Open Access

Kurzfassung: Die vorliegende Untersuchung untersucht die Auswirkungen der Dauer eines Auslandsaufenthaltes von Studierenden sowie von arbeitsbezogenen Persönlichkeitsfaktoren und Charakteristika auf die interkulturelle Kompetenz und die Integration der Teilnehmer. Die Untersuchung erfolgte in Form einer korrelativen Querschnittstudie. Insgesamt 202 Probanden mit akademischer Ausbildung wurden untersucht. Es wurden die interkulturelle Kompetenz, Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und arbeitsbezogene Einstellungen gemessen, sowie demographische Faktoren des Auslandsaufenthaltes und die Integration in die Zielkultur. Es gibt einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen der Dauer von Auslandsaufenthalten und kognitiver, motivationaler und verhaltensbezogener interkultureller Kompetenz.

The central aim of the investigation at hand is to deal with the problem areas of Human Resource Management, which arise by demographic changes and migration. The paper focuses on mutual relationships. Managers and human resource managers are considered as multipliers. Older employees, migrants and women are important potential. Therefore, following research questions have been investigated: Which competences are necessary to promote to recognise the potential of migrants correctly and to promote them? Do the multipliers have to be more sensitized for the issue diversity? Do they have to develop specific competences to make the system more permeable and to make the entry and promotion of migrants possible? Which competences should be promoted to increase the sensitivity for diversity? The questions were examined by a qualitative investigation to develop hypotheses for a quantitative study. Overall, 30 interviews with managers, human resource managers and diversity representatives of the large DAX companies were conducted. Furthermore, 17 employees with immigration background and 15 employees without an immigration background were interviewed. The data was transcribed and analysed by the qualitative content analysis according to Mayring (2010). Comparative analyses were made with single items with Likert Scales. The investigation of managers and employees is a highly diversified issue. Therefore, the main focus of the project lays on the problem areas, conflicts and competences of human resources managers in demographic-sensitive personnel management. In comparison, employees with and without an immigration background were asked. The results show an interesting field of tension between self-perception and perception of others and the assessment of the relevance of diversity attitudes and measures, competences and their implementation. Furthermore, a contrary perception regarding strains and stresses of person with and without immigration background is determined, which is developed in the consequences of migrations stress and experiences of discrimination. The results indicate the need of promotion of competences, especially regarding intercultural competence. A critical analysis of the results will be presented.

Background: We see a growing number of older adults receiving long-term care in industrialized countries. The Healthcare Utilization Model by Andersen suggests that individual need characteristics influence utilization. The purpose of this study is to analyze correlations between need characteristics and service utilization in home care arrangements. Methods: 1,152 respondents answered the questionnaire regarding their integration of services in their current and future care arrangements. Care recipients with high long-term care needs answered the questionnaire on their own, the family caregiver assisted the care recipient in answering the questions, or the family caregiver responded to the questionnaire on behalf of the care recipient. They were asked to rank specific needs according to their situation. We used descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Results: Respondents are widely informed about services. Nursing services and counseling are the most used services. Short-term care and guidance and training have a high potential for future use. Day care, self-help groups, and mobile services were the most frequently rejected services in our survey. Women use more services than men and with rising age utilization increases. Long waiting times and bad health of the primary caregiver increases the chance of integrating services into the home care arrangements. Conclusion: The primary family caregiver has a high impact on service utilization. This indicates that the whole family should be approached when offering services. Professionals should react upon the specific needs of care dependents and their families.

Soziale Ungleichheit wird in Deutschland vor allem dann thematisiert, wenn es um Bildungschancen oder die Gewährleistung sozialer Grundsicherung geht. Politisch herrscht weitgehend Einigkeit darüber, dass in diesen Bereichen Handlungsbedarf besteht, um der Bevölkerung möglichst gleiche Lebensvoraussetzungen zu ermöglichen. Im Pflegesektor stehen entsprechende Überlegungen noch aus. Hier fehlt es an wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen zur Thematik. Der stetige Anstieg der Pflegebedürftigkeit wird eine Auseinandersetzung mit sozialer Ungleichheit in der Pflege jedoch notwendig machen, was die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellten Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Untersuchung auf der Basis von 16 Interviews mit Pflegekräften ambulanter Pflegedienste verdeutlichen. Das Ergebnis zeigt zum einen, dass sich viele pflegebedürftige Menschen zahlreichen Anforderungen stellen müssen, die allein kaum zu bewältigen sind und sie in eine sozial benachteiligte Lage drängen. Zum anderen nehmen ambulant Pflegende soziale Ungleichheit immer häufiger wahr, was sie nicht nur moralisch belastet, sondern auch ihren Arbeitsalltag negativ beeinflusst.