150 Psychologie
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The increasing diversity of cultural backgrounds offers potential for a more elaborated information processing, yet has been shown to be challenging for individuals, due to intergroup hostility, prejudices, and difficulties of intercultural communication. Current research thus focusses on the interaction of employees with different cultural heritages, as well as on their intergroup attitudes and competences. Thereby, leaders have been shown to shape the way diversity is considered in their teams in a top-down process. However, their perception of diversity as well as related challenges and chances are poorly investigated. The current paper thus aims to contribute to the understanding of leader’s perspective on and role in diversity-management by building on a comparative qualitative study with sixteen employees and twenty-two leaders. Research questions are how employees and leaders perceive cultural diversity from their specific point of view, which experiences are likely to contribute to their opinion on and perception of diversity and in how far do employees and leaders differ in these aspects. The results show that employees are aware of the topic of diversity in general but have poor competences in dealing with diversity in their daily working life. This seems to be associated with lack of experience with intercultural interaction and a lack of support from the respective organizations/leaders. Leaders are rarely aware of this lack of support. The results indicate that leaders’ experiences with cultural and age diversity, their identification with the company and previous diversity measures in the context of the companies’ policy towards diversity seem to be relevant for the formation of leaders’ attitudes. As a consequence, most participants focus on the question whether they do or do not want diversity within their teams and companies, while they actually fail to perceive the diversity that is already there.
Die frühe Förderung sozial-emotionaler Fertigkeiten als präventive Maßnahme zur Unterstützung dieses zentralen Entwicklungsbereiches zeigt kurz- und längerfristige Auswirkungen auf ein positives Sozialverhalten, die Lernmotivation und den Schulerfolg sowie die physische und psychische Gesundheit von Kindern. Es werden strukturierte Förderprogramme für verschiedene Ziel- und Altersgruppen, nämlich Bezugspersonen von Klein-, Vorschul- und Grundschulkindern vorgestellt und dabei Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Förderung aufgezeigt. Demnach profitieren vor allem Risikokinder von einer frühen Förderung sozial-emotionaler Kompetenz. Schließlich werden auf der Grundlage von Evaluationsergebnissen Empfehlungen für den Einsatz von Entwicklungsscreenings und Fördermaßnahmen in (früh-)pädagogischen Einrichtungen ausgesprochen und ein Mehr-Ebenen-Modell vorgestellt, mit dem eine individuelle und bedarfsgerechte Förderplanung ermöglicht wird.
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in parents of children suffering from renal disease is often diminished by the illness burden experienced in daily life and by unfavorable ways of coping. Our aim was to examine the relationship between psychosocial strains perceived by parents, their ways of coping, and HRQOL. In an anonymous cross-sectional study, parents completed a questionnaire concerning psychosocial strains, coping strategies, and HRQOL, as well as sociodemographic and illness parameters. Study participants were recruited in two outpatient dialysis centers. Participating in the study were 195 parents (105 mothers, 90 fathers; age 43 ± 8 years; representing 108 families) of children suffering from renal disease (age 12 ± 5 years). Parents of children with chronic renal failure reported moderate HRQOL with parents of children undergoing dialysis experiencing more limitations in quality of life than parents of children living with a kidney graft and parents of children undergoing conservative treatment. Mothers experienced lower HRQOL and higher psychosocial strains than fathers. HRQOL was predicted by the coping strategies “focusing on child” (β = –0.25), “improving marital relationship” (β = 0.24), “seeking social support” (β = –0.22) and “self-acceptation and growth” (β =0 .19) as well as parents′ perceived limitation by illness in daily life (β = –0.15; explained variance 57%). In the comprehensive care for families with a child suffering from a renal disease, screening for psychosocial strains and ways of coping, along with applying interventions to strengthen adaptive coping strategies, may be a preventative means of improving parents′ quality of life.
Die Coaching-Szene ist nicht gerade arm an schillernden Methoden, denen aufgeklärte Zeitgenossen im besten Fall einen hohen Unterhaltungswert, im schlechtesten Fall ein hohes Schädigungspotential bescheinigen würden. Drei dieser Methoden – Organisationsaufstellung nach Hellinger, quasi-religiöse Ansätze und Coachings mit Tieren – werden nachfolgend skizziert. Sodann fragt der Autor, warum solche Ansätze entstehen bzw. überhaupt Zulauf finden. Schließlich werden Ideen zur Professionalisierung des Coachings vorgestellt.
Consumer Acceptance and Market Potential of Iodine-Biofortified Fruit and Vegetables in Germany
(2021)
Biofortification of food crops with iodine is a novel approach to preventing iodine deficiency in humans. The present study analyses the consumer target groups and the market potential of iodine-biofortified fruit and vegetables in Germany. For this purpose, an online survey of 1016 German fruit and vegetable consumers was conducted to investigate the acceptance of different product categories as well as relevant criteria for the market launch. The results show that io-dine-biofortified fruit and vegetables are particularly attractive to consumers who purchase at farmers’ markets, organic food shops, and farm stores. Out of this group, 39% of consumers rate such iodine-rich foods as very appealing. They attach importance to food that naturally contains iodine and prefer produce from integrated domestic cultivation. With their focus on sustainability and naturalness, this group of consumers clearly differs from typical users of dietary supplements, who are primarily concerned with health benefits. However, overall about 85% of respondents would prefer biofortified fruits and vegetables to supplements to improve their iodine supply. The greatest market potential for iodine-biofortified fruit and vegetables is to be expected in super-markets, as this is the preferred food shopping location for most consumers. A total of 28% of those who buy here rate the biofortified foods presented as very appealing. Nevertheless, a successful market launch requires that the benefits of the new products are communicated according to the potential consumer group needs.