag - meistens
ohne, dass sie dafür ausdrücklich qualifiziert worden sind. Im vorliegenden
Beitrag wird das Thema Führungspersönlichkeit diskutiert. Zum einen wird
beleuchtet, wie wichtig die Reflektion der eigenen Vorstellungen von Führung
ist und dass die Persönlichkeit der Kitaleiterin Ausgangspunkt der Teamentwicklung ist. Anhand von praktischen Beispielen aus dem Kita-Alltag werden
Anregungen gegeben, wie z.B. auch mit schwierigen Teammitgliedern konstruktiv Verhaltensänderungen angesprochen werden können: positives Führen,
wertschätzende und stimmige Führung, das Werte- und Entwicklungsquadrat
sowie fünf Dimensionen systemischer Führung bilden den theoretischen Rahmen
Mit der Struktur des Krankenhausfinanzierungssystems werden geplante und nicht geplante Anreize für Krankenhäuser gesetzt, Kosten und Erlöse zu steuern. Mit einem Personalkostenanteil von über 60 % an den Gesamtkosten liegt dabei der Schwerpunkt auf den Personalkosten. Eine Folge davon kann eine kosten- und erlösbezogene Personalsteuerung und damit eine qualitative Veränderung der patientenbezogenen Versorgungsprozesse sein. Der Beitrag ordnet die Personalkostenvergütung in die G-DRG-Vergütungssystematik ein. Er beschreibt die Entwicklung des Personaleinsatzes bzw. der Personalkosten seit Einführung des fallbezogenen, preisbasierten Finanzierungssystems, die politischen Reaktionen auf die praktizierte erlösorientierte Personalsteuerung sowie die erwarteten Auswirkungen einer tagesbezogenen, kostenbasierten Pflegevergütung gemäß PpSG auf die Leistungen und Kosten der Versorgungsprozesse sowie auf die Erlössituation der Krankenhäuser. Davon abgeleitet wird der finanzierungssystemabhängige Handlungsbedarf des einzelnen Krankenhauses und es wird dargestellt, welche Rahmenbedingungen das Krankenhausmanagement für eine interne Personalsteuerung systemunabhängig schaffen muss, damit die Qualität der Versorgungsprozesse sichergestellt ist. Die datengestützte Diskussion greift die Erfahrungen in der Praxis mit auf.
Making solar thermal systems less expensive, often results in a lower system efficiency. However, the cost-benefit ratio is relevant from the perspective of the consumer. The complex impact of component-related and system-related design parameters on the economics of a complete system makes the evaluation and economical optimization difficult.
Therefore, a complete simulation environment has been developed, which can automatically optimize solar-thermal systems,including collector and system parameters. The main collector module consists of a one-dimensional thermal model that was validated with a commercial solar collector. The efficiency curve and the production cost werecalculated as a function of several design and construction parameters. The collector module was linked to the commercial software Polysun®, so that parametric studies can be performed with minimaleffort. Optimization problems can be solved by using the Matlab® optimization toolbox.
The simulation environment wasused for sensitivity studies and optimization problems in order to analyze the impact of collector design-parameters with respect to system cost, system yield andeconomic values. We will demonstrate how a collector can be optimized and how the ideal system parameters like collector number and storage volume can be easily calculated. Finally, we will show how the optimizer is used for a given system in order to find ideal values for the absorber-sheet thickness and the number of pipes. Due to the holistic approach, the application of this tool set can be used for collector development as well as for system planning.
he development of context-aware applications is a difficult and error-prone task. The dynamics of the environmental context combined with the complexity of the applications poses a vast number of possibilities for mistakes during the creation of new applications. Therefore it is important to test applications before they are deployed in a life system. For this reason, this paper proposes a testing tool, which will allow for automatic generation of various test cases from application description documents. Semantic annotations are used to create specific test data for context-aware applications. A test case reduction methodology based on test case diversity investigations ensures scalability of the proposed automated testing approach.
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic wound and a common diabetic complication as 2% – 6% of diabetic patients witness the onset thereof. The DFU can lead to severe health threats such as infection and lower leg amputations, Coordination of interdisciplinary wound care requires well-written but time-consuming wound documentation. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems lend themselves to be tested to extract information from wound images, e.g. maceration, to fill the wound documentation. A convolutional neural network was therefore trained on 326 augmented DFU images to distinguish macerated from unmacerated wounds. The system was validated on 108 unaugmented images. The classification system achieved a recall of 0.69 and a precision of 0.67. The overall accuracy was 0.69. The results show that AI systems can classify DFU images for macerations and that those systems could support clinicians with data entry. However, the validation statistics should be further improved for use in real clinical settings. In summary, this paper can contribute to the development of methods to automatic wound documentation.
Smart city applications in the Big Data era require not only techniques dedicated to dynamicity handling, but also the ability to take into account contextual information, user preferences and requirements, and real-time events to provide optimal solutions and automatic configuration for the end user. In this paper, we present a specific functionality in the design and implementation of a declarative decision support component that exploits contextual information, user preferences and requirements to automatically provide optimal configurations of smart city applications. The key property of user-centricity of our approach is achieved by enabling users to declaratively specify constraints and preferences on the solutions provided by the smart city application through the Decision Support component, and automatically map these constraints and preferences to provide optimal responses targeting user needs. We showcase the effectiveness and flexibility of our solution in two real usecase scenarios: a multimodal travel planner and a mobile parking application. All the components and algorithms described in this paper have been defined and implemented as part of the Smart City Framework CityPulse.
Greenwashing, defined by the Oxford Dictionary as “disinformation disseminated by an organization so as to present an environmentally responsible public image” can cause multifarious problems for companies. The phenomenon of greenwashing has, however, not attracted much attention in the event marketing literature to date. The purpose of this paper is twofold. It first describes and analyses the specific characteristics and features of greenwashing in event marketing. It then seeks to identify the current fundamental approaches of how to avoid greenwashing in event marketing and to assess their potential. A two-step literature analysis with complementary search approaches served as a methodical framework. First, journals related to event marketing were screened for the keywords “greenwashing” and “greenwash”. Next, the general literature was consulted for the same keywords. The results clearly demonstrate that the subject of greenwashing has been widely neglected in the event literature. There appears to be no overall concept or approach that allows event actors to avoid greenwashing, albeit various individual initiatives exist. However, it also became clear that initiatives against greenwashing in event marketing can be developed and implemented in the short and long term, for example by integrating different stakeholders. Additional political and juridical efforts based on specific guidelines are also necessary to prevent greenwashing in the future. The study is the first one to provide a systematic approach to the topic of greenwashing in the context of event marketing, including relevant approaches for its avoidance. It can thus help practitioners to better detect and avoid greenwashing in the event industry and to guide similar research in the future.
Bamboo is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional materials in mechanical engineering such as steel or aluminium. Bamboo is the fastest growing plant in the world. Instead of releasing CO2 during the manufacturing process, bamboo absorbs CO2 as it grows.
In addition to the sustainability aspect, bamboo tubes also offer excellent properties as a lightweight construction material, which have been optimised through evolution. Bamboo tubes have high strength and stiffness at low weight when used as tension-compression bars or bending beams. Bamboo has strong, high-density fibres at the boundary area, where bending stresses are greatest. Towards the inside, where the stresses are lower, the bamboo becomes porous to optimise weight. This, together with knots arranged in regular intervals, counteracts buckling.
In mobile applications such as cars and bicycles, lightweight construction is sought for energy efficiency reasons. Because of its excellent lightweight properties, the project investigated whether bamboo could be used in mobile, automotive or agricultural engineering. For example, a bamboo bicycle frame has been developed with the aim to be as light as possible. There are bamboo bicycles on the market, but they can only be made one at a time by hand. The bamboo tubes are joined together and functional elements such as the bottom bracket and headset are integrated by wrapping them in resin-impregnated natural or carbon fibres. This makes the joints very heavy. A different approach is taken here: the bamboo tubes are drilled out slightly to achieve a defined internal diameter, and then short aluminium tubes are glued into the bamboo canes from the inside. To prevent the cane from breaking in the circumferential direction, i.e. perpendicular to the fibre direction, the bamboo tubes are wrapped in a thin layer of natural or carbon fibre impregnated with synthetic resin. The aluminium tubes and functional elements are welded or soldered together beforehand.
The design of the bicycle frame, i.e. the dimensioning of the bamboo tubes and joints, was based on extensive bending and tensile tests to determine the strength properties of the natural material bamboo. The bonding between the bamboo cane and the aluminium tube was also investigated experimentally. Finally, several prototype bicycle frames were made and tested for durability according to DIN-EN-14764. The frames passed the tests.
The result is a bamboo bicycle that is manufactured with standardised connectors and joints. The assembly concept developed allows both fully automated and semi-automated series production of bamboo bicycles.
Building on Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory, Bass models describe the diffusion processes distinguishing between innovation (p) and imitation (q). This study aimed at modelling the uptake of RIS, PACS and EHR systems in Germany and Finland. The Bass models revealed a quick and almost identical uptake process across all three systems for Finland. In contrast, the Bass models mirrored a slower uptake in Germany. Consequently, the Finnish “imitation” coefficients were larger than the German ones. While in Germany almost free market forces were driving the adoption through imitation but without tail wind from policy, the adoption process in Finland was centrally governed. This suggests that the diffusion process in Finland reflected a well-managed roll-out of the systems rather than imitation behaviour. Thus, in order for Bass model coefficients to be understood properly, additional contextual information is required.
Die Entnahme, der Transport und die Wiedereinbringung von Boden und Sedimenten finden in einer Vielzahl von Bau- und Unterhaltungsmaßnahmen statt. Die zu entnehmenden Bodenmassen müssen in der Regel untersucht, klassifiziert und hinsichtlich ihrer weiteren Verwendung eignungsgeprüft werden, um eine gefahrlose und wirtschaftlich sinnvolle Wiederverwendung zu ermöglichen. Insbesondere bei komplexen Fällen, bei denen größere Mengen Bodenmaterial zu behandeln sind, ist ein ökologisch ausgerichtetes und Ökonomisch durchkalkuliertes Bodenmanagement erforderlich.
Mit dieser Thematik beschäftigt sich das diesjährige Diskussionsforum Bodenwissenschaften. Anhand von fünf Fachvorträgen sollen die verschiedenen Facetten des Bodenmanagements vorgestellt und diskutiert werden. Es wird eingangs am Beispiel der Stadt Münster der Frage nachgegangen, wie generell in der Bauleitplanung und bei der Bauausführung mit Bodenmaterial umgegangen wird. Weitere Themenfelder sind die Herausforderungen bei der Suche geeigneter Materialien zur Rekultivierung von Deponiebauwerken sowie der Umgang mit kontaminierten Bodenmassen am Beispiel umfangreicher Bodensanierungsmaßnahmen in einem Osnabrücker Wohngebiet.
Neben dem terrestrischen Bereich wird auch der aquatische Bereich betrachtet. Das Bodenmanagement im Rahmen des ökologischen Gewässerumbaus der Emscher und ihrer Nebenflüsse im Ruhrgebiet sowie im Rahmen der Gewässerunterhaltung am Beispiel der stark erosionsbeeinflussten Fließgewässer im Osnabrücker Raum wird in zwei weiteren Vorträgen detailliert dargestellt.
Emotionale Bewertungen stellen ein zentrales Element der Nutzungserfahrung dar. Aus diesem Grund untersucht die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit, ob eine hohe Nutzungshäufigkeit von Mobiltelefon oder Sprachsteuerung einen Einfluss auf die emotionalen Aspekte des Benutzererlebens hat. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Online-Befragung (N= 836) durchgeführt und mittels Korrelationen, hierarchischen Regressionsanalysen, multivariaten und univariaten Varianzanalysen sowie kanonischen Diskriminanzfunktionen ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse offenbarten, dass sich Nutzungshäufigkeiten unterschiedlich auf positive und negative Emotionen auswirken. Personen, die ihr Mobiltelefon häufig verwendeten, erfuhren mehr positive Emotionen gegenüber dem Gerät. Negative Emotionen gegenüber dem Mobiltelefon konnten hingegen nicht durch eine häufige Nutzung reduziert werden. Dies konnte unabhängig von dem Ausmaß, in welchem das Mobiltelefon zur zwischenmenschlichen Kommunikation verwendet wurde, beobachtet werden und wurde nicht durch die Nutzungshäufigkeit der Sprachsteuerung moderiert. Dennoch zeigte sich, dass die Nutzungshäufigkeit der Sprachsteuerung sowohl die positiven als auch eingeschränkt die negativen Emotionen gegenüber dem Mobiltelefon beeinflusst, was vermutlich auf eine größere Gesamtnutzung des Mobiltelefons zurückzuführen ist. Insgesamt bestätigt die Studie die Übertragung von Herzbergs Zwei-Faktoren-Theorie auf das Nutzungserleben nur teilweise. Positive Emotionen scheinen einen stärkeren Bezug zum Benutzungserlebnis aufzuweisen, während negative Emotionen wahrscheinlich durch schlechte Gebrauchstauglichkeit hervorgerufen werden. Als Folge dessen wirken sich Nutzungshäufigkeiten vorwiegend auf positive Emotionen aus, doch die gemeinsame Betrachtung von positiven und negativen Emotionen kann einen Unterschied in Bezug auf die Ausprägung negativer Emotionen gegenüber dem Mobiltelefon machen, wie sich bei der Nutzungshäufigkeit der Sprachsteuerung herausstellte.
There are a number of well-established concepts explaining decision-making. The sociology of wise practice within public administration suggests that thinking preferences like the use of intuition form a cornerstone of public administrators’ virtuous practice. This contribution uses conceptual and theoretical resources from the behavioral sciences and public administration to account for individual level differences of employees with regard to thinking preferences in the public sector. Institutional frameworks and social structures may enable or impede the habituation of virtue. The contribution empirically investigates this proposition with respondents from North America and the European Union. The analysis investigates the behavioral dimension preference for intuition/preference for deliberation. An analysis of data from 333 employees from organizations in North America and 1644 employees from organizations in the EU reveal prevalent differences in the preference for thinking styles. The public and private sector differ significantly in terms of the preference for rational as well as for intuitive thinking. What is exciting is that private employees rank higher than public employees on both scales, whereas the difference in rational thinking shows a small effect and the effect size in regard of intuitive thinking is negligible. We explore possible explanations for such differences and similarities.
In der Schriftenreihe „Voneinander Lehren lernen“, die vom LearningCenter der Hochschule Osnabrück herausgegeben wird, werden anwendungsbezogene Beiträge zur Qualitätsentwicklung in Studium und Lehre publiziert.
Die Schriftenreihe ist an das hochschuldidaktische Konzept des „Scholarship of Teaching and Learning“ angelehnt. Demnach soll sie insbesondere den Fachlehrenden aller Studiengänge als Plattform dienen, um ihre eigenen Erfahrungen, Ideen und Konzepte zur Lehr- und Studiengangentwicklung systematisch zu reflektieren und entsprechende Erkenntnisse für andere nutzbar zu machen. Ziel ist es, den Diskurs über hochschuldidaktische Themen in die Fächer zu tragen und so nachhaltig zu einer hohen Qualität der Lehr-Lernprozesse in den Studiengängen beizutragen. Ergänzt werden die Texte der Fachlehrenden um Beiträge von Mitarbeiter*innen der im Bereich Studium und Lehre tätigen Organisationseinheiten.
Die Schriftenreihe ist eng an das Lehrkolleg der Hochschule Osnabrück gekoppelt. Dabei handelt es sich um ein Angebotsformat des LearningCenters, in dem Professor*innen und Lehrkräfte für besondere Aufgaben die Möglichkeit haben, unter hochschuldidaktischer Begleitung innovative Lehrentwicklungsprojekte in ihren eigenen Lehrveranstaltungen und Modulen umzusetzen. Der erste Band der Schriftenreihe enthält Beiträge von Teilnehmer*innen des Lehrkollegs 2018, in dem verschiedene Entwicklungsprojekte zur Förderung von Kompetenzen für selbstreguliertes Lernen durchgeführt wurden.
In der Schriftenreihe „Voneinander Lehren lernen“, die vom LearningCenter der Hochschule Osnabrück herausgegeben wird, werden anwendungsbezogene Beiträge zur Qualitätsentwicklung in Studium und Lehre publiziert. Die Schriftenreihe ist an das hochschuldidaktische Konzept des „Scholarship of Teaching and Learning“ angelehnt. Demnach soll sie insbesondere den Fachlehrenden verschiedener Studiengänge als Plattform dienen, um ihre eigenen Erfahrungen, Ideen und Konzepte zur Lehr- und Studiengangentwicklung systematisch zu reflektieren und entsprechende Erkenntnisse für andere nutzbar zu machen. Ziel ist es, den Diskurs über hochschuldidaktische Themen in die Fächer zu tragen und so nachhaltig zu einer hohen Qualität der Lehr-Lernprozesse in den Studiengängen beizutragen. Ergänzt werden die Texte der Fachlehrenden zum Teil durch Beiträge von Mitarbeiter*innen der im Bereich Studium und Lehre tätigen Organisationseinheiten. Bislang ist die Schriftenreihe eng an das Lehrkolleg der Hochschule Osnabrück gekoppelt. Dabei handelt es sich um ein Angebotsformat des LearningCenters, in dem Professor*innen und Lehrkräfte für besondere Aufgaben die Möglichkeit haben, unter hochschuldidaktischer Begleitung innovative Lehrentwicklungsprojekte in ihren eigenen Lehrveranstaltungen und Modulen umzusetzen. Dieser zweite Band der Schriftenreihe enthält Beiträge von Teilnehmer*innen des Lehrkollegs 2019/20, in dessen Rahmen verschiedene Maßnahmen zum Thema „Projekte im Studium“ umgesetzt und evaluiert wurden.
One challenge of the EU energy transition is the integration of renewable electricity generation in the distribution system. EU energy law proposes a possible solution by introducing “citizen energy communities” (Directive 2019/944/EU) which may be open for “cross-border participation”. This article proposes an innovative way of implementing such cross-border communities by linking distribution systems via a “switchable element”, a generation, storage, or consumption asset with a connection to each country. An optimization model has been developed to calculate the system cost savings of such a connection. Linking regions with complementary characteristics regarding electricity generation and demand via a switchable element leads to more efficient system utilization. Findings are relevant for the transposition of “citizen energy communities” in national laws.
Die Vorsteuerberichtigung birgt vielfältige Probleme und kann es erforderlich werden lassen, dass neben der Buchführung umfangreiche Nachweise darüber geführt werden müssen, wann und in welchem Umfang umsatzsteuerliche Leistungen, z. B. für ein Gebäude, angefallen sind. Ein entsprechendes Formular hierzu hat Eckert vorgestellt (BBK F. 6 S. 1297, DokID [UAAAB-78010]).
Nach den Grundfällen zur Vorsteuerberichtigung gem. § 15a UStG in BBK 13/2006 F. 30 S. 1835 enthält diese Fallstudie ergänzende Beispiele zu Lieferungen oder sonstigen Leistungen, die in andere Wirtschaftsgüter eingehen, sowie zum Wechsel der Besteuerungsart als Änderung der Verhältnisse
Berichtigung des Vorsteuerabzugs nach§ 15a UStG – Grundstückserwerb und gemischt genutzte Immobilien
(2006)
Die neuen Regelungen zur Berichtigung des Vorsteuerabzugs nach § 15a UStG bergen vielfältige Praxisprobleme. Die folgenden Fälle stellen vor, wie Berichtigungen durchzuführen sind, wenn die entsprechenden Gegenstände dem Anlage- oder Umlaufvermögen (§ 15a Abs. 1 UStG und § 15a Abs. 2 UStG) zuzurechnen sind. Ergänzend werden in einem separaten Beitrag weitere Fälle zu Wirtschaftsgütern vorgestellt, die in andere Wirtschaftsgüter eingehen, zu sonstigen Leistungen und zum Wechsel der Besteuerungsart.
Am 21.3.2018 hat die Europäische Kommission den Vorschlag für eine Richtlinie zum gemeinsamen System einer Digitalsteuer auf Erträge aus der Erbringung bestimmter digitaler Dienstleistungen und den Vorschlag für eine Richtlinie zur Festlegung von Vorschriften für die Unternehmensbesteuerung einer signifikanten digitalen Präsenz vorgelegt. Diese befassen sich insbesondere mit einer Digital Service Tax (DST) sowie der digitalen Betriebsstätte. Nach Ansicht der Kommission soll durch diese Maßnahmen gewährleistet werden, dass die Besteuerung von digitalen Geschäftstätigkeiten in der EU gerecht und wachstumsfreundlich erfolgt. Der Entwurf wurde von der Fachwelt von Anfang an kritisch aufgenommen und in der Folgezeit von verschiedenen Experten kontrovers diskutiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet
den derzeitigen Stand der Erörterungen und widmet sich unter anderen den aktuellen Stellungnahmen des Wissenschaftlichen Beirates beim Bundesministeriums der Finanzen, des ifo-Institutes und des IDW. Weiter werden Reaktionen aus der Wirtschaft und eine erste Liste mit potenziell von einer Digitalsteuer betroffenen Unternehmen aufgegriffen.
Im Unterschied zu Kapitalgesellschaften existieren für Personengesellschaften international unterschiedliche Besteuerungskonzepte, die sie entweder als transparentes oder als intransparentes Unternehmen qualifizieren. Die daraus oftmals entstehende ungleiche Besteuerung von Personen- und Kapitalgesellschaften ist wegen der nicht rechtsformneutralen Ausgestaltung der Unternehmensbesteuerung kritisch zu beurteilen. Der folgende Beitrag stellt zunächst die europaweite Vielfalt bei der Besteuerung von Personengesellschaften dar und untersucht anschließend die bestehenden Besteuerungsmodelle im Hinblick auf das betriebswirtschaftliche Kriterium der Rechtsformneutralität. In diesem Zusammenhang ist insbesondere zu untersuchen, ob die in einigen EU-Mitgliedstaaten bestehenden Misch- und Optionsmodelle Ansatzpunkte zur Erfüllung des Kriteriums bieten.
Seit Ende der 1990er Jahre fanden erhebliche Änderungen hinsichtlich des Bodenschutzrechtes in Deutschland statt. 1999 traten das Bundes- Bodenschutzgesetz BBodSchG und das dazugehörige untergesetzliche Regelwerk, die Bundes-Bodenschutzverordnung in Kraft. In Folge des BBodSchG erließen die Länder nacheinander Landes-Bodenschutzgesetze. Auch im Abfall-und Naturschutzrecht kam es im selben Zeitraum zu Veränderungen, die das Medium Boden berührten. Nachdem nun die rechtlichen Neubestimmungen einige Jahre in Kraft sind, stellt sich die Frage, ob weiterhin Lücken im Bodenschutzrecht auszumachen sind und welche Lösungsansätze hierfür anzudenken sind.
An dieser Stelle setzte das Bodenforum des Studiengangs Bodenwissenschaften der Fachhochschule Osnabrück bei der diesjährigen Tagung an. Namhafte Vertreter aus Verwaltung und Praxis informierten über Lücken im bestehenden Bodenschutzrecht und zeigten ihrerseits innovative Ansätze zu deren Behebung auf. Diese betrafen einerseits Themengebiete, die im Bodenschutzrecht generell zu kurz gekommen sind wie die ökotoxikologischen Bewertungsansätze und die Einbeziehung der Lebensraumfunktion in die Bodenbewertung. Darüber hinaus wurden im Bodenschutzrecht unzureichend beantwortete Fragestellungen, die den Umgang mit belasteten Bodensubstraten oder Standorten betreffen, nämlich die Frage nach den Möglichkeiten des Auf- und Einbringens von Materialien sowie neu zu definierende Sanierungszielwerte im Rahmen der Bauleitplanung, thematisiert. Schließlich wurde der Umgang mit der heutigen Bodenschutzpraxis am Beispiel der Niederlande beleuchtet.
In seinem Urteil vom 19.9.2012 – IV R 45/09 hatte der BFH über die Bilanzierung von Gutscheinen, die einen Anspruch auf eine Preisermäßigung im folgenden Jahr beinhalten, zu entscheiden. Nach der Entscheidung des BFH vom 19.9.2012 – IV R 45/09 sind für Gutscheine, die einen Anspruch auf eine Preisermäßigung im folgenden Jahr beinhalten, im Jahr der Ausgabe keine Rückstellungen zu passivieren. Ebenfalls darf keine Verbindlichkeit bilanziert werden. Auch die Bilanzierung eines passiven Rechnungsabgrenzungspostens ist nicht möglich.
Boden und Bauen
(2010)
Das diesjährige Diskussionsforum Bodenwissenschaften an der Hochschule Osnabrück beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema „Boden und Bauen“.
Im ersten Block stehen der Umgang mit Bodenmaterial sowie Bodenschutz in den Betrieben des Garten- und Landschaftsbaus und die zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnende Umweltbaubegleitung und Bodenkundliche Baubegleitung auf dem Programm. Zu diesen Themen wird sowohl über den Status Quo berichtet als auch die zukünftige Entwicklung beleuchtet.
Der zweite Schwerpunkt hat die sich ändernden Anforderungen an Bodenmaterialien und Abfälle bzw. Ersatzbaustoffe im Fokus, deren Einbau und Verwertung bislang durch die LAGA Mitteilung 20 sowie § 12 BBodSchV (nicht vollständig) geregelt sind. Die künftige Er-satzbaustoff-Verordnung, ein neuer § 12a BBodSchV und neue Bewertungsgrundlagen, u.a. aus Sicht des Grundwasserschutzes, werden vorgestellt. Diese Vorträge berichten über den aktuellen Diskussions-/Entwurfsstand der geplanten Verordnungen und ermöglichen einen Aus-Blick auf Entwicklungen, die bald in dieser (oder ähnlicher) Form Verbindlichkeit erlangen werden.
Das Diskussionsforum Bodenwissenschaften 2011 trägt den Titel „Boden und Messverfahren – aktuelle Entwicklungen“.
In nahezu allen Bereichen der Bodenkunde entwickeln sich die Feld- und Labormessverfahren ständig weiter. Neue, präzisere und häufig auch leichter anwendbare Techniken werden erfunden, in Testreihen erprobt und anschließend, wenn sie Marktreife erhalten haben, von Fachleuten ingenieurtechnischer und wissenschaftlicher Einrichtungen eingesetzt.
Das diesjährige Bodenforum will einige dieser Weiterentwicklungen in der Breite der unterschiedlichen bodenkundlichen Handlungsfelder vorstellen und diskutieren. Beispielhaft sollen mit Schwerpunkt auf die landwirtschaftliche Bodenforschung die Nah-Infrarot-Spektroskopie und online Messverfahren zu Leitfähigkeit und pH-Wert vorgestellt werden. Weiterentwickelte Schnell-Testverfahren für Nähr- und Schadstoffe in Boden und Grundwasser, die in allen Bereichen von Bedeutung sind, sollen ebenso präsentiert werden. Verfeinerte Sensortechniken aus dem Bereich der Bodenhydrologie sowie in-situ-Sensortechniken, die auf dem Feld der Grundwassersanierung angewendet werden, bilden einen weiteren Schwerpunkt des Bodenforums.
Über die Vorträge, für die wir Referenten aus namhaften Einrichtungen gewinnen konnten, hinaus werden im Rahmen des Forums die unterschiedlichen Verfahren, Techniken und Geräte demonstriert, so dass sich die Teilnehmer direkt vor Ort davon ein Bild machen können und mit den Anbietern bzw. Anwendern Kontakt aufnehmen können.
Der Bodenschutz im Rahmen von Bauvorhaben wird aus ökologischen und ökonomischen Gründen immer wichtiger. Sowohl im urbanen als auch im ländlichen Raum sind durch Bautätigkeiten große Bodenflächen betroffen. Eine Bodenkundliche Baubegleitung (BBB) zusätzlich zu einer ökologischen Baubegleitung wird inzwischen von vielen Seiten eingefordert. Einige Bundesländer haben bereits entsprechende Merkblätter verfasst. In der vom Bundeskabinett im Mai 2017 verabschiedeten Mantelverordnung ist die Möglichkeit der Anordnung einer Bodenkundlichen Baubegleitung vorgesehen. Auch die im Tief- und Landschaftsbau maßgeblichen DIN-Vorschriften betonen die Notwendigkeit einer BBB. Somit wächst der Bedarf an einer fachlich qualifizierten Baubegleitung. Die Folgen von Fehlern bei der Planung und Zulassung von Baustellen sowie der Bauausführung sind häufig teuer und für den Boden meist irreversibel.
Insbesondere bei Bauvorhaben im Zuge der Energiewende, wie z.B. der Errichtung von
Windenergieanlagen oder der Verlegung von Erdkabeltrassen, besteht akuter Handlungsbedarf zum Schutz des Bodens und des Grundwassers. Auch die späteren Bodengefährdungen und Nachteile etwa bei der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung der Flächen, die nach Errichtung der Anlagen und Trassen auftreten können, werden häufig noch nicht ansatzweise berücksichtigt. Vorbild für Deutschland ist die BBB in der Schweiz, wo sie seit vielen Jahren etabliert ist.
Der steigende Bedarf an der BBB ist auch im Rahmen der Tagung zur Bodenkundlichen
Baubegleitung im Oktober 2017 in Osnabrück deutlich geworden. In den Vorträgen und
Diskussionen wurde betont, dass eine BBB schon von Beginn an bei der Planung
berücksichtigt werden muss. Daher spielt die Schulung der für die Vergabe der
Baumaßnahmen in den zuständigen Behörden Verantwortlichen eine große Rolle neben der fundierten Weiterbildung zum zertifizierten Baubegleiter bzw. zur Baubegleiterin, die
in der Regel in Ingenieurbüros tätig sind. Vor Ort auf der Baustelle ist aber nicht nur
fachliche Kompetenz, sondern auch Kommunikationskompetenz gefordert, um den Schutz des Bodens in das Bewusstsein aller beteiligten Akteure zu rücken. Ein weiterer, bisher vernachlässigter Punkt ist in der Diskussion ebenfalls sehr deutlich geworden. Der in Zukunft vermehrt notwendig werdende Rückbau, z.B. von Windkraftanlagen, stellt die
BBB vor weitere Herausforderungen, um den Boden und seine Funktionen zu erhalten.
Knapp die Hälfte eines guten Bodens besteht aus Poren, also Hohlräumen. Mit der steigenden Mechanisierung in der Land- und Forstwirtschaft steigt die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Bodenverdichtungen. Diese nehmen das Ausmaß von Schadverdichtungen an, wenn die Störung des Porensystems zu einer Beeinträchtigung der ökologischen Bodenfunktionen führt.
In der Tagung soll nach einer Bestandsaufnahme des Ausmaßes problematischer Bodenverdichtungen in landwirtschaftlichen Böden und im Wald der Frage nachgegangen werden, ob und wie Bodenverdichtungen wieder rückgängig gemacht werden können. Schließlich sollen Wege zur Vermeidung von Bodenschadverdichtungen aufgezeigt werden. Dabei werden landwirtschaftliche Böden und Waldböden gleichermaßen betrachtet.
Bodenschutz im Wald
(2015)
„Bodenschutz im Wald“ – ist das nicht ein exotisches Thema für die heute mit Bodenschutz befassten Personen und Institutionen?
Tatsächlich lässt sich der Standpunkt vertreten, das Bundes-Bodenschutzgesetz (BBodSchG) nehme den Wald aus seinem Zuständigkeitsbereich heraus, weil in §3 des BBodSchG auf die Waldgesetze des Bundes und der Länder als übergeordnete Regelungen verwiesen werde. Aber Wälder machen knapp ein Drittel der Fläche Deutschlands aus. Und: Wer die 1980er Jahre erlebt hat weiß, dass die Sorge um den Bodenzustand der Wälder eine wesentliche Triebkraft der vorsorgenden Umweltpolitik, der Bodenforschung und der Bemühungen um einen systematischen Bodenschutz in Deutschland war.
Nach Umsetzung der Luftreinhaltemaßnahmen ist die Aufmerksamkeit für den Schutz der Waldböden abgeklungen. Aber vor dem Hintergrund von Klimawandel und Energiehunger entstehen neue Herausforderungen für den Umgang mit unseren Wäldern und neue Fragen zur Belastbarkeit unserer Waldböden.
Das diesjährige Forum Boden – Gewässer - Altlasten widmet sich diesen Fragen mit Vorträgen namhafter Experten aus dem In- und Ausland in den Themenfeldern „Belastungen von Waldböden“, „Maßnahmen zum Schutz und zur Wiederherstellung von Waldböden“ sowie „Ökosystemmangement und Waldfunktionen“.
Background
We explore the association between bone T-scores, used in osteoporosis diagnosis, and functional status since we hypothesized that bone health can impact elderly functional status and indirectly independence.
Methods
In a cross-sectional study (2005–2006) on community dwelling elderly (> = 75 years) from Herne, Germany we measured bone T-scores with Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry, and functional status indexed by five geriatric tests: activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, test of dementia, geriatric depression score and the timed-up-and-go test, and two pooled indexes: raw and standardized. Generalized linear regression was used to determine the relationship between T-scores and functional status.
Results
From 3243 addresses, only 632 (19%) completed a clinical visit, of which only 440 (male∶female, 243∶197) could be included in analysis. T-scores (−0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.1–0.9) predicted activities of daily living (95.3 CI, 94.5–96.2), instrumental activities of daily living (7.3 CI, 94.5–96.2), and timed-up-and-go test (10.7 CI, 10.0–11.3) (P< = 0.05). Pooled data showed that a unit improvement in T-score improved standardized pooled functional status (15 CI, 14.7–15.3) by 0.41 and the raw (99.4 CI, 97.8–101.0) by 2.27 units. These results were limited due to pooling of different scoring directions, selection bias, and a need to follow-up with evidence testing.
Conclusions
T-scores associated with lower functional status in community-dwelling elderly. Regular screening of osteoporosis as a preventive strategy might help maintain life quality with aging.
Advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing have propelled research into the human microbiome and its link to metabolic health. We explore microbiome analysis methods, specifically emphasizing metabolomics, how dietary choices impact the production of microbial metabolites, providing an overview of studies examining the connection between enterotypes and diet, and thus, improvement of personalized dietary recommendations. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate constitute more than 95% of the collective pool of short-chain fatty acids. Conflicting data on acetate’s effects may result from its dynamic signaling, which can vary depending on physiological conditions and metabolic phenotypes. Human studies suggest that propionate has overall anti-obesity effects due to its well-documented chemistry, cellular signaling mechanisms, and various clinical benefits. Butyrate, similar to propionate, has the ability to reduce obesity by stimulating the release of appetite-suppressing hormones and promoting the synthesis of leptin. Tryptophan affects systemic hormone secretion, with indole stimulating the release of GLP-1, which impacts insulin secretion, appetite suppression, and gastric emptying. Bile acids, synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and subsequently modified by gut bacteria, play an essential role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins, but they also interact directly with intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. One study using statistical methods identified primarily two groupings of enterotypes Bacteroides and Ruminococcus. The Prevotella-dominated enterotype, P-type, in humans correlates with vegetarians, high-fiber and carbohydrate-rich diets, and traditional diets. Conversely, individuals who consume diets rich in animal fats and proteins, typical in Western-style diets, often exhibit the Bacteroides-dominated, B-type, enterotype. The P-type showcases efficient hydrolytic enzymes for plant fiber degradation but has limited lipid and protein fermentation capacity. Conversely, the B-type features specialized enzymes tailored for the degradation of animal-derived carbohydrates and proteins, showcasing an enhanced saccharolytic and proteolytic potential. Generally, models excel at predictions but often struggle to fully elucidate why certain substances yield varied responses. These studies provide valuable insights into the potential for personalized dietary recommendations based on enterotypes
Handovers need a common ground on the clinical cases between the members of the successive shifts to establish continuity of care. Conventional electronic patient record systems (EHR) proved to be only insufficiently suitable for supporting the grounding process. Against this background we proposed a basic concept for a handover EHR that extends general EHRs in particular openEHR based systems. The resulting handover information model was implemented in a database and evaluated based on 120 clinical cases. The information items of these cases could be mapped successfully to the model, however, the new class “anticipatory guidance” needed to be introduced. The evaluation also demonstrated the importance of highly aggregated information on the clinical case, opinions and meta-information such as the relevance of an item during handovers. Based on these findings, in particular the handover database, handover EHR applications are currently developed to support the grounding process.
This paper provides a discourse based upon the key development of nursing in response to the emerging 4Ds of health technology re-design. Building informatics capability among health professionals is a workforce issue necessitated through the increasing prevalence of information technology and digitization of healthcare affecting the entire health workforce, specifically front-line nurses. The key concepts will be explored of Digitization, Distribution, Disruption and Diversity, a framework recognising the tsunami of technology such as Big Data analytics, comprehensive decision support systems for nursing, nanobots, robotics, and pharmacogenomics and the impact these have upon the nursing workforce.
Career Decisions of Indian Female Talent: Implications for Gender-sensitive Talent Management
(2020)
Purpose: Talent scarcity in emerging economies such as India poses challenges for companies,and limited labour market participation among well-educated women has been observed. The reasons that professionals decide not to pursue a further corporate career remain unclear. By investigating career decision making, this article aims to highlight (1) the contextual factors that impact those decisions, (2) individuals’ agency to handle them, and (3) the implications for talent management (TM).
Design/methodology/approach: Following a qualitative research design, computer-aided analysis was conducted on interviews with 24 internationally experienced Indian business professionals. A novel application of neo-institutionalism in the Indian context was combined with the family-relatedness of work decisions (FRWD) model.
Findings: Career decisions indicate that rebellion against Indian societal and family expectations is essential to following a career path, especially for women. TM as part of the current institutional framework serves as a legitimising façade veiling traditional practices that hinder females’ careers.
Research limitations: Interviewees adopted a retrospective perspective when describing their career decisions; therefore, different views might have existed at the moment of decision making.
Practical implications: Design and implementation of gender-sensitive TM adjusted to fit the specific Indian context can contribute to retaining female talent in companies and the labour market.
Originality/value: The importance of gender-sensitive TM can be concluded from an empirical study of the context-based career decision making of experienced business professionals from India. The synthesis of neo-institutionalism, the FRWD model and the research results provides assistance in mapping talent experiences and implications for overcoming the challenges of talent scarcity in India.
Background
Lay family caregivers of patients receiving palliative care often confront stressful situations in the care of their loved ones. This is particularly true for families in the home-based palliative care settings, where the family caregivers are responsible for a substantial amount of the patient’s care. Yet, to our knowledge, no study to date has examined the family caregivers’ exposure to critical events and distress with home-based palliative care has been reported from Germany. Therefore, we attempt to assess family caregiver exposure to the dying patient’s critical health events and relate that to the caregiver’s own psychological distress to examine associations with general health within a home-based palliative care situation in Germany.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 106 family caregivers with home-based palliative care in the Federal State of North Rhine Westphalia, Germany. We administered the Stressful Caregiving Adult Reactions to Experiences of Dying (SCARED) Scale. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models relating general health (SF-36) were used to analyze the data.
Results
The frequency of the caregiver’s exposure, or witness of, critical health events of the patient ranged from 95.2% “pain/discomfort” to 20.8% “family caregiver thought patient was dead”. The highest distress scores assessing fear and helpfulness were associated with “family caregiver felt patient had enough’” and “family caregiver thought patient was dead”. Linear regression analyses revealed significant inverse associations between SCARED critical health event exposure frequency (beta = .408, p = .025) and total score (beta = .377, p = .007) with general health in family caregivers.
Conclusions
Family caregivers with home-based palliative care in Germany frequently experience exposure to a large number of critical health events in caring for their family members who are terminally ill. These exposures are associated with the family caregiver’s degree of fear and helplessness and are associated with their worse general health. Thus the SCARED Scale, which is brief and easy to administer, appears able to identify these potentially upsetting critical health events among family caregivers of palliative care patients receiving care at home. Because it identified commonly encountered critical events in these patients and related them to adverse general health of family caregivers, the SCARED may add to clinically useful screens to identify family caregivers who may be struggling.
In Germany, a lot of young children at risk of language difficulties still go undetected or are not assessed before preschool-age. For children where parents may suspect a disorder, this practice causes a lot of emotional distress alongside lost time for intervention. Thus, what contribution can parents and nursery staff make for the earlier detection of language difficulties? 34 children from four German kindergartens were tested with a standardized preschool screening for language problems by an SLT. Parents and nursery staff completed a questionnaire (FEE 3-4) that was designed to collect potential risk-factors and included the rating of children’s abilities across the main language domains. Outcomes from the FEE 3-4 were compared between parents and nursery staff as well as triangulated with results from the standardized screening. Agreement between parents and nursery staff re. individual children’s potential language difficulties was moderate (Kappa = 0.44, p = .050). Overall, nursery staff rated children’s language abilities more strictly and precisely than parents. Especially their rating of ‘word order’ (p = .022) and ‘verb endings’ contributed significantly to the identification of potential language difficulties similar to the standardized screening. The screening identified two children at risk without caregiver's concern, but not two others who were at risk of language disorder and for whom caregivers expressed concern. Caregiver’s awareness of early language difficulties appears to be rather intuitive. Young children at risk are most reliably detected if standardized instruments are used in combination with caregiver questionnaires. Ideally, this process includes data from parents and nursery staff to be interpreted by an experienced SLT, as the use of a standardized screening alone may lead to missed or mistaken identification where essential information about the child’s environment (e.g. risk factors) is not provided. If parents are concerned about children’s language, full assessment is clearly justified.
Grasslands are ubiquitous globally, and their conservation and restoration are critical to combat both the biodiversity and climate crises. There is increasing interest in implementing effective multifunctional grassland restoration to restore biodiversity concomitant with above- and belowground carbon sequestration, delivery of carbon credits and/or integration with land dedicated to solar panels. Other common multifunctional restoration considerations include improved forage value, erosion control, water management, pollinator services, and wildlife habitat provisioning. In addition, many grasslands are global biodiversity hotspots. Nonetheless, relative to their impact, and as compared to forests, the importance of preservation, conservation, and restoration of grasslands has been widely overlooked due to their subtle physiognomy and underappreciated contributions to human and planetary well-being. Ultimately, the global success of carbon sequestration will depend on more complete and effective grassland ecosystem restoration. In this review, supported by examples from across the Western world, we call for more strenuous and unified development of best practices for grassland restoration in three areas of concern: initial site conditions and site preparation; implementation of restoration measures and management; and social context and sustainability. For each area, we identify the primary challenges to grassland restoration and highlight case studies with proven results to derive successful and generalizable solutions.
Background
To detect changes in biological processes, samples are often studied at several time points. We examined expression data measured at different developmental stages, or more broadly, historical data. Hence, the main assumption of our proposed methodology was the independence between the examined samples over time. In addition, however, the examinations were clustered at each time point by measuring littermates from relatively few mother mice at each developmental stage. As each examination was lethal, we had an independent data structure over the entire history, but a dependent data structure at a particular time point. Over the course of these historical data, we wanted to identify abrupt changes in the parameter of interest - change points.
Results
In this study, we demonstrated the application of generalized hypothesis testing using a linear mixed effects model as a possible method to detect change points. The coefficients from the linear mixed model were used in multiple contrast tests and the effect estimates were visualized with their respective simultaneous confidence intervals. The latter were used to determine the change point(s). In small simulation studies, we modelled different courses with abrupt changes and compared the influence of different contrast matrices. We found two contrasts, both capable of answering different research questions in change point detection: The Sequen contrast to detect individual change points and the McDermott contrast to find change points due to overall progression. We provide the R code for direct use with provided examples. The applicability of those tests for real experimental data was shown with in-vivo data from a preclinical study.
Conclusion
Simultaneous confidence intervals estimated by multiple contrast tests using the model fit from a linear mixed model were capable to determine change points in clustered expression data. The confidence intervals directly delivered interpretable effect estimates representing the strength of the potential change point. Hence, scientists can define biologically relevant threshold of effect strength depending on their research question. We found two rarely used contrasts best fitted for detection of a possible change point: the Sequen and McDermott contrasts.
Characteristics of German Hospitals Adopting Health IT Systems : Results from an Empirical Study
(2011)
Hospital characteristics that facilitate IT adoption have been described by the literature extensively, however with controversial results. The aim of this study therefore is to draw a set of the most important variables from previous studies and include them in a combined analysis for testing their contribution as single factors and their interactions. Total number of IT systems installed and number of clinical IT systems in the hospital were used as criterion variables. Data from a national survey of German hospitals served as basis. Based on a stepwise multiple regression analysis four variables were identified to significantly explain the degree of IT adoption (60% explained variance): 1) hospital size, 2) IT department, 3) reference customer and 4) ownership (private vs. public). Our results replicate previous findings with regard to hospital size and ownership. In addition our study emphasizes the importance of a reliable internal structure for IT projects (existence of an IT department) and the culture of testing and installing most recent IT products (being a reference customer). None of the interactions between factors was significant.
Angesichts der wachsenden Zahl chronisch erkrankter Menschen auch in der reproduktiven Lebensphase gewinnt das Thema der Versorgung betroffener Frauen in Schwangerschaft, Geburt und Wochenbett an Aktualität. Frauen mit chronischen Erkrankungen müssen in der Zeit rund ums Mutterwerden sowohl die grundsätzlichen Herausforderungen dieser Lebensphase als auch die Besonderheiten ihrer Erkrankung bewältigen. Ihr Erleben und Bewältigungshandeln in diesem Spannungsfeld ist Gegenstand der vorliegenden Dissertation. Die Ergebnisse sollen auch der Entwicklung angepasster Versorgungs-konzepte rund um die Geburt dienen.
Die Untersuchung wurde entsprechend der Grounded Theory Methodologie durchgeführt. Datengrundlage sind 27 Interviews mit Frauen, die ein Kind geboren haben und mindestens zwei Jahre vor der Schwangerschaft chronisch erkrankten. Die Auswertung der Daten und Identifizierung der Kategorien folgte den Prinzipien des Theoretischen Samplings, der komparativen Analyse und des begleitenden Schreibens von Memos.
In den Ergebnissen kann gezeigt werden, dass betroffene Frauen in der Schwangerschaft die Sicherstellung größtmöglicher Gesundheit in gleichzeitiger Sorge um zwei bedürftige Körper, des eigenen und den des Ungeborenen, zum Ziel haben. Allgemeine Bedingungen der Erkrankung wirken auf dieses Geschehen ein. Der Einsatz verschiedener Strategien wie die Beobachtung der körperlichen Veränderungen und des kindlichen Wachstums, des Generierens von Wissen und die Aushandlungsprozesse mit den Professionen des Gesundheitssystems führen zu einer positiven oder negativen Bewertung und Bewältigung der Situation. Diese münden entsprechend in einem Gefühl neuer Potenz und Selbstermächtigung oder in einer Irritation gegenüber dem Krankheitsmanagement und potenziellen Handlungsoptionen.
Für die Frauen mit chronischen Erkrankungen hat das Gesundheitssystem in der Phase des Mutterwerdens eine relevante Bedeutung. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die Anforderungen an die Krankheits-, Biografie- und Alltagsarbeit bei ihnen verstärkt erlebt werden. Auch unterscheidet sich ihr Erleben, trotz einer für fast alle Frauen geltenden risikoorientierten Schwangerenbetreuung, in der Ausprägung, Dringlichkeit und Komplexität von dem der Frauen ohne Krankheitsdiagnose oder mit akuten Schwangerschaftskomplikationen. Dies hat auch Auswirkungen auf die Beziehung zum Kind und die Wahrnehmung gesellschaft-licher Teilhabe und Normalität.
Our world and our lives are changing in many ways. Communication, networking, and computing technologies are among the most influential enablers that shape our lives today. Digital data and connected worlds of physical objects, people, and devices are rapidly changing the way we work, travel, socialize, and interact with our surroundings, and they have a profound impact on different domains,such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, urban systems, and control and management applications, among several other areas. Cities currently face an increasing demand for providing services that can have an impact on people’s everyday lives. The CityPulse framework supports smart city service creation by means of a distributed system for semantic discovery, data analytics, and interpretation of large-scale (near-)real-time Internet of Things data and social media data streams. To goal is to break away from silo
applications and enable cross-domain data integration. The CityPulse framework integrates multimodal, mixed quality, uncertain and incomplete data to create reliable, dependable information and continuously adapts data processing techniques to meet the quality of information requirements from end users. Different than existing solutions that mainly offer unified views of the data, the CityPulse framework is also equipped with powerful data analytics modules that perform intelligent data aggregation, event detection, quality
assessment, contextual filtering, and decision support. This paper presents the framework, describes ist components, and demonstrates how they interact to support easy development of custom-made applications for citizens. The benefits and the effectiveness of the framework are demonstrated in a use-case scenario
implementation presented in this paper.
Land cover change is a dynamic phenomenon driven by synergetic biophysical and socioeconomic effects. It involves massive transitions from natural to less natural habitats and thereby threatens ecosystems and the services they provide. To retain intact ecosystems and reduce land cover change to a minimum of natural transition processes, a dense network of protected areas has been established across Europe. However, even protected areas and in particular the zones around protected areas have been shown to undergo land cover changes. The aim of our study was to compare land cover changes in protected areas, non-protected areas, and 1 km buffer zones around protected areas and analyse their relationship to climatic and socioeconomic factors across Europe between 2000 and 2012 based on earth observation data. We investigated land cover flows describing major change processes: urbanisation, afforestation, deforestation, intensification of agriculture, extensification of agriculture, and formation of water bodies. Based on boosted regression trees, we modelled correlations between land cover flows and climatic and socioeconomic factors. The results show that land cover changes were most frequent in 1 km buffer zones around protected areas (3.0% of all buffer areas affected). Overall, land cover changes within protected areas were less frequent than outside, although they still amounted to 18,800 km2 (1.5% of all protected areas) from 2000 to 2012. In some parts of Europe, urbanisation and intensification of agriculture still accounted for up to 25% of land cover changes within protected areas. Modelling revealed meaningful relationships between land cover changes and a combination of influencing factors. Demographic factors (accessibility to cities and population density) were most important for coarse-scale patterns of land cover changes, whereas fine-scale patterns were most related to longitude (representing the general east/west economic gradient) and latitude (representing the north/south climatic gradient).
Rationale:
Biomechanical analyses are capable of capturing and evaluating human motions. In addition to the major biomechanical fields of kinetics and kinematics, electromyography (EMG) provides a reliable way to analyse neuromuscular activities, e.g. inter- and intramuscular coordination or fatigue behavior. Based on these parameters it is possible to conclude to clinically relevant parameters such as motor control, muscular coordination or compensation strategies with different loads. In addition to this, EMG can be used in treatment itself, e.g. biofeedback-training with an EMG is an effective and evidenced based tool to improve neuromuscular control.
Purpose:
To show the advantages of implementing EMG in performing artists´ health and to demonstrate additional therapy and diagnostic options.
Educational Objectives:
At the end of the workshop, the participants will be able to…
1.understand and describe the basic principles of EMG
2.understand and describe the importance of EMG in the context of performing artists´ health, physical therapy and clinical reasoning
3.use EMG on performing artists in the performance process
Content of Presentation:
This workshop briefly introduces the theoretical principles of EMG and the clinical applications in the context of performing artists´ health. It explains why EMG provides an additional value in the clinical reasoning process and supports the therapist, but decision making in the clinical reasoning process should never be based on EMG solely.
In the further course of the workshop the use of EMG in diagnostics and therapy (biofeedback) with performing artists is practically demonstrated and discussed with the participants.
Approach of Presentation:
1.Short presentation: introduction and understanding of EMG (educational objective 1)
2.Short case presentation of a performing artist to introduce EMG in the field of performing artists´ health and clinical reasoning (educational objective 2)
3.Interactive practical demonstration (diagnosis and biofeedback-training) as the central part of the workshop. Questions and comments will be discussed directly throughout the group (educational objective 3)
Clinical Significance:
EMG based functional neuromuscular diagnostics and biofeedback-training provides both the therapist as well as the performing artist with additional value in their clinical work.
Biomechanical analyses are capable of capturing and evaluating human motions. In addition to the major biomechanical fields of kinetics and kinematics, electromyography (EMG) provides a reliable way to analyse neuromuscular activities, e.g. inter- and intramuscular coordination or fatigue behavior. Based on these parameters it is possible to conclude to clinically relevant parameters such as motor control, muscular coordination or compensation strategies with different loads. In addition to this, EMG can be used in treatment itself, e.g. biofeedback-training with an EMG is an effective and evidenced based tool to improve neuromuscular control. The purpose of this workshop is to show the advantages of implementing EMG in performing artists´ health and to demonstrate additional therapy and diagnostic options.
This workshop briefly introduces the theoretical principles of EMG and the clinical applications in the context of performing artists´ health. It explains why EMG provides an additional value in the clinical reasoning process and supports the therapist, but decision making in the clinical reasoning process should never be based on EMG solely.
In the further course of the workshop the use of EMG in diagnostics and therapy (biofeedback) with performing artists is practically demonstrated and discussed with the participants.
Approach of Presentation:
1. Short presentation: introduction and understanding of EMG (educational objective 1)
2. Short case presentation of a performing artist to introduce EMG in the field of performing artists´ health and clinical reasoning (educational objective 2)
3. Interactive practical demonstration (diagnosis and biofeedback-training) as the central part of the workshop. Questions and comments will be discussed directly throughout the group (educational objective 3)
Clinical Significance:
EMG based functional neuromuscular diagnostics and biofeedback-training provides both the therapist as well as the performing artist with additional value in their clinical work.
Educational Objectives:
At the end of the workshop, the participants will be able to…
1. understand and describe the basic principles of EMG
2. understand and describe the importance of EMG in the context of performing artists´ health, physical therapy and clinical reasoning
3. use EMG on performing artists in the performance process
The current narrative literature review aims to discuss clinical reasoning based on nociceptive pain mechanisms for determining the most appropriate assessment and therapeutic strategy and to identify/map the most updated scientific evidence in relation to physical therapy interventions for patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). We will also propose an algorithm for clinical examination and treatment decisions and a pain model integrating current knowledge of pain neuroscience. The clinical examination of patients with TMDs should be based on nociceptive mechanisms and include the potential identification of the dominant, central, or peripheral sensitization driver. Additionally, the musculoskeletal drivers of these sensitization processes should be assessed with the aim of reproducing symptoms. Therapeutic strategies applied for managing TMDs can be grouped into tissue-based impairment treatments (bottom-up interventions) and strategies targeting the central nervous system (top-down interventions). Bottom-up strategies include joint-, soft tissue-, and nerve-targeting interventions, as well as needling therapies, whereas top-down strategies include exercises, grade motor imagery, and also pain neuroscience education. Evidence shows that the effectiveness of these interventions depends on the clinical reasoning applied, since not all strategies are equally effective for the different TMD subgroups. In fact, the presence or absence of a central sensitization driver could lead to different treatment outcomes. It seems that multimodal approaches are more effective and should be applied in patients with TMDs. The current paper also proposes a clinical decision algorithm integrating clinical diagnosis with nociceptive mechanisms for the application of the most appropriate treatment approach.
Patient handovers are cognitively demanding, crucial for information continuity and patient safety, but error prone. This study investigated the effect of an electronic handover tool, i.e. the handoverEHR, on the memory and care planning performance of nurse students (n=32) in a randomised, controlled cross-over design with the factors handover task and handover role. On a descriptive level, handover recipients could improve their memory performance with electronic support, handover givers their performance of writing care plans. Statistically meaningful differences occurred, however, only when the participants were givers. Without handover experience and with low fluency to word problems, givers performed badly in the most demanding of the handover tasks. Final recommendations, however, can only be made after replicating this study in a clinical setting with mixed groups.
Background: Multilingual children with suspected SLCN are often overlooked or their needs not accurately differentiated regarding the necessity of language support or therapy. The purpose of the study was to conceptualize, carry out and evaluate a local language support (LS) project within linguistically and culturally diverse (LCD) families and its effects on all collaborating participants.
Methods: Eight SLT students and one lecturer took part in the LS-project, alongside equivalent numbers of family liaison personnel. Students visited more than 10 young children aged between 2-6 years, and for each child 10 weekly home visits were carried out. Language enhancement was documented, several case studies with children and interviews with five liaison personnel conducted.
Results: All SLT students perceived changes in the behaviour and communication of participating children. Children in the case studies developed from pre-verbal to verbal means of communication and family liaison personnel reported positive changes alongside parental wishes to continue the support.
Conclusion: Local language support projects with LCD families can lead to positive differences regarding their children's communication development and better inclusion in mainstream society. SLT students benefit from working with LCD families and their collaborative support together with family liaison personnel, and vice versa.
Learning Outcomes: To differentiate the influence of language enhancement vs. formalized SLT therapy. To enhance the relationship with LCD clientele and collaboration with liaison personnel in SLCN settings. To incorporate life-long learning and intercultural sensitization.
To investigate the influence of two dietary sources of vitamin D on the vitamin D status, bone metabolism, welfare and birth progress of gestating and lactating sows, forty-nine multiparous sows were randomly assigned to one of two diets: “CON” (n = 25; 50 μg vitamin D3/kg feed) and “HYD” (n = 24; 50 μg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol/kg feed). The basal diets were protein- and phosphorus-reduced. The trial started on day 3 ante insemination of the sows and ended with weaning of the piglets on day 28 postpartum. Dietary supplementation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol resulted in improved maternal vitamin D status (p < 0.001), fewer gait changes (p < 0.01) and longer standing time after feeding (day 5 ante partum; p < 0.05) compared to vitamin D3. However, the bone markers CrossLaps and osteocalcin were not affected. Overall, the present results suggest that sows fed 25-hydroxycholecalciferol instead of vitamin D3 showed improved locomotion and stance strength. However, this outcome is probably not related to altered bone metabolism. The underlying mechanisms must be investigated in further studies.
Compliance of agricultural AI systems : app-based legal verification throughout the development
(2024)
Significant advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have been achieved; however, practical implementation in agriculture remains limited. Compliance with emerging regulations, such as the EU AI Act and GDPR, is now vital, even for non-critical AI systems. Developers need tools to assess legal compliance, which is complex, often requiring full legal advice. To address this issue, we are developing a support app that simplifies the legal aspects of AI system development, covering the entire lifecycle, from conception to distribution. The current app, which covers the key legal area of copyright and will soon include GDPR and the AI Act, aims to bridge the gap between AI research and agriculture. An evaluation of our app by experts from both the legal and the IT domains shows that the app assists the developers so that they make legally correct statements. Consequently, it promotes legal compliance and awareness among developers, contributing to the seamless integration of AI into agriculture. The need for compliant AI systems in various industries, including agriculture, will only increase as regulations evolve.
Background:
The evaluation of somatosensory dysfunction is important for diagnostics and may also have implications for prognosis and management. The current standard to evaluate somatosensory dysfunction is quantitative sensory testing (QST), which is expensive and time consuming. This study describes a low-cost and time-efficient clinical sensory test battery (CST), and evaluates its concurrent validity compared to QST.
Method: Three patient cohorts with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS, n=86), non-specific neck and arm pain (NSNAP, n=40) and lumbar radicular pain/radiculopathy (LR n=26) were included. The CST consisted of 13 tests, each corresponding to a QST parameter and evaluating a broad spectrum of sensory functions using mechanical and thermal detection and pain thresholds and testing both loss and gain of function. Agreement rate, significance and strength of correlation between CST and QST were calculated.
Results: Several CST parameters (cold and warm detection, cold pain, mechanical detection, mechanical pain for loss of function, pressure pain) were significantly correlated with QST, with a majority demonstrating >60% agreement rates and weak to relatively strong correlations. However, agreement varied among cohorts. Gain of function parameters showed stronger correlation in the CTS and NSNAP cohort, whereas loss of function parameters performed better in the LR cohort. Other CST parameters (vibration detection, heat pain, mechanical pain for gain of function, windup ratio) did not significantly correlate with QST.
Conclusion: Some, but not all tests in the CST battery can detect somatosensory dysfunction as determined with QST. The CST battery may perform better when the somatosensory phenotype is more pronounced.
Background
This study describes a low-cost and time-efficient clinical sensory test (CST) battery and evaluates its concurrent validity as a screening tool to detect somatosensory dysfunction as determined using quantitative sensory testing (QST).
Method
Three patient cohorts with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS, n = 76), non-specific neck and arm pain (NSNAP, n = 40) and lumbar radicular pain/radiculopathy (LR, n = 26) were included. The CST consisted of 13 tests, each corresponding to a QST parameter and evaluating a broad spectrum of sensory functions using thermal (coins, ice cube, hot test tube) and mechanical (cotton wool, von Frey hairs, tuning fork, toothpicks, thumb and eraser pressure) detection and pain thresholds testing both loss and gain of function. Agreement rate, statistical significance and strength of correlation (phi coefficient) between CST and QST parameters were calculated.
Results
Several CST parameters (cold, warm and mechanical detection thresholds as well as cold and pressure pain thresholds) were significantly correlated with QST, with a majority demonstrating >60% agreement rates and moderate to relatively strong correlations. However, agreement varied among cohorts. Gain of function parameters showed stronger agreement in the CTS and LR cohorts, whereas loss of function parameters had better agreement in the NSNAP cohort. Other CST parameters (16 mN von Frey tests, vibration detection, heat and mechanical pain thresholds, wind-up ratio) did not significantly correlate with QST.
Conclusion
Some of the tests in the CST could help detect somatosensory dysfunction as determined with QST. Parts of the CST could therefore be used as a low-cost screening tool in a clinical setting.
Significance
Quantitative sensory testing, albeit considered the gold standard to evaluate somatosensory dysfunction, requires expensive equipment, specialized examiner training and substantial time commitment which challenges its use in a clinical setting. Our study describes a CST as a low-cost and time-efficient alternative. Some of the CST tools (cold, warm, mechanical detection thresholds; pressure pain thresholds) significantly correlated with the respective QST parameters, suggesting that they may be useful in a clinical setting to detect sensory dysfunction.
Consumer Acceptance and Market Potential of Iodine-Biofortified Fruit and Vegetables in Germany
(2021)
Biofortification of food crops with iodine is a novel approach to preventing iodine deficiency in humans. The present study analyses the consumer target groups and the market potential of iodine-biofortified fruit and vegetables in Germany. For this purpose, an online survey of 1016 German fruit and vegetable consumers was conducted to investigate the acceptance of different product categories as well as relevant criteria for the market launch. The results show that io-dine-biofortified fruit and vegetables are particularly attractive to consumers who purchase at farmers’ markets, organic food shops, and farm stores. Out of this group, 39% of consumers rate such iodine-rich foods as very appealing. They attach importance to food that naturally contains iodine and prefer produce from integrated domestic cultivation. With their focus on sustainability and naturalness, this group of consumers clearly differs from typical users of dietary supplements, who are primarily concerned with health benefits. However, overall about 85% of respondents would prefer biofortified fruits and vegetables to supplements to improve their iodine supply. The greatest market potential for iodine-biofortified fruit and vegetables is to be expected in super-markets, as this is the preferred food shopping location for most consumers. A total of 28% of those who buy here rate the biofortified foods presented as very appealing. Nevertheless, a successful market launch requires that the benefits of the new products are communicated according to the potential consumer group needs.
Abstract: Thermal response curves that depict the probability of occurrence along a thermal gradient are used to derive various species’ thermal properties and abilities to cope with warming. However, different thermal responses can be expected for different portions of a species range. We focus on differences in thermal response curves (TRCs) and thermal niche requirements for four freshwater fishes (Coregonus sardinella, Pungitius pungitius, Rutilus rutilus, Salvelinus alpinus) native to Europe at (1) the global and (2) European continental scale. European ranges captured only a portion of the global thermal range with major differences in the minimum (Tmin), maximum (Tmax) and average temperature (Tav) of the respective distributions. Further investigations of the model-derived preferred temperature (Tpref), warming tolerance (WT = Tmax − Tpref), safety margin (SM = Tpref − Tav) and the future climatic impact showed substantially differing results. All considered thermal properties either were under- or overestimated at the European level. Our results highlight that, although continental analyses have an impressive spatial extent, they might deliver misleading estimates of species thermal niches and future climate change impacts, if they do not cover the full species ranges. Studies and management actions should therefore favor whole global range distribution data for analyzing species responses to environmental gradients.
Thermal response curves that depict the probability of occurrence along a thermal gradient are used to derive various species’ thermal properties and abilities to cope with warming. However, different thermal responses can be expected for different portions of a species range. We focus on differences in thermal response curves (TRCs) and thermal niche requirements for four freshwater fishes (Coregonus sardinella, Pungitius pungitius, Rutilus rutilus, Salvelinus alpinus) native to Europe at (1) the global and (2) European continental scale. European ranges captured only a portion of the global thermal range with major differences in the minimum (Tmin), maximum (Tmax) and average temperature (Tav) of the respective distributions. Further investigations of the model-derived preferred temperature (Tpref), warming tolerance (WT = Tmax − Tpref), safety margin (SM = Tpref − Tav) and the future climatic impact showed substantially differing results. All considered thermal properties either were under- or overestimated at the European level. Our results highlight that, although continental analyses have an impressive spatial extent, they might deliver misleading estimates of species thermal niches and future climate change impacts, if they do not cover the full species ranges. Studies and management actions should therefore favor whole global range distribution data for analyzing species responses to environmental gradients.
Communication deficits belong to the most frequent errors in patient handovers calling upon specialized training approaches to be implemented. This study aims to harness problem-based learning (PBL) methods in handover education and evaluated the learning process. A digitally enabled PBL course was developed and implemented at Klinikum Osnabrück from which eight nurses participated in the course. They agreed on the stimulating effect of the setting regarding self-directed learning and on the potential to translate the new knowledge and skills into the daily clinical practice. In conclusion, the findings are promising that a digitally enabled PBL course is a suitable learning format for handover education.
In einem immer volatileren Unternehmensumfeld haben Werte und Regeln bzw. deren Umsetzung erheblich an praktischer Bedeutung und wissenschaftlichem Interesse gewonnen. Die Gestaltung der Unternehmensidentität und seiner Stakeholderbeziehungen können jedoch ohne die führungsunterstützende Arbeit der Managementfunktion „Unternehmenskommunikation“ bzw. „Corporate Communication“ nicht gelingen. Strategisch gesteuerte Kommunikation stellt ein integrales Element zur Sicherung der Lebens- und Entwicklungsfähigkeit des Unternehmens dar, indem sie die Übernahme eine gesellschaftlichen Rolle in einem komplexen Umfeld ermöglicht. Sowohl die Bandbreite dieses interdisziplinären Themenfeldes als auch die methodische Vielfalt, mit der man sich ihm nähern kann, zeigen sich in dieser Ausgabe des Corporate Communications Journal.
Inhalt:
Editorial Unternehmensführung und Kommunikation (Susanne Knorre, Dagmar Schütte)
Welchen Nutzen bringt die Anwendung von Theorien über Verhaltensnormen auf Unternehmen für die kommunikationswissenschaftliche Forschung? Auszüge aus einer Analyse der medialen Debatte über die Textilindustrie in Bangladesch. (Annabell Halfmann)
War for Talents: Die Rekrutierungsstrategie nach dem Ende der Wehrpflicht als Kommunikationsaufgabe der Bundeswehr (Christoph Hack)
Zunehmende Bedeutung der strategischen Gesundheitskommunikation in Unternehmen (Maria Smorguner)
Corporate Governance und Kommunikation: Warum das eine nicht ohne das andere geht (Franka Spiekermann)
In der ersten CCJ-Ausgabe 2021 werden sechs Aufsätze vorgestellt, die aus aktuellen Bachelor- und Masterarbeiten hervorgegangen sind. Sie zeigen erneut ausgewählte Themen, mit denen sich die Querschnittsdisziplin des Kommunikationsmanagement befasst.
Inhalt:
Editorial (Dagmar Schütte, Detlev Dirkers, Susanne Knorre)
Transformation lernen
Zur Bedeutung der Veränderungskommunikation bei der Implementierung digitaler Kollaborationstools (Carolin Scheibel)
Kann ‘Working Out Loud‘ zur kommunikativen Reifung eines Unternehmens beitragen?
– Eine qualitative Studie (Kim Reincke)
Welche Funktion haben Printmedien in der internen Kommunikation?
Eine Studie zu den veränderten Anforderungen an Mitarbeiterzeitungen m Kontext der digitalen Transformation (Tabea Specht)
Welche Rolle spielt die Frame-Semantik für die Markenidentität?
Ein Vergleich von Markenclaims und Selbstdarstellungen auf Unternehmenswebseiten (Henriette Resing)
Generation Z
- Sind die Unternehmen im Emsland bereit für den Generationswandel? (Kai Rabe)
Eine Frage der Kultur?
Weibliche Führungskräfte und ihre Karrierewege in PR- und Kommunikationsagenturen. (Anne Wunsch)
Nein, es ist nicht überraschend, dass sich auch die Autoren der neuen Ausgabe des CCJ mit den Auswirkungen der Pandemie beschäftigen. Überraschend und interessant sind jedoch die Inhalte, die sie als Ergebnis ihrer Abschlussarbeiten in der Rubrik „Aufsätze“ vorstellen.
Inhalt
Editorial (Dagmar Schütte, Detlev Dirkers, Susanne Knorre)
Interview:
„Kommunikationsverantwortliche müssen beide Seiten, Exploitation und Exploration, verstehen.“ (Gabriele Steeb)
Das Corporate Communications Journal im Gespräch mit Gabriele Steeb, Senior Managerin Interne Unternehmenskommunikation bei der Hamburger Hochbahn AG und Absolventin des berufsbegleitenden Masterprogramms „Corporate Communications"
Aufsätze:
Im selben Boot - Wie viel Vertrauen haben wir in die solidarische Bekämpfung der Corona-Pandemie und welche Rollen spielen Medien dabei? (Leon Dalla Vecchia)
Die Auswirkungen parasozialer Meinungsführerschaft auf Einstellungen und Handeln während der Corona-Pandemie in Deutschland (Sophie Molitor)
Zwischen „New Normal“ und „Back to Business“ – Verändert die Corona-Pandemie die interne Kommunikation in Unternehmen? (Judith Alpmann)
Aus der Lehre:
Organisationen entwickeln, Change Management erneuern: Veränderungen in Zeiten digitaler Kollaboration. Ein Schulterblick in das Masterprogramm
These: „Ausgehend von den Ansätzen der Gruppendynamiken und der Aktionsforschung nach Lewin verlaufen geplante Change Projekte in virtuellen Teams erschwerter." (Alexandra Schott, Elisa Schumann)
These: „Das Change Management im Unternehmen steht im Wandel von Mensch-Mensch zu Mensch-Maschine- Kollaboration vor vielfältigen Herausforderungen." (Leonie Hartmann, Rebecca Klook, Luisa Stöcker)
These: „Je emergenter organisationale Veränderungen betrachtet werden, desto eher ist Sprache als konstituierendes Element im Wandel zu verstehen." (Katharina Geise, Jessica Neumann, Clara Wehmeier)
Einige simple Fragen an das kommunikative Handeln in und von Organisationen sind geradezu unverwüstlich. Eine davon lautet: Und was hat das alles mit mir zu tun? Diese rhetorische Frage wird oft gestellt, um anschließend die Auswirkungen einer Veränderung auf die individuelle Arbeits- oder Lebenssituation zu analysieren. Was die digitalen Medien ganz konkret mit der Art und Weise zu tun haben, wie wir arbeiten, uns orientieren und erinnern, das zeigen die Beiträge der aktuellen Ausgabe.
Inhalt
Editorial (Dagmar Schütte, Detlev Dirkers, Susanne Knorre)
Aufsätze:
Always on, never done?
Arbeitsbezogene erweiterte Erreichbarkeit: Ursachen, Umgang und Gestaltungsansätze am Beispiel von Kommunikationsagenturen (Elena Koch)
Schöner, fitter und glücklicher?
Eine Studie zum Einfluss körperorientierter Influencer-Kommunikation (Nina Geuer)
Der Kommunikator überschreibt den Inhalt:
Zur Rolle von identitätsstiftenden Merkmalen der Quellenangabe bei der Entstehung von Hostile-Media-Effekten (Moritz Sedlatschek)
Social Media und Storytelling für den Erhalt der Erinnerungskultur
Eine kritische Reflexion des Instagram-Projekts @ichbinsophiescholl (Anastasia Stelmach)
Die Corona-Pandemie als Chance für die Neupositionierung der Internen Unternehmenskommunikation in Kliniken? (Judith Funke)
Ohne Kommunikation kann Wandel nicht gelingen - Dass diese Erkenntnis in weiten Teilen der Unternehmen angekommen ist, zeigen die Gespräche, die in der aktuellen CCJ-Ausgabe dokumentiert sind. Ob Medien, Mittelstand oder Konzern - alle Interviews geben wieder, dass das Verständnis über die Wirkungsweisen von Kommunikation als wesentlicher Teil des Change Managements in der Praxis inzwischen fest verankert ist. Der oft beschworene Theorie-Praxis-Dialog - hier findet er offensichtlich erfolgreich statt.
Sämtliche Beiträge der aktuellen CCJ-Ausgabe wurden im Sommersemester 2016 von Studierenden des 2. Semester des Masterstudiengangs „Kommunikation und Management“ im Rahmen des Moduls „Change Management“ erarbeitet. Ziel war es, einen Beitrag zur Theorie-Praxis-Reflexion zu leisten. Schließlich ist und bleibt Change Management eine Daueraufgabe der Unternehmensführung.
Inhalt:
Editorial Change Communications - Beiträge zum Theorie-Praxis-Dialog (Susanne Knorre, Christian Schwägerl)
Interne Veränderungskommunikation als Dialog zwischen direkt und indirekt Beteiligten - Ein deskriptives Modell zur internen Veränderungskommunikation (Michaela Ebeling, Patrick Dörr, Lukas Pieper)
Change-Prozesse in KMU - Erfolgreiche Organisationsentwicklung am Beispiel der Josef Mack GmbH & Co. KG (Lavinia Michel, Cornelia Heiß, Christin Johnen)
Neue Aufgaben für klassische Medien - Ein Interview mit Malte Blumberg vom "Jungen Angebot von ARD und ZDF" (Esther Gebert, Lisa Tegeler, Jonas Sahli)
Zur Vereinbarkeit von Wandel, Innovation und Bürokratie in einem Großkonzern - Ein Interview mit den Mitarbeitern der Abteilung Veränderungsmanagement und Kulturentwicklung der DB Regio AG zum Konzernumbau Zukunft Bahn (Rebecca Rieder, Sarah Spörhase, Henning Schmidt)
Behavioural Communications basieren auf psychologischen und neurowissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen der Verhaltensökonomie und werden eingesetzt, um Bürger- und Verbraucherverhalten mittels geplanter Kommunikation zu beeinflussen. Nicht nur NGOs, auch Regierungen nutzen diese Mechanismen für sich und betreiben „Nudging“ - also das gezielte, punktuelle und kommunikativ vermittelte „Anstoßen“ von gewünschtem Verhalten.
Wie und in welchem Rahmen kann und darf aber Verhaltensbeeinflussung mittels Kommunikation betrieben werden?
Diese Ausgabe des CCJ widmet sich genau diesem Thema.
Der Beitrag von Kreyenborg untersucht, was Nudging von klassischen Instrumenten des Kommunikationsmanagements unterschiedet, die ebenfalls zum Ziel haben, mit präventiven Maßnahmen das Allgemeinwohl zu verbessern. Im Artikel von Jensen wird die Frage gestellt, wie verschiedene Nudges durch Bürgern wahrgenommen und akzeptiert werden. Ergänzend dazu hinterfragt das Interview mit Stephan Becker-Sonnenschein ganz im Sinne der Theorie-Praxis-Reflexion den Einsatz von Nudges zur Steuerung von Ernährungsgewohnheiten.
Inhalt:
Editorial Behavioral Communications (Reinhold Fuhrberg und Susanne Knorre)
Nudging und Präventivkampagnen - Zwei Seiten einer Medaille? (Maike Kreyenborg)
Bitte nicht stupsen?! Wahrnehmung und Akzeptanz verschiedener Nudges durch deutsche Staatsbürger (Marit Jensen)
Nudging? Von der Freiheit, „Nein“ zu sagen - Eine Theorie-Praxis-Reflexion aus Sicht des Vereins DIE LEBENSMITTELWIRTSCHAFT (CCJ im Gespräch mit Stephan Becker-Sonnenschein)