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Climate change is the biggest social challenge facing the globalised world. The aim of this paper is to investigate the requirements for governance structures in regional sustainability programmes against climate change.
The study is an explorative case study. It is based on a literature review and expert interviews. It also involves the participatory observation of working groups meetings, and a design thinking workshop.
In spite of their enormous importance, little is known about the institutional conditions of the regional governance of climate change projects in Germany.
For this reason, the research project focuses on the important aspect of networking and governance structures. Consequently, the investigation will contribute to answering the question of which institutional framework conditions can raise the likelihood of climate change projects having a sustainable effect.
The outcomes of the application
This research has not only practical implications for the single case. The exploration of the critical factors of success also offers other regions important food for thought in shaping their governance structures. In particular, the design thinking process and the business network in the District of Steinfurt offer valuable points of reference.
Jeder von uns ist ein Stück weit auch ein „Alltagspsychologe“, weil er im Laufe seines Lebens subjektive Überzeugungen zur Natur des menschlichen Verhaltens und Erlebens ausbildet. So manche dieser Überzeugungen erweist sich bei genauerer Betrachtung jedoch als Mythos.
Untersuchte Aussagen:
- Im Durchschnitt reden Frauen pro Tag mehr als Männer.
- Die Pubertät ist immer eine Phase der Rebellion, der Konflikte mit Erwachsenen und erhöhter Risikobereitschaft.
- Intellektuell Hochbegabte haben mehr Probleme im alltäglichen Umgang mit anderen Menschen als normal begabte Menschen.
- In der Handschrift eines Menschen spiegelt sich seine Persönlichkeit.
- Einige Menschen denken überwiegend mit der linken Hirnhälfte, andere überwiegend mit der rechten.
- Der Mensch nutzt nur zehn Prozent seines Gehirns.
- Menschen, die an Schizophrenie leiden, haben eine gespaltene (multiple) Persönlichkeit.
- Für eine erfolgreiche Psychotherapie ist es notwendig, dass der Therapeut sich intensiv mit der Kindheit des Patienten beschäftigt.
- An der Blickrichtung eines Menschen beim Nachdenken kann man erkennen, um welchen Persönlichkeitstypus es sich handelt.
Um den Anforderungen eines Erstkontaktes in der Physiotherapie gerecht zu werden, ist es unerlässlich, internistische oder viszerale Erkrankungen zu (er)kennen, die sich hinter muskuloskelettalen Symptomen verbergen können. Dr. Christoff Zalpour stellt die häufigsten Erkrankungen und ihre Symptome vor.
Background:
Midwifery care in Germany is a legal right for every woman (SGB V). Midwives work employed or freelance in hospitals or in community services, providing maternal care from pregnancy until the end of breastfeeding (Sayn-Wittgenstein 2007). Increasingly, a shortage of midwifery care has been observed, forcing hospitals to understaff or to close their birth units, leaving women and their families without care (Sander et al. 2018). At the same time, birth rates are rising, thus leading to an increasing demand of midwifery care (Destatis 2019). As off today there is no central register for midwives across Germany’s 16 states. Therefor the exact number of registered midwives as well as the scope of services provided by midwives are not known (Niedersächsisches Landesgesundheitsamt 2019). Given the present situation, it seems to be imperative to establish effective midwifery workforce planning.
The aim of this poster is to identify already existing health workforce planning approaches and to determine the extent to which those can be transferred to the German system of midwifery care.
Methods:
Health workforce planning approaches, already being used on a national and international level, have been analysed, focusing their applicability to midwifery services in Germany.
Results:
Particular elements of the workforce planning approaches already being used in Germany for registered physicians seem to be adoptable. However, they need to be adjusted and enhanced to ensure the characteristics of midwifery in the German public health services. Internationally used approaches are not readily transferable due to systemic differences in health care systems.
Conclusions:
The development of new specific workforce and service planning approaches for midwifery care in Germany is crucial to meet present and future needs of women and their families during the childbirth period.
Kolumne Wirtschaftspsychologie
So manchen Mythos in der HR-Welt konnte Professor Uwe P. Kanning schon in seiner Kolumne aufklären. Mit psychologischen Fakten begegnet er den Anhängern des Bauchgefühls. Heute erklärt er, warum das Rätseln um Microexpressions im beruflichen Alltag und in der Personalauswahl keinen Nutzen bringt.
Vor dem Hintergrund der Auseinandersetzung mit der Digitalisierung im Hochschulsystem werden ausgewählte Aktivitäten für eine innovative Lehre in den Fokus genommen. Im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung stehen die Hochschullehrenden. Zentrale Fragen, denen dabei nachgegangen wird, lauten: Wie können Lehrende im digitalen Zeitalter ihre Lehre innovativ gestalten? Welche Rahmenbedingungen und Anreizsysteme in der Lehr- Lernkultur von Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften sind dafür notwendig, um eine in die Breite zielende Teilhabe an digitalen Lehr-Lernformaten zu erreichen? In einem exemplarischen Überblick bereits realisierter Vorhaben aus dem nationalen Hochschulraum werden Good-Practice-Beispiele, deren Wirksamkeit teilweise dokumentiert ist, skizziert. Die aus dieser Übersicht abgeleiteten Maßnahmen können im weiteren Prozess der Erschließung digitaler Chancen für die Lehre an der Hochschule Osnabrück zur Orientierung dienen.
Rationale: Three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis has proved helpful in the diagnosis of different musculoskeletal syndromes and identifying injurious movement patterns in high string players. Furthermore, an optoelectronic 3D motion capture system allows an accurate and objective assessment of upper body posture and motion during violin and viola performance. However, no reference upper body model of high string players has been proposed as yet. Moreover, a more physiological shoulder model that separates the joints of the shoulder complex has not been reported. Especially in view of given the role of the scapula in the normal movement of the humerus, it cannot be disregarded when evaluating musculoskeletal strain in the shoulder.
The International Society of Biomechanics recommends definitions of joint coordinate systems for the report of upper body joint motion using anatomical landmarks as reference for the placement of surface markers. Using markers on the skin for some of the proposed locations is, however, inappropriate when an instrument is being played. There are skin movement artifacts, e. g. caused by the movement of the scapula underneath the skin, whereas some markers interfere with the instrument on the shoulder or might be occluded by the bowing arm in motion.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a marker-based method for quantifying 3D upper body kinematics of high string players and to demonstrate its clinical feasibility in violin and viola performance. The method is intended to provide an objective evaluation of high string players’ motor strategies, especially in the shoulder complex, while minimizing skin movement artifacts, marker occlusions and limitations in instrument placement.
Methods: A custom marker set was developed consisting of thirty-one single markers to define the anatomical coordinate systems of sixteen upper body segments including the pelvis, thorax, spine and head, as well as both scapulae, upper arms, forearms and hands. Twenty-one of these markers as well as two pre-built and four custom-made rigid marker clusters were used for tracking the segment motions.
Twelve professional violinists without history of musculoskeletal or neurological problems were recruited for assessing the clinical feasibility of the method. They were asked to perform a single sequence of two consecutive musical notes on each of two adjacent strings (G- and D-string) in real time, played at 50 bpm with tempo audibly regulated by a metronome, and using a standardized violin and bow. The participants played up- and down-bow alternately using the whole length of the bow.
A custom biomechanical model was applied to the motion capture data and the rotation angles of fifteen joints were calculated. The location of each glenohumeral joint rotation center was computed by upper arm movements with respect to the scapula based on a functional method. For a description of the motion patterns, minimum, maximum and range of angular motion were averaged across participants for each string and rotation. Inter-subject variability was assessed by calculating the standard deviation (SD) at each sample of the angle-time series between participants for each rotation and for both strings. Then SD was averaged over sequences for each rotation and string. For comparing mean rotation angles between strings over time, random effect models were used.
Results: The highest range of motion was observed in the right elbow flexion and right wrist flexion/extension. Also, high ranges of motion (> 10°) were found in all right glenohumeral rotations and right wrist deviation and pronation/supination. In conclusion, lumbar and thoracic spine, thorax, neck, and left upper limb were quite static, while large motion occurred in the right upper limb during up and down bowing.
Most rotation angles showed a reasonable inter-subject variability except for left and right glenohumeral plane of elevation as well as left glenohumeral internal/external rotation, and left and right wrist pronation/supination (> 10°).
Significant differences in the rotation angles between G- and D-string bowing were detected especially in the left wrist and right shoulder joints.
Conclusions: This is the first study that used quantitative 3D analysis to explore the upper body kinematics of high string players during performance, providing a detailed view of the motor control in the shoulder as well as in the lumbar and thoracic spine. The biggest advantage over previously published methods is the more physiological shoulder and spine models while providing a simple application.
The method was found to give consistent motion patterns across participants and to be sensitive to differences between adjacent strings. Although the method appears to be valid, more rigorous validation is necessary. Since there is no gold standard with which we could compare results, we were only able to assess the clinical feasibility. We believe that our method represents a good compromise between accuracy and practicability for clinical application.
Due to the inclusion of multi-segmented shoulder and spine models, it will improve understanding of the motor strategies adopted by high string players and may contribute to injury prevention, diagnosis and treatment.