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Die Ernährung ist für etwa 30 % des weltweiten Verbrauchs an natürlichen Ressourcen verantwortlich. Um die negativen Auswirkungen des Ernährungssektors auf die Umwelt und die Gesellschaft zu begrenzen, ist der Verbrauch und die Verarbeitung von Lebensmitteln mit vermeintlich geringen negativen Auswirkungen ein wichtiges Thema bei den Bemühungen um eine nachhaltige Entwicklung. In den Großküchen sind klar definierte Indikatoren zur Bewertung der Auswirkungen von Geschäftsaktivitäten erforderlich, um dieses Ziel zu erreichen. Die Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeiten im Rahmen des NAHGAST-Projekts liefern Grundlagen, die bei diesen Bemühungen eine wichtige Hilfe sein können. Es wurden zwei Versionen eines Bewertungsinstruments mit Indikatoren unterschiedlicher Komplexität (NAHGAST Meal-Basic und NAHGAST Meal-Pro) entwickelt, die von Küchenfachleuten verwendet werden können, um die Nachhaltigkeitsleistung ihrer Produkte - der angebotenen Mahlzeit - zu bestimmen. Eine sachkundige Auswahl von Indikatoren und eine Diskussion darüber, auf welche Prozesse und Auswirkungen sich dieser Indikator im weiteren Kontext bezieht, sind von wesentlicher Bedeutung und werden in diesem Papier erörtert. Darüber hinaus wurden bei der Auswahl der Indikatoren für den Zweck unserer Forschung bestimmte Kriterien gleichzeitig berücksichtigt: (1) Kommunizierbarkeit - Welche Informationen ein Indikator vermitteln kann und wie verständlich diese Informationen für verschiedene Akteure sind; (2) Machbarkeit und Datenverfügbarkeit: Gibt es genügend Daten für einen Indikator und ist es für die Unternehmen realistisch, diesen Indikator in ihre tägliche Arbeitspraxis zu integrieren? (3) Wissenschaftliche Relevanz: Ist der Indikator für die Nachhaltigkeitsbemühungen in größerem Maßstab und für entsprechende Diskussionen in der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft relevant? Die Erkenntnisse aus diesen Überlegungen sind wertvoll für zukünftige Entwicklungen in der Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung in der Außer-Haus-Gastronomie. Das Instrument wurde zur Bewertung einer Reihe von Gerichten verwendet und die Ergebnisse werden als aussagekräftig erachtet. Allerdings dürfen Bewertungen jedoch nicht als genaue Messung, sondern nur als Annäherung an die Nachhaltigkeit von Speisen verstanden werden. Auf der Ebene der einzelnen Indikatoren ermöglichen sie eine detaillierte Analyse und gezielte Optimierung von Rezepten, während die aggregierten Ergebnisse in Form von Etiketten gut an die Kunden kommuniziert werden können. Defizite und Herausforderungen, wie sie in der Anwendungsphase des Projekts festgestellt wurden, zeigen jedoch Forschungslücken im weiteren Kontext auf. Abschließend werden weitere Schritte für eine Integration des Tools in Unternehmensprozesse und verbleibende Anpassungsmöglichkeiten für Unternehmen diskutiert.
Reconnection of floodplains to rivers to enhance fluvial dynamics is a favored method of floodplain restoration in Europe. It is believed that the restoration of hydrological conditions of the floodplain facilitates natural dispersal of target species, and hence the reestablishment, of typical plant communities. The aim of our study was to investigate whether floodplain target species could reach restoration sites via hydrochorous dispersal. We analyzed seed inflow from the river and seed dispersal in different sectors of a new watercourse in the Danube floodplain. Seeds were captured using 27 seed traps during three sampling periods of 3 weeks each from summer 2011 to spring 2012. After germination seedlings were identified, we detected a total of almost 39,000 seeds of 176 species, including 80 target species of riparian habitats. We found significant differences between seasons (most seeds in autumn/winter) and between stream sectors. Fewer seeds came in from the Danube (2,800 seeds) than were transported within the floodplain. Several new floodplain target species were detected, which had not been found in the aboveground vegetation or soil seed bank before the start of the restoration. Seeds of nonnative species did not disperse further than approximately 1 km. Our results indicated that hydrochorous seed dispersal from upstream habitats along the new watercourse was important for the establishment of target species and hence for the success of floodplain restoration. Technical water diversion weirs must be traversable for seeds, and small donor sectors upstream might enhance the reestablishment of target vegetation along new sectors downstream.
In urban areas, open space including brownfields often became rare due to increasing urbanisation. Urban brownfields can be important for biodiversity, but especially brownfields in early successional stages seem to be refused by urban residents due to their sparse vegetation and less aesthetic appearance. The aim of this study was to revegetate a young demolition site in the city core of Osnabrück, Germany and thereby to support native plant diversity and aesthetic values. We developed two seed mixtures of native plant species and tested them in a large-scale field experiment over two growing seasons.
Both seed mixtures developed towards structurally diverse and flower-rich vegetation. Establishment rates of sown species were consistently larger than 75%. Revegetation of the predominantly bare anthropogenically transformed soil by introduced species occurred fast. Vascular plant cover and vegetation height were higher on sown plots than in controls, but did not differ between the seed mixtures. Seeding did not increase plant species richness and did not reduce the establishment of a potentially invasive non-native plant species. The cover of Red-List species from the spontaneous vegetation was significantly higher in control plots. Our results indicate that not all aims can be reached on one restoration site. It has to be discussed if it is better to invest a restoration budget for measures aiming to increase acceptance of endangered pioneer plant species from the spontaneous vegetation or to introduce more attractive and more competitive species of later successional stages.
Species dispersal, establishment, and assembly are crucial stages of the life history of plants, and clear understanding ofthe governing forces and rules that shape species composition in a particular community is vital for successful ecologicalrestoration. In this article, we focus on five aspects of seed dispersal and plant establishment, which should be consideredduring habitat restoration actions. In the first two sections, we discuss the success of spontaneous dispersal and establishmenton restoration based on either spatial dispersal or local seed banks. In the third section, we assess the possibilities ofspecies introduction and assisted dispersal. In the fourth section, we introduce some possibilities for the improvement ofestablishment success of spontaneously dispersed or introduced species. Finally, we highlight issues influencing long-termpersistence and sustainability of restored habitats, related to the alteration of management type and intensity, climate change,and spread of non-native species. With the present article, we introduce the special issue entitled “Seed dispersal and soil seedbanks – promising sources for ecological restoration” containing 15 papers by 62 authors from 10 countries arranged in theabovementioned five topics.
The present study investigates consumers’ acceptance of Se-biofortified apples, as well as Se health and nutrition claims that have been approved by the European Commission. Despite indications that such statements are more likely to be accepted if the carrier product itself has a healthy image, unprocessed fruits biofortified with Se have not been investigated in this context yet. Apples as the most frequently-consumed type of fresh fruit in Germany may offer the potential to improve the Se status of consumers when the produce is enriched with Se. Therefore, an online survey of 356 German adults was conducted to analyze different aspects that could affect the perception of and preference for the proposed product concept by consumers. The findings indicate a moderate acceptance of Se-biofortified apples, as well as of Se health and nutrition claims among the participants. Additional information about beneficial health effects of Se had a significant impact on consumer acceptance. People who regularly eat convenience food and prefer to buy apples at supermarkets were particularly attracted by the product idea. In conclusion, the results of the study indicate good prospects for a successful introduction of Se-rich apples in the German food market, if the produce is advertised with approved health and nutrition claims.
Naturentfremdung
(2018)
Personalsicherung ist eine gesundheitspolitische und
krankenhausmanagementbezogene Aufgabe. Die Verbindung zwischen Politik und Management kann über geeignete externe, politische Rahmenbedingungen und interne, managementbezogene Struktur- und Steuerungsmaßnahmen hergestellt werden. Dabei stellt sich zur Zeit die Frage, inwieweit über Gesetze und Verordnungen Vorgaben zum Personalbedarf gemacht werden sollen. Aktuelle Diskussionen zum Spannungsfeld zwischen politischer Gestaltung und Freiräumen des Managements bis hin zur Frage, inwieweit der Personalbedarf in einem Preissystem adäquat abgebildet werden kann, bilden den Gegenstand dieses Beitrags.
Krankenhauskultur – eine Frage der Entscheidung : Warum gelebte Werte und Normen entscheidend sind
(2018)
Je reibungsloser das Zusammenspiel von Management und Controlling, desto effektiver können die Entscheidungsprobleme des Krankenhausmanagements gelöst werden. In der Praxis treten allerdings regelmäßg Reibungsverluste in der Zusammenarbeit auf. Die Arbeitsbeziehung zwischen Controller und Manager ist häufig konfliktgeladen und wenig partnerschaftlich. Ursächlich für die negative Dynamik der Beziehung sind unterschiedliche Führungsentwürfe und Rollenbilder zum Controlling. Der Beitrag widmet sich den Anforderungen und der Struktur eines Controllings im Krankenhaus, das den Besonderheiten der Expertenorganisation gerecht werden kann.
Bericht über das 35. Symposium der Performing Arts Medicine Association in Snowmass, Colorado
(2018)
Musikermedizin
(2018)
The distribution of a species along a thermal gradient is commonly approximated by a unimodal response curve, with a characteristic single optimum near the tempera‐ture where a species is most likely to be found, and a decreasing probability of occur‐rence away from the optimum. We aimed at identifying thermal response curves (TRCs) of European freshwater species and evaluating the potential impact of climate warming across species, taxonomic groups, and latitude. We first applied generalized additive models using catchment‐scale global data on distribution ranges of 577 freshwater species native to Europe and four different temperature variables (the current annual mean air/water temperature and the maximum air/water temperature of the warmest month) to describe species TRCs. We then classified TRCs into one of eight curve types and identified spatial patterns in thermal responses. Finally, we in‐tegrated empirical TRCs and the projected geographic distribution of climate warm‐ing to evaluate the effect of rising temperatures on species’ distributions. For the different temperature variables, 390–463 of 577 species (67.6%–80.2%) were char‐acterized by a unimodal TRC. The number of species with a unimodal TRC decreased from central toward northern and southern Europe. Warming tolerance (WT = maxi‐mum temperature of occurrence—preferred temperature) was higher at higher lati‐tudes. Preferred temperature of many species is already exceeded. Rising temperatures will affect most Mediterranean species. We demonstrated that fresh‐water species’ occurrence probabilities are most frequently unimodal. The impact of the global climate warming on species distributions is species and latitude depend‐ent. Among the studied taxonomic groups, rising temperatures will be most detri‐mental to fish. Our findings support the efforts of catchment‐based freshwater management and conservation in the face of global warming.
Wissenschaftsmanagement
(2018)
Die Entwicklungsrichtung ist eindeutig: Im Wintersemester 2017/2018 waren bereits 2,8 Mio.
Studierende an 428 Hochschulen in Deutschland eingeschrieben. Im Zehn-Jahres-Vergleich
bedeutet das einen Zuwachs von gut 46% – Tendenz steigend. Für 2016 wurden bundesweit
385 Haupt- und 234 Sub-Standorte ermittelt, mehr als eine Verfünffachung gegenüber 1991
(Hüning et al. 2017). Für Städte sind Studierende eine immer wichtiger werdende Akteurs-
gruppe: Sie beleben und verjüngen die Stadt, wirken teilweise als kreative Raumpioniere in
Innenstädten oder benachteiligten Quartieren, können das Image der Stadt positiv beein-
flussen und sind nicht zuletzt eine relevante wirtschaftliche Einnahmequelle.
Highlights • We investigate how peer learning impacts elite footballers' performance. • We interview twelve elite footballers from German Bundesliga clubs. • Our findings highlight that peers are important knowledge sources in football. • Knowledge sharing positively impacts elite players' development and performance. • The findings call for management tactics to use this untapped potential. Abstract This research focuses on coworker learning and knowledge sharing amongst elite footballers. The authors provide an in-depth understanding on how elite footballers learn from their peers and which channels are used to share their knowledge. The authors also analyze how peer learning impacts an elite footballer's development and performance and to what extent elite football clubs actively support peer learning. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 elite footballers from first and second division German Bundesliga clubs. The findings demonstrate that peers are very important sources of knowledge for elite footballers. There are four main knowledge sharing channels: observing/imitating, peer exchange/peer communication, labor mobility and knowledge brokers. The findings highlight the positive impact of knowledge sharing on elite players' development and performance and call for future (knowledge) management tactics to specifically use this untapped potential.
Entrapment neuropathies are the most prevalent type of peripheral neuropathy and often a challenge to diagnose and treat. To a large extent, our current knowledge is based on empirical concepts and early (often biomechanical) studies. This Viewpoint will challenge some of the current beliefs with recent advances in both basic and clinical neurosciences.
Change-Projekte sollen Organisationen verändern. Was konkret erneuert wird, variiert je nach Projekt und den damit verbundenen Zielen. Typischerweise geht es um Strate-gien, Prozesse, Strukturen, Unternehmenskultur, Technologien oder auch die Raum- und Gebäudegestaltung. Was sich bei jedem Projekt verändern muss, egal um welches Thema es geht, sind Einstellungen, Verhaltensweisen und Interaktionsmuster der Menschen in der Organisation. Change Management sollte daher immer darauf abzielen, Verhaltensänderungen zu unterstützen.
Das Selbstkonzept von Menschen wird heute stark durch ihre Arbeit und die Zugehörigkeit zu den Gruppen ihres Unternehmens geprägt. Change-Prozesse verändern, was man tut, und oft auch, mit wem man zusammenarbeitet. Dies kann die Identität der Betroffenen bedrohen, zu Stress führen und Unterstützung für den Wandel blockieren. Change ist somit identitätsrelevant und Verantwortliche sollten unterschiedliche Bedrohungen des Selbstkonzepts kennen und gezielt Maßnahmen einsetzen, um sie abzuschwächen.
Ein Fallbeispiel offenbart das komplexe Zusammenspiel von Kopfschmerzen und Alltagsbelastungen. Es macht deutlich, wie viele Ansätze es bei der Behandlung von Kopfschmerzerkrankungen gibt, und wie oft die Betroffenen von Pontius zu Pilatus geschickt werden, um adäquate Hilfe zu erhalten. Hierbei werden physiotherapeutische Interventionen außer Acht gelassen, oder sie dienen nur als ultimo ratio – zu Unrecht, wie aktuelle Studien belegen.
Volkskrankheit Kopfschmerz
(2018)
Für die Schmerzentstehung von Kokzygodynie können sowohl lokale als auch entfernte Strukturen verantwortlich sein. Deshalb gilt es, die Quellen der Symptome für jeden Einzelfall zu identifizieren und durch Clinical Reasoning zu untermauern. Da keine Korrelation zwischen den Symptomen und dem Grad der Steißbeinkrümmung besteht, lässt sich ein Behandlungserfolg nicht mit der Korrektur der Steißbeinstellung erklären. Der Therapieverlauf muss durch andere Parameter kontrolliert werden, wie z. B. Schmerzreduktion und Verbesserung der funktionalen Beeinträchtigungen. Da die Kokzygodynie eng mit psychosozialen Prozessen in Verbindung zu stehen scheint, ist bei Kindern und chronischen Schmerzgeschehen besondere Aufmerksamkeit geboten.
Eine gängige Behandlungsoption bei Kokzygodynie stellt die muskuloskeletale Therapie dar, über deren Wirksamkeit allerdings wenig bekannt ist. Aus diesem Grund ging dieser systematische Literaturreview der Forschungsfrage nach, ob sich Kokzygodynie mit muskuloskeletaler Therapie effektiv behandeln lässt. Obwohl die Validität der ausgewählten Studien eher gering ausfiel, waren ihre Ergebnisse durchweg positiv. Insgesamt erwies sich muskuloskeletale Therapie bei Kokzygodynie als effektive Behandlungsform.
Recognition of Emotional Facial Expressions and Alexithymia in Patients with Chronic Facial Pain
(2018)
Objectives
Alexithymia, conceived as difficulties to identify emotions, is said to be related with several pain syndromes. This study examined the recognition of facially expressed emotions and its relation to alexithymia in subjects with chronic facial pain.
Methods
A total of 62 subjects were recruited, with n=20 patients with chronic facial pain and n=42 healthy controls. All subjects were tested for the recognition of facially expressed emotions (Facially Expressed Emotion Labelling Test (FEEL test). The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-26) was used for the diagnosis of alexithymia.
Results
Patients with chronic facial pain performed worse than controls at the FEEL task (p<.001) and showed higher total TAS scores (p<.001). This indicates the presence of alexithymia and facial emotion recognition deficits in the facial pain group.
Discussion
It was concluded from the results that both the recognition of facially expressed emotions, and the ability to identify and describe one’s own feelings (TAS), are restricted in chronic orofacial pain patients. This relationship is particularly important in the treatment of chronic facial pain, indicating that it should become part of the treatment in addition to the therapeutic key issues, to influence the quality of life of the affected patients positively.
„Wissen ist Macht“. Diese Redewendung ist sicherlich keine Neuheit. Im Rahmen des Knowledge Managements wird die aktuelle Gültigkeit dieses geflügelten Wortes jedoch mehr denn je unterstrichen. Das Wissen über den Kunden gilt als zentraler Erfolgsfaktor, wodurch den Methoden zur Generierung dieses Wissens eine signifikante Bedeutung zukommt. Immer mehr Unternehmen beschäftigen sich mit dem Thema Kundentracking im stationären Handel und das Angebot von Dienstleistungen in diesem Bereich steigt folglich stetig. Durch die gewonnen Daten können Vertriebs- und Marketingaktivitäten zielgerichtet durchgeführt werden, wodurch das Einkaufserlebnis der Kunden und die Verkaufszahlen von Einzelhändlern nachhaltig gesteigert werden können. Die beidseitigen Vorteile des Kundentrackings hat auch das Modehaus Lengermann und Trieschmann GmbH & Co. KG aus Osnabrück erkannt. Hierbei handelt es sich um das größte inhabergeführte Modehaus Norddeutschlands.
Mehr Start-up im Konzern
(2018)
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Research in music medicine has reported incidence rates of musculoskeletal disorders of approx. 70% in instrumental musicians. String players have the highest risk, with rates of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) of 65% to 88%. Playing the violin or viola requires complex neuromusculoskeletal skills, and the high frequency of repetitive movements, dynamic and static muscle load, awkward postures, poor technique, and practice time are factors causing musculoskeletal strain. In ergonomic terms, these disorders can be categorized based on extrinsic and intrinsic loads. Identification of intrinsic loads, such as muscle utilization and joint motion, is necessary to understand factors influencing musculoskeletal disorders associated with violin playing. The aim of this study was to review the literature on musculoskeletal demands in violin and viola playing.
METHODS: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, COCHRANE, and CINAHL electronic databases from 1999 to 2015 using the search terms violin, viola, high strings, movement, posture, and synonyms. A manual search of Medical Problems of Performing Artists was also conducted. Additional references were identified by searching the citations and reference lists of all identified relevant studies. RESULTS: The results suggest that an asymmetric playing posture, the associated muscle activity, and joint mobility may contribute to musculoskeletal problems in violin and viola players. Evidence suggests an increased load of intrinsic factors in violin/viola performance.
CONCLUSION: The identification of intrinsic loads in violin and viola playing may facilitate the development of prevention strategies and interventions.
BACKGROUND: Muscle fatigue seems to be a risk factor in the development of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) in musicians, but it is unclear how muscle activity characteristics change between musicians with and without PRMDs over a prolonged playing period.
PURPOSE: To investigate muscle activity patterns in muscles of the arms, shoulder, and back of high string musicians during prolonged performance.
METHODS: Fifteen professional or university high string musicians were divided into PRMD and non-PRMD groups. All musicians played a chromatic scale, then an individual “heavy” piece for 1 hr, and finally the chromatic scale again. Surface electromyography (sEMG) data were recorded from 16 muscles of the arm, shoulder, and trunk on both sides of the body. Two parameters were analyzed: the percentage load in relation to the respective maximum force during the chromatic scale, and the low-frequency spectrum to determine the fatigue behavior of muscles during the 1-hr play.
RESULTS: Changes in muscle activation patterns were observed at the beginning and end of the trial duration; however, these varied depending on whether musicians had PRMDs or no PRMDs. In addition, low-frequency spectrum changes were observed after 1 hr of playing in the PRMD musicians, consistent with signs of muscular fatigue.
CONCLUSION: Differences in muscle activity appear between high string musicians with and without PRMDs as well as altered frequency spectrum shifts, suggesting possible differential muscle fatigue effects between the groups. The applied sEMG analysis proved a suitable tool for detailed analysis of muscle activation characteristics over prolonged playing periods for musicians with and without PRMDs.
AIM: In this prospective longitudinal study, the physical and psychological health status of music students is assessed at the beginning of their university music study and tracked over time. Analysis strategies and interim results from the first-year cohort, including 1-year incidences, monthly prevalences, and predictors of developing musculoskeletal health complaints (MHC), are presented.
METHODS: This prospective longitudinal study is calculated to enlist a total sample of 370 participants, including musicians and non-musicians, over 5 years. Baseline measurements include a self-designed questionnaire, core strength endurance, hypermobility, finger-floor-distance, motor control, mechanosensitivity, health-related quality of life (SF36), and stress and coping inventory (SCI). The occurrence of MHC is based on monthly online questionnaires.
RESULTS: The first-year subcohort enrolled 33 music students and 30 non-music control students. The mean monthly completion rate for the questionnaire was 55.7±8.7%. At baseline, music students showed significantly more stress symptoms, reduced physical function¬ing, and increased bodily pain compared to control students. The 1-year incidence of MHC was 59% for music students and 44% for controls. Risk factors for MHC included being a music student, previous pain, reduced physical functioning, stress symptoms, reduced emotional functioning, and mechanosensitivity. Being a music student, physical functioning, sleep duration, positive thinking, and general mechanosensitivity had a predictive ability of 0.77 (ROC curve) for MHC.
CONCLUSION: A total of 63 students enrolled in the first cohort is in line with the precalculated sample size. This prospective study design enables the measurement of MHC incidence and provides insight into mechanisms in the development of MHC among music students, including the interaction of physical, psychological, and psychosocial factors.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify and systematically categorize musculoskeletal assessments used in quantitatively based studies about posture and movement in musicians playing high string instruments (violin, viola) in order to inform further research and help to identify gaps in knowledge.
METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases Cochrane, CINAHL, and PubMed as well as the journal Medical Problems of Performing Artists. Additional studies were searched within the reference lists of relevant articles. Sixty-four studies conducted since 1999 until May 2017 were included according to predefined inclusion criteria.
RESULTS: Various biomechanical measurement instruments were used in 24 of the selected studies in order to collect two- and three-dimensional kinematic data: optoelectronic systems with active and passive markers, electromagnetic systems, ultrasonic motion analysis systems, and image-based analysis of posture. In 11 studies, kinetics were measured by optoelectronic systems, force sensors, and a posturographic device. Further studies used electromyography to evaluate muscle activity (19 studies) as well as instruments to measure range of motion (2 studies). Additionally, a broad range of clinical examination techniques (35 studies) and self-reports (36 studies) were used to assess the musculoskeletal system of high string players.
CONCLUSION: The identified assessments could be used both in further research and in practical work in order to evaluate posture and movement in high string players. For future research, qualitatively based studies as well as psychometrically tested quantitatively based self-report assessments are required.
The paradox of Indian women’s declining presence in the labor market despite their
advancements in higher education leads to questions regarding how this “leaky pipeline” can be
patched and (partly) prevented. At the same time, female educational advancement in Western
countries, such as Germany, does not equate to significantly more females in leadership positions
or changes in gender role expectations. In both the Indian and German contextual setting, women
face hurdles in developing their career and the risk of lifelong dependency or poverty.
This paper clarifies the perspectives of young females on leadership careers and success
before they enter the labor market and uses the results from career research to show “blind spots”
that might lead to hurdles for their future careers. The second contribution of the paper is
envisioning future teaching that (1) prevents females from making decisions that might lead to
dependency and poverty while fulfilling organizational and societal gender role expectations and
(2) fosters organizational changes that facilitates female careers. The Paper also reflects on the
learning stages necessary for transforming theoretical knowledge into practical solutions and
promoting more equal opportunities in the labor market.
Predictive Analytics könnte zu einem Erfolgsfaktor für das Personalmanagement werden. Den optimistischen Argumenten der Softwareanbieter stehen die Personalentscheider jedoch eher skeptisch gegenüber. Eine explorative Studie mit Experten beider Bereiche zeigt die Potenziale für die Zukunft, weist aber auch auf rechtliche, praktische und ethische Grenzen hin.
Despite the leaky pipeline of women on the way to top management positions, talent management research so far mostly neglects to integrate gender aspects in their concepts and theory. However, Gender studies show the relevant but mostly unconscious mechanism in society and organizations, which restrict career chances for women in a game in which the rules seem to be naturally set by traditional values and stereotypes. This qualitative study shows the perception of successful male and female managers concerning their perceptions of career options for both genders and gender equality in organizations, and what they expect from an equal-opportunity culture in organizations. The results show the necessity for a gender-sensitive Talent Management in research and practice.
Forschungsfrage: Erstmals wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit formale Kriterien der Gestaltung von Bewerbungsunterlagen valide Aussagen im Hinblick auf Persönlichkeitsmerkmale ermöglichen.
Methodik: Die Anschreiben und Lebensläufe von 127 realen Bewerbern/-innen werden hinsichtlich formaler Kriterien analysiert und anschließend der Zusammenhang zu sieben Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen berechnet. Nur vereinzelt fanden sich signifikante Zusammenhänge.
Praktische Implikationen: Es erscheint nicht sinnvoll, die regelkonforme Gestaltung von Bewerbungsunterlagen bei Auswahlentscheidungen zu berücksichtigen.
Sabine Krener ist enttäuscht. Sie bereitet sich auf einen Halbmarathon vor, hat aber zunehmend Probleme beim Laufen. Dass ihre Achillessehne schmerzt, kennt sie schon seit Jahren – nun wird es aber schlimmer, und es treten zudem ständig Krämpfe im rechten Bein auf. Zu allem Überfluss hat sie in den letzten sechs Wochen acht Kilo zugenommen.
Bei dieser mit dem dbl-Nachwuchspreis 2018 ausgezeichneten Pilotstudie erhielten sechs ProbandInnen in der Akutphase ihres erstmaligen Schlaganfalls eine hochfrequente Therapie in Anlehnung an die Propriozeptive Neuromuskuläre Fazilitation (PNF) kombiniert mit motorischer Imagination einer autobiografischen Erinnerung oder nur in Anlehnung an PNF. Zentrale Fragestellungen vor und nach der Intervention waren die Veränderungen des Schweregrades der Fazialisparese und der krankheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität der Betroffenen.
Background
Osteoarthritis of the knee is the most common cause for disability and limited mobility in the elderly, with considerable individual suffering and high direct and indirect disease-related costs. Nonsurgical interventions such as exercise, enhanced physical activity, and self-management have shown beneficial effects for pain reduction, physical function, and quality of life (QoL), but access to these treatments may be limited. Therefore, home therapy is strongly recommended. However, adherence to these programs is low. Patients report lack of motivation, feedback, and personal interaction as the main barriers to home therapy adherence. To overcome these barriers, electronic health (eHealth) is seen as a promising opportunity. Although beneficial effects have been shown in the literature for other chronic diseases such as chronic pain, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, a systematic literature review on the efficacy of eHealth interventions for patients with osteoarthritis of knee is missing so far.
Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of eHealth-supported home exercise interventions with no or other interventions regarding pain, physical function, and health-related QoL in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.
Methods
MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and PEDro were systematically searched using the keywords osteoarthritis knee, eHealth, and exercise. An inverse variance random-effects meta-analysis was carried out pooling standardized mean differences (SMDs) of individual studies. The Cochrane tool was used to assess risk of bias in individual studies, and the quality of evidence across studies was evaluated following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.
Results
The literature search yielded a total of 648 results. After screening of titles, abstracts, and full-texts, seven randomized controlled trials were included. Pooling the data of individual studies demonstrated beneficial short-term (pain SMD=−0.31, 95% CI −0.58 to −0.04, low quality; QoL SMD=0.24, 95% CI 0.05-0.43, moderate quality) and long-term effects (pain −0.30, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.53, moderate quality; physical function 0.41, 95% CI 0.17-0.64, high quality; and QoL SMD=0.27, 95% CI 0.06-0.47, high quality).
Conclusions
eHealth-supported exercise interventions resulted in less pain, improved physical function, and health-related QoL compared with no or other interventions; however, these improvements were small (SMD<0.5) and may not make a meaningful difference for individual patients. Low adherence is seen as one limiting factor of eHealth interventions. Future research should focus on participatory development of eHealth technology integrating evidence-based principles of exercise science and ways of increasing patient motivation and adherence.
Purpose
Differences between standard dysarthria treatment and the same treatment with the integration of neurodynamic techniques tailored to the severity of dysarthria in patients with Parkinson's disease were examined.
Method
In total, 10 subjects with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and rigid–hypokinetic dysarthria were enrolled in this quasi-randomized, controlled, single-blind, pre–post study. In each of 12 therapy sessions the control group (n = 5) received standard dysarthria treatment (usual care), while the intervention group (n = 5) received the same treatment with the addition of integrated neurodynamic treatment (special care).
Results
There was no significant difference between the two groups for either the pre-test (p = 0.739) or the post-test (p = 0.156) results. However, significant differences between the pre-test and post-test results within each group (intervention group p = 0.001; control group p = 0.003) were found.
Conclusions
The significant differences in the pre–post comparison within the groups may indicate a high probability of a positive effect of standard dysarthria treatment on the severity of dysarthria. In between-group comparisons, the study results indicated no evidence of a significant difference between standard dysarthria treatment with or without neurodynamics. Due to the small sample size, the effectiveness of the integration of neurodynamics into speech therapy cannot be definitively concluded for now. In order to be able to have generalized applicability, future studies with larger numbers of participants are required.
Objectives
To investigate differences in pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and longitudinal mechanosensitivity of the greater occipital nerve (GON) between patients with side-dominant head and neck pain (SDHNP) and healthy controls. Evaluation of neural sensitivity is not a standard procedure in the physical examination of headache patients but may influence treatment decisions.
Methods
Two blinded investigators evaluated PPTs on two different locations bilaterally over the GON as well as the occipitalis longsitting-slump (OLSS) in subjects with SDHNP (n = 38)) and healthy controls (n = 38).
Results
Pressure pain sensitivity of the GON was lower at the occiput in patients compared to controls (p = 0.001). Differences in pressure sensitivity of the GON at the nucheal line, or between the dominant headache side and the non-dominant side were not found (p > 0.05). The OLSS showed significant higher pain intensity in SDHNP (p < 0.001). In comparison to the non-dominant side, the dominant side was significantly more sensitive (p = 0.004).
Discussion
Palpation of the GON at the occiput and the OLSS may be potentially relevant tests in SDHNP. One explanation for an increased bilateral sensitivity may be sensitization mechanisms. Future research should investigate the efficacy of neurodynamic techniques directed at the GON.