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- Fakultät WiSo (163) (remove)
Background:
Large health organizations often struggle to build complex health information technology (HIT) solutions and are faced with ever-growing pressure to continuously innovate their information systems. Limited research has been conducted that explores the relationship between organizations’ innovative capabilities and HIT quality in the sense of achieving high-quality support for patient care processes.
Objective:
The aim of this study is to explain how core constructs of organizational innovation capabilities are linked to HIT quality based on a conceptual sociotechnical model on innovation and quality of HIT, called the IQHIT model, to help determine how better information provision in health organizations can be achieved.
Methods:
We designed a survey to assess various domains of HIT quality, innovation capabilities of health organizations, and context variables and administered it to hospital chief information officers across Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Data from 232 hospitals were used to empirically fit the model using partial least squares structural equation modeling to reveal associations and mediating and moderating effects.
Results:
The resulting empirical IQHIT model reveals several associations between the analyzed constructs, which can be summarized in 2 main insights. First, it illustrates the linkage between the constructs measuring HIT quality by showing that the professionalism of information management explains the degree of HIT workflow support (R²=0.56), which in turn explains the perceived HIT quality (R²=0.53). Second, the model shows that HIT quality was positively influenced by innovation capabilities related to the top management team, the information technology department, and the organization at large. The assessment of the model’s statistical quality criteria indicated valid model specifications, including sufficient convergent and discriminant validity for measuring the latent constructs that underlie the measures of HIT quality and innovation capabilities.
Conclusions:
The proposed sociotechnical IQHIT model points to the key role of professional information management for HIT workflow support in patient care and perceived HIT quality from the viewpoint of hospital chief information officers. Furthermore, it highlights that organizational innovation capabilities, particularly with respect to the top management team, facilitate HIT quality and suggests that health organizations establish this link by applying professional information management practices. The model may serve to stimulate further scientific work in the field of HIT adoption and diffusion and to provide practical guidance to managers, policy makers, and educators on how to achieve better patient care using HIT.
The study addresses staffing and workforce issues for home‐ and community‐based long‐term care in Germany. It is based on a study aimed at developing staffing recommendations for home‐care provider organisations. The study was commissioned within the regulation of the German long‐term care act. Following an exploratory literature search on staffing issues in home‐ and community‐based care qualitative interviews with 30 experts in home care were conducted. In addition, time needed for different interventions in homes of people in need of care (n = 129) was measured. Ethical approval for the study was obtained. The literature on the topic is limited. In Germany, no fixed staff‐to‐client ratio exists, but staffing is determined primarily by reimbursement policies, not by care recipients’ needs. The results of the interviews indicated that staffing ratios are not the main concern of home‐care providers. Experts stressed that general availability of staff with different qualification levels and the problems of existing regulation on services and their reimbursement are of higher concern. The measurement of time needed for selected interventions reveals the huge heterogeneity of home‐care service delivery and the difficulty of using a task‐based approach to determine staffing levels. Overall, the study shows that currently demand for home‐care exceeds supply. Staff shortage puts a risk to home care in Germany. Existing approaches of reimbursement‐driven determination of staffing levels have not been sufficient. A new balance between staffing, needs and reimbursement policies needs to be developed.
Die COVID-19-Pandemie stellt qualitativ Forschende in Pflege- und Gesundheitswissenschaft vor besondere Herausforderungen: Persönliche Interviews von Angesicht zu Angesicht sind ethisch nur schwer zu rechtfertigen. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet methodische Aspekte sowie Vor- und Nachteile zweier alternativer Formen der Interviewdurchführung: des digitalen Videointerviews und des qualitativen Telefoninterviews. Beide Varianten können für die qualitative Interviewforschung eingesetzt werden, sofern technische und ethische Aspekte sowie Vorschriften des Datenschutzes ausreichend beachtet werden. Die Chancen hinsichtlich Durchführbarkeit, Praktikabilität, Anwendbarkeit, TeilnehmerInnenrekrutierung und Teilhabe sind als hoch einzuschätzen.
Rationale:
Biomechanical analyses are capable of capturing and evaluating human motions. In addition to the major biomechanical fields of kinetics and kinematics, electromyography (EMG) provides a reliable way to analyse neuromuscular activities, e.g. inter- and intramuscular coordination, fatigue behavior or timing. Based on these parameters it is possible to conclude to clinically relevant parameters such as motor control, muscular coordination or compensation strategies with different loads. In addition to this, EMG can be used in treatment itself, e.g. biofeedback-training with an EMG is an effective and evidenced based tool to improve neuromuscular control.
Purpose:
To show the importance of EMG in musicians´ health and to demonstrate additional therapy and diagnostic options.
Educational Objectives:
At the end of the workshop, the participants will be able to…
1. understand and describe the basic principles of EMG
2. understand and describe the importance of EMG in the context of musicians´ health, physical therapy and the clinical reasoning process
3. use EMG on musicians in the performance process
Content of Presentation:
This workshop briefly introduces the theoretical principles of EMG and the clinical applications in the context of musicians´ health. It explains why EMG provides an additional value in the clinical reasoning process and supports the therapist, but decision making in the clinical reasoning process should never be based on EMG solely.
In the further course of the workshop the use of EMG in diagnostics and therapy (biofeedback) with musicians is practically demonstrated and discussed with the participants.
Approach of Presentation:
1. Short presentation: introduction and understanding of EMG (educational objective 1)
2. Short case presentation of a musician to introduce EMG in the field of musicians´ health and the clinical reasoning process (educational objective 2)
3. Interactive practical demonstration (diagnosis and biofeedback-training) as the central part of the workshop. Questions and comments will be discussed directly throughout the group (educational objective 3)
Clinical Significance:
EMG based functional neuromuscular diagnostics and biofeedback-training provides both the therapist as well as the musician with additional value in their clinical work.
Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „Gesunde Personalbemessung: Arbeitsschutz und Gesundheitsförderung in Kontexten der systematischen Personalbemessung für die Pflege“ (GePAG) haben die Hochschule und die Universität Osnabrück, gefördert von der Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege (BGW) die Machbarkeit einer systematischen Integration von Arbeitsschutz und Gesundheitsförderung in Instrumentarien der Personalbemessung für die Pflege untersucht. Es wurden zwei systematische Literaturstudien, Expert*inneninterviews und eine Fokusgruppe durchgeführt. Zentrale Ergebnisse der Studie sind unter anderem: dass eine systematische Integration von Arbeitsschutz und Gesundheitsförderung in Instrumentarien der Personalbemessung in der Pflege maßgeblich für die Sicherstellung von gesunder Pflegearbeit ist; bisherige Arbeiten zu wissenschaftlich fundierten Instrumenten der Personalbemessung um komplexe, nicht vollständig operationalisierbare Aspekte („Beyond Numbers“), die bspw. ethische Anforderungen betreffen, erweitert werden müssen sowie dass Initiativen zur Beförderung von Arbeitsschutz und Gesundheitsförderung in der Pflege die Umsetzung bereits bekannter Ansätze aus anderen Disziplinen und ihre Auswirkungen auf eine gesundheitsorientierte Personalbemessung in organisationalen Zusammenhängen untersuchen sollten.
Possessing skills in social and intercultural interaction is vitally important for employees who work in globalized environments, especially as people's working lives tend to involve an increasingly large amount of service-related activities. As a consequence, universities offer cultural studies courses and strive to enable their students to study abroad for a period of time. However, there is still no widely shared agreement on how intercultural experiences and cultural preparation courses predict the perception, thinking and acting of individuals. Therefore, the study at hand uses a cross-sectional design with N = 430 participants in order to investigate whether students of cultural studies gain more intercultural competencies during the time spent studying abroad, compared to studies of other subjects. The results reveal that students of cultural subjects show significantly higher levels of cultural empathy and openness in the post hoc measurement, even though there was no interaction effect with the amount of time spent studying abroad. Length of stay abroad had a significant indirect effect on social competence via all the dimensions of the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire. Moreover, results indicate that flexibility to adapt one's behaviour to cultural norms may predict problems when returning to one's home country.
Die Kooperationsvereinbarung zwischen dem Land Niedersachsen und der Provinz Anhui durch Ministerpräsident Ernst Albrecht im Jahr 1984 gab den Anstoß für eine Vielzahl von Kooperationen zwischen chinesischen und niedersächsischen Hochschulen und Wirtschaftsunternehmen. Um diese Zusammenarbeit zu koordinieren und im Sinne der China-Strategie des BMBF und der Deutschland-Strategie des chinesischen MoST weiterzuentwickeln, schuf der Niedersächsische Minister für Wissenschaft und Kultur, Björn Thümler, im Oktober 2018 exklusiv die Funktion des Beauftragten des Niedersächsischen Ministeriums für Wissenschaft und Kultur für die Hochschulzusammenarbeit zwischen Niedersachsen und China, der diese Aufgabe gemeinsam mit dem China-Netzwerk Niedersachsen wahrnehmen soll.
Traditionell haben die deutschen Fachhochschulen die Aufgabe, die regionale und überregionale Wirtschaft mit praxis- und anwendungsnah ausgebildeten, hochqualifizierten Fachkräften zu versorgen. Angesichts der rasant steigenden wirtschaftlichen Verflechtungen zwischen Deutschland und China haben deutsche Unternehmen einen zunehmenden Bedarf an Hochschulabsolventen, die eine China-Kompetenz mitbringen. Die Fachhochschulen sind gut beraten, auf diesen Bedarf zu reagieren und innovative, curricular verankerte Angebote zum Erwerb einer vertieften China-Kompetenz zu entwickeln. Trotz des erheblichen Gestaltungsspielraums, über den die Hochschulen beim Curriculumdesign verfügen, sollten sich die Fachhochschulen von drei Prämissen leiten lassen: Die Angebote sollten curricular verankert sein. Sie sollten – dem Erfolgsprinzip der Fachhochschulen folgend – zudem konsequent praxis- und anwendungsnah ausgerichtet sein. Schließlich sollten sie grundsätzlich akzessorischer Natur sein. Die Kernausbildung in einer bestimmten Disziplin – etwa im Bereich der Betriebswirtschaftslehre oder der Ingenieurwissenschaften – sollte durch Angebote zur Förderung der China-Kompetenz sinnvoll ergänzt, nicht dagegen ersetzt werden. Der China-Kompetenz kommt nach dem hier vertretenen Verständnis demnach primär eine dienende, komplementäre Funktion zu. Die Fachhochschulen werden also auch in Zukunft keine klassischen Sinologen ausbilden, sondern Fachkräfte mit Domänenbezug, die aufgrund ihrer zusätzlich erworbenen China-Kompetenz auf deutsch-chinesische Arbeitskontexte vorbereitet werden. Die Einordnung von China-Kompetenz als instrumentelle Hilfskompetenz im Sinne einer Kooperationskompetenz ist eine wichtige Grundannahme, die sich unmittelbar auf den komplexen Prozess des Curriculumdesigns auswirkt. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrages stehen Überlegungen, wie ein innovatives China-Kompetenzprogramm an einer wirtschafts- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultät einer Fachhochschule intelligent konzipiert und implementiert werden kann.
The political geography of central government debt has hardly been investigated. We propose a method for calculating implicit interregional transfers stemming from central government debt.
We apply this method to Belgium over the 1970-2016 period. The share of poorer Francophone Belgium in debt-financed central government spending was persistently larger than its share in central government revenue used to pay the resulting interest bills. The opposite holds for richer Flanders. Also, a primary deficit in one particular year leads to an interest bill in each of the following years as long as debt caused by that primary deficit is not repaid. All the above caused debt-related transfers from Flanders to Francophone Belgium of over 7% of Flemish GDP during many years.
Interregional interest transfers may also be large in the many other democracies suffering from both high central government debt and considerable geographic income disparities.
The size of these transfers may in turn explain the size and persistence of central government deficits. This is also because poorer, less densely populated regions such as Francophone Belgium tend to be overrepresented within central governments. This strengthens their ability to cause deficits.
We recommend more fiscal decentralisation or at least smaller central government deficits.
§ 8 Grundstücksteilungen
(2021)