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Usability is a core construct of website evaluation and inherently defined as interactive. Yet, when analysing first impressions of websites, expected usability, i.e., before use, is of interest. Here we investigate to what extend ratings of expected usability are related to (a) experienced usability, i.e., ratings after use, and (b) objective usability measures, i.e., task performance. Furthermore, we try to elucidate how ratings of expected usability are correlated to aesthetic judgments. In an experiment, 57 participants submitted expected usability ratings after the presentation of website screenshots in three viewing-time conditions (50, 500, and 10,000 ms) and after an interactive task (experienced usability). Additionally, objective usability measures (task completion and duration) and subjective aesthetics evaluations were recorded for each website. The results at both the group and individual level show that expected usability ratings are not significantly related either to experienced usability or objective usability measures. Instead, they are highly correlated with aesthetics ratings. Taken together, our results highlight the need for interaction in empirical website usability testing, even when exploring very early usability impressions. In our study, user ratings of expected usability were no valid proxy neither for objective usability nor for experienced website usability.
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the strategic consequences of manufacturing location decisions, with a focus on understanding the link between collocating manufacturing with other value chain activities, via reshoring or retaining and organizational agility.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses qualitative data from 115 interviews with executives from UK high value manufacturing companies to explore the recent phenomenon of reshoring and the strategic effects of manufacturing location.
Findings
The location of manufacturing is operationally and strategically important for multinational companies. The spatial dispersion of manufacturing is determined by firm-specific and external factors, both of which are subject to constant change. The analysis shows that concentrating on manufacturing in their home countries enables firms to increase organizational agility and stimulate innovation. Better integration with and more extensive collaboration between related value chain activities, such as research and development, sales and marketing, leads to higher flexibility, speed and responsiveness to customer requirements. However, under certain conditions, firms also continue to benefit from the known advantages of offshoring.
Originality/value
This research sheds light on possible strategic downsides of global value chains, characterized by dispersed activities and intermitted processes. The results provide evidence that retaining manufacturing or bringing back manufacturing operations to a company’s home country can increase organizational flexibility, speed, adaptability, innovativeness and responsiveness to customer requirements. As these capabilities are critical for long-term survival, especially in dynamic environments, firms need to review their global factory configurations and determine whether the short-term advantages of foreign locations continue to justify offshoring practices.
Zervikogene Kopfschmerzen werden als durch Dysfunktionen in der hochzervikalen Wirbelsäule verursachte Kopfschmerzen beschrieben. Einige medizinische Disziplinen betrachten diese Kopfschmerzform aufgrund unzureichender pathobiologischer Erklärungsmodelle kritisch oder halten sie teilweise sogar für nicht existent, während sie die neuromuskeloskeletale Therapie als eigenständige Entität anerkennt.
Anhand einer systematischen Literaturrecherche reflektiert die vorliegende Arbeit sowohl die gängigen Diagnosekriterien als auch die Unterschiede und Überlappungen von zervikogenem Kopfschmerz zu Migräne ohne Aura bzw. Spannungskopfschmerz unter Einbeziehung des tatsächlich vorherrschenden pathobiologischen Mechanismus.
Mit der Überlegung peripherer und zentraler Sensibilisierungsprozesse zeigten sich deutliche Überschneidungen im Bereich der pathobiologischen Mechanismen von zervikogenem Kopfschmerz, Migräne ohne Aura und Spannungskopfschmerz. Daher sollten die Diagnosekriterien um diesen Hintergrund erweitert bzw. angepasst werden. Aus manualtherapeutischer Sicht ergibt sich die mögliche Behandlung dieser Kopfschmerzarten nach eingehender struktureller Untersuchung und Screening angrenzender Faktoren unter Beachtung der zugrundeliegenden Schmerzmechanismen.
Background/Aim
This study aimed to establish the somatosensory profile of patients with lumbar radiculopathy at pre-and post-microdiscectomy and to explore any association between pre-surgical quantitative sensory test (QST) parameters and post-surgical clinical outcomes.
Methods
A standardized QST protocol was performed in 53 patients (mean age 38 ± 11 years, 26 females) with unilateral L5/S1 radiculopathy in the main pain area (MPA), affected dermatome and contralateral mirror sites and in age- and gender-,and body site-matched healthy controls. Repeat measures at 3 months included QST, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and numerous other clinical measures; at 12 months, only clinical measures were repeated. A change <30% on the ODI was defined as ‘no clinically meaningful improvement’.
Results
Patients showed a significant loss of function in their symptomatic leg both in the dermatome (thermal, mechanical, vibration detection p < .002), and MPA (thermal, mechanical, vibration detection, mechanical pain threshold, mechanical pain sensitivity p < .041) and increased cold sensitivity in the MPA (p < .001). Pre-surgical altered QST parameters improved significantly post-surgery in the dermatome (p < .018) in the symptomatic leg and in the MPA (p < .010), except for thermal detection thresholds and cold sensitivity. Clinical outcomes improved at 3 and 12 months (p < .001). Seven patients demonstrated <30% change on the ODI at 12 months. Baseline loss of function in mechanical detection in the MPA was associated with <30% change on the ODI at 12 months (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.09–6.37, p = .032).
Conclusion
Microdiscectomy resulted in improvements in affected somatosensory parameters and clinical outcomes. Pre-surgical mechanical detection thresholds may be predictive of clinical outcome.
Significance
This study documented quantitative sensory testing (QST) profiles in patients with lumbar radiculopathy in their main pain area (MPA) and dermatome pre- and post-microdiscectomy and explored associations between QST parameters and clinical outcome. Lumbar radiculopathy was associated with loss of function in modalities mediated by large and small sensory fibres. Microdiscectomy resulted in significant improvements in loss of function and clinical outcomes in 85% of our cohort. Pre-surgical mechanical detection thresholds in the MPA may be predictive of clinical outcome.
Wir kennen neurodynamische Tests und Behandlungsmethoden, nutzen diese alltäglich in der Praxis und gehen auf Kurse, um mehr darüber zu lernen. Aber was verstehen wir tatsächlich darunter? Kommen wir in unserem Verständnis darüber auf einen gemeinsamen Nenner? Dieser Artikel gibt einen Einblick in die Thematik Neurodynamik. Bisherige Überzeugungen stehen dabei auf dem Prüfstand.
Background and aims
In 2008, the International Association for the Study of Pain Special Interest Group on Neuropathic Pain (NeuPSIG) proposed a clinical grading system to help identify patients with neuropathic pain (NeP). We previously applied this classification system, along with two NeP screening tools, the painDETECT (PD-Q) and Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs pain scale (LANSS), to identify NeP in patients with neck/upper limb pain. Both screening tools failed to identify a large proportion of patients with clinically classified NeP, however a limitation of our study was the use of a single clinician performing the NeP classification. In 2016, the NeuPSIG grading system was updated with the aim of improving its clinical utility. We were interested in field testing of the revised grading system, in particular in the application of the grading system and the agreement of interpretation of clinical findings. The primary aim of the current study was to explore the application of the NeuPSIG revised grading system based on patient records and to establish the inter-rater agreement of detecting NeP. A secondary aim was to investigate the level of agreement in detecting NeP between the revised NeuPSIG grading system and the LANSS and PD-Q.
Methods
In this retrospective study, two expert clinicians (Specialist Pain Medicine Physician and Advanced Scope Physiotherapist) independently reviewed 152 patient case notes and classified them according to the revised grading system. The consensus of the expert clinicians’ clinical classification was used as “gold standard” to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the two NeP screening tools.
Results
The two clinicians agreed in classifying 117 out of 152 patients (ICC 0.794, 95% CI 0.716–850; κ 0.62, 95% CI 0.50–0.73), yielding a 77% agreement. Compared to the clinicians’ consensus, both LANSS and PD-Q demonstrated limited diagnostic accuracy in detecting NeP (LANSS sensitivity 24%, specificity 97%; PD-Q sensitivity 53%, specificity 67%).
Conclusions
The application of the revised NeP grading system was feasible in our retrospective analysis of patients with neck/upper limb pain. High inter-rater percentage agreement was demonstrated. The hierarchical order of classification may lead to false negative classification. We propose that in the absence of sensory changes or diagnostic tests in patients with neck/upper limb pain, classification of NeP may be further improved using a cluster of clinical findings that confirm a relevant nerve lesion/disease, such as reflex and motor changes. The diagnostic accuracy of LANSS and PD-Q in identifying NeP in patients with neck/upper limb pain remains limited. Clinical judgment remains crucial to diagnosing NeP in the clinical practice.
Implications
Our observations suggest that in view of the heterogeneity in patients with neck/upper limb pain, a considerable amount of expertise is required to interpret the revised grading system. While the application was feasible in our clinical setting, it is unclear if this will be feasible to apply in primary health care settings where early recognition and timely intervention is often most needed. The use of LANSS and PD-Q in the identification of NeP in patients with neck/upper limb pain remains questionable.
Background: The painDETECT questionnaire (PD-Q) has been used as a tool to characterize sensory abnormalities in patients with persistent pain. This study investigated whether the self-reported sensory descriptors of patients with painful cervical radiculopathy (CxRAD) and patients with fibromyalgia (FM), as characterized by responses to verbal sensory descriptors from PD-Q (sensitivity to light touch, cold, heat, slight pressure, feeling of numbness in the main area of pain), were associated with the corresponding sensory parameters as demonstrated by quantitative sensory testing (QST).
Methods: Twenty-three patients with CxRAD (eight women, 46.3 ± 9.6 years) and 22 patients with FM (20 women, 46.1 ± 11.5 years) completed the PD-Q. Standardized QST of dynamic mechanical allodynia, cold and heat pain thresholds, pressure pain thresholds, mechanical and vibration detection thresholds, was recorded from the maximal pain area. Comparative QST data from 31 age-matched healthy controls (HCs; 15 women) were obtained.
Results: Patients with CxRAD demonstrated a match between their self-reported descriptors and QST parameters for all sensory parameters except for sensitivity to light touch, and these matches were statistically significant compared with HC data (p ≤ 0.006). The FM group demonstrated discrepancies between the PD-Q and QST sensory phenotypes for all sensory descriptors, indicating that the self-reported sensory descriptors did not consistently match the QST parameters (p = ≤0.017).
Conclusion: Clinicians and researchers should be cautious about relying on PD-Q as a stand-alone screening tool to determine sensory abnormalities in patients with FM.
Identification of differences in clinical presentation and underlying pain mechanisms may assist the classification of patients with neck–arm pain which is important for the provision of targeted best evidence based management. The aim of this study was to: (i) assess the inter-examiner agreement in using specific systems to classify patients with cervical radiculopathy and patients with non-specific neck–arm pain associated with heightened nerve mechanosensitivity (NSNAP); (ii) assess the agreement between two clinical examiners and two clinical experts in classifying these patients, and (iii) assess the diagnostic accuracy of the two clinical examiners. Forty patients with unilateral neck–arm pain were examined by two clinicians and classified into (i) cervical radiculopathy, (ii) NSNAP, (iii) other. The classifications were compared to those made independently by two experts, based on a review of patients' clinical assessment notes. The experts' opinion was used as the reference criterion to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examiners in classifying each patient group. There was an 80% agreement between clinical examiners, and between experts and 70%–80% between clinical examiners and experts in classifying patients with cervical radiculopathy (kappa between 0.41 and 0.61). Agreement was 72.5%–80% in classifying patients with NSNAP (kappa between 0.43 and 0.52). Clinical examiners' diagnostic accuracy was high (radiculopathy: sensitivity 79%–84%; specificity 76%–81%; NSNAP: sensitivity 78%–100%; specificity 71%–81%). Compared to expert opinion, clinicians were able to identify patients with cervical radiculopathy and patients with NSNAP in 80% of cases, our data supporting the reliability of these classification systems.
Nervenschmerz ist nicht gleich Nervenschmerz. Um Patienten mit ausstrahlenden Schmerzen, bei denen die Nerven eine Rolle spielen könnten, adäquat zu therapieren, sind eine gründliche Untersuchung und ein fundiertes Clinical Reasoning unerlässlich. Nur dadurch entpuppen sich die beiden Patientinnen mit fast identischen Symptomen als sehr unterschiedlich.
Neuropathischer Schmerz
(2014)
Neuropathische Schmerzen entstehen durch eine Läsion oder Erkrankung des somatosensorischen Nervensystems. Davon sind ca. 7 – 8 % der Normalbevölkerung betroffen. Patienten mit neuropathischen Schmerzen leiden unter erheblichen Einschränkungen ihrer Lebensqualität und die daraus resultierenden staatlichen Gesundheitskosten sind extrem hoch.
Die frühe Identifikation vorhandener neuropathischer Schmerzen ist ausschlaggebend für eine gezielte Schmerztherapie und Vorbeugung einer Chronifizierung des Krankheitszustandes. Das klinische Bild ist vielfältig, und die Diagnostik kann in der klinischen Praxis eine Herausforderung darstellen.
Der Schwerpunkt dieses Artikels liegt in der Untersuchung und Diagnosestellung neuropathischer Schmerzen.
Background: Lumbar discectomy is considered a safe, efficacious and cost-effective treatment for selected cases of patients with leg pain associated with the presence of a disc protrusion. But despite technically successful surgery, 30 % of patients complain of persistent pain on long-term follow up. Identification of possible predictors for a negative outcome is important, in the search for appropriate pre- and/or post-operative care and prevention of persistent disability. There is some evidence in the literature that quantitative sensory testing (QST) measures may play a role in prediction of patients’ pain persistency, however, this has never been investigated in patients undergoing lumbar discectomy.
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the predictive value of QST parameters, in combination with previously documented predictor variables such as medical/psychological/cognitive behavioural factors, in patients with lumbar radiculopathy and/or radicular pain, for predicting patients’ clinical outcome after lumbar discectomy.
Method: Participants with radiculopathy and/or radicular pain and confirmed imaging diagnosis of nerve root compression will be recruited from the elective surgery waitlist at one hospital. All participants will undergo lumbar discectomy performed by one neurosurgeon. A standardized QST protocol comprising all of the somatosensory sub-modalities that are mediated by different primary afferents (C-, Aδ-, Aβ-) will be performed prior to surgery. QST will be conducted in the patients’ main pain area and contralateral side, in the affected dermatome and at a remote control site. The presence of other predictor variables will be captured by questionnaires. Follow-up at 3 months will include QST and measurements of pain intensity, pain descriptors, functional status, health related quality of life, return to work and health care utilisation. A further 1-year follow-up will include the same measurements except QST.
Results/Conclusions: Identification of new predictor variables may assist in the development of pre-surgical screening methods and in targeted pre- and/or post-operative patient care, with the potential to improve patients’ functional status, quality of life, work capacity whilst also reducing health care costs associated with persistent disability
Objectives
To investigate differences in pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and longitudinal mechanosensitivity of the greater occipital nerve (GON) between patients with side-dominant head and neck pain (SDHNP) and healthy controls. Evaluation of neural sensitivity is not a standard procedure in the physical examination of headache patients but may influence treatment decisions.
Methods
Two blinded investigators evaluated PPTs on two different locations bilaterally over the GON as well as the occipitalis longsitting-slump (OLSS) in subjects with SDHNP (n = 38)) and healthy controls (n = 38).
Results
Pressure pain sensitivity of the GON was lower at the occiput in patients compared to controls (p = 0.001). Differences in pressure sensitivity of the GON at the nucheal line, or between the dominant headache side and the non-dominant side were not found (p > 0.05). The OLSS showed significant higher pain intensity in SDHNP (p < 0.001). In comparison to the non-dominant side, the dominant side was significantly more sensitive (p = 0.004).
Discussion
Palpation of the GON at the occiput and the OLSS may be potentially relevant tests in SDHNP. One explanation for an increased bilateral sensitivity may be sensitization mechanisms. Future research should investigate the efficacy of neurodynamic techniques directed at the GON.
Freshwater ecosystems host disproportionately high numbers of species relative to their surface area yet are poorly protected globally. We used data on the distribution of 1631 species of aquatic plant, mollusc, odonate and fish in 18,816 river and lake catchments in Europe to establish spatial conservation priorities based on the occurrence of threatened, rangerestricted and endemic species using the Marxan systematic conservation planning tool. We found that priorities were highest for rivers and ancient lakes in S Europe, large rivers and lakes in E and N Europe, smaller lakes in NW Europe and karst/limestone areas in the Balkans, S France and central Europe. The a priori inclusion of well-protected catchments resulted in geographically more balanced priorities and better coverage of threatened (critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable) species. The a priori exclusion of well-protected catchments showed that priority areas that need further conservation interventions are in S and E Europe. We developed three ways to evaluate the correspondence between conservation priority and current protection by assessing whether a cathment has more (or less) priority given its protection level relative to all other catchments. Each method found that priority relative to protection was high in S and E Europe and generally low in NW Europe. The inclusion of hydrological connectivity had little influence on these patterns but decreased the coverage of threatened species, indicating a trade-off between connectivity and conservation of threatened species. Our results suggest that catchments in S and E Europe need urgent conservation attention (protected areas, restoration, management, species protection) in the face of imminent threats such as river regulation, dam construction, hydropower development and climate change. Our study presents continental-scale conservation priorities for freshwater ecosystems in ecologically meaningful planning units and will thus be important in freshwater biodiversity conservation policy and practice, and water management in Europe.
Neuere Tendenzen zur personellen Reichweite des Arbeitnehmerschutzes im englischen Arbeitsrecht
(2016)
In diesem erfahrungsbasierten Artikel geht es um die praktische Anwendung von Recovery-Strukturen-Setting und den Versuch, das Potenzial von Recovery für den rehabilitativen Bereich der Psychiatrie herauszustellen. Darüber hinaus wird weiterer Forschungsbedarf dargestellt. Hintergrund ist ein zehnwöchiges Praktikum in einer Tagesklinik in der Schweiz.
Globales Talentmanagement
(2010)
Viele Defizite bei den Chefs
(2014)
Objective: To understand the significance of healthy living for users, professionals and managers of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) team.
Methods: Research of a qualitative nature, based on grounded theory. For data collection, interviews were conducted with 25 participants, including users, professionals and managers of a FHS team, during the period between March and December, 2009. Results: The collection and analysis of data was conducted in a systematic and comparative manner, demonstrating that healthy living can be characterized as a selforganizing process, mediated by the action of the FHS team professionals, especially by the community health agent, through creation of bonds of trust and stimulation of interactions and community associations. Conclusion: We concluded that healthy living is a singular phenomenon, complex, interactive, associative, political and social, coupled with the active involvement and participation of the users and by the engagement of effective and socially responsible professionals, managers and established political authorities.
Estudo qualitativo que partiu da questão: como vêm sendo construídas as teorias e modelos de cuidado de enfermagem, focalizando o processo de construção da teoria substantiva, referente à Tese que teve como objetivos compreender o significado do ambiente de cuidados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e construir um modelo teórico sobre ele. O método utilizado foi a Grounded Theory. Realizaram-se 39 entrevistas com 47 sujeitos diferenciados de três Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Adulto, em Florianópolis/SC, Santa Maria/RS e Pelotas/RS, entre junho de 2009 a setembro de 2010. A teoria "Sustentando a vida no ambiente complexo de cuidados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva" foi delimitada por oito categorias. Conclui-se que sustentar a vida no ambiente de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva significa investir intensivamente no cuidado de pacientes instáveis, com auxílio de tecnologias diferenciadas e profissionais capacitados, trabalhando em equipe, onde se convive com estresse/conflitos e dificuldades para lidar com a morte.
O presente estudo objetivou compreender o significado da atuação profissional de uma equipe ESF em uma comunidade socialmente vulnerável. Utilizou-se como referencial metodológico a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e como técnica de coleta de dados a entrevista, realizada entre julho a dezembro de 2009, com 25 profissionais que integram a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). A análise dos dados demonstrou que a ESF pode ser considerada uma estratégia facilitadora e estimuladora do processo de ampliação e de consolidação das redes de cuidado em saúde, à medida que sinaliza para uma nova abordagem de intervenção comunitária, pela valorização do ser humano como um ser singular e multidimensional, inserido em seu contexto real. Um novo modelo assistencial se desenvolve, em suma, mediante a reorganização da prática de atenção à saúde, intermediada pela multiplicidade de relações, interações e associações complexas que ocorrem no contexto familiar e social.
O presente estudo objetivou compreender o significado da atuação profissional de uma equipe ESF em uma comunidade socialmente vulnerável. Utilizou-se como referencial metodológico a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e como técnica de coleta de dados a entrevista, realizada entre julho a dezembro de 2009, com 25 profissionais que integram a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). A análise dos dados demonstrou que a ESF pode ser considerada uma estratégia facilitadora e estimuladora do processo de ampliação e de consolidação das redes de cuidado em saúde, à medida que sinaliza para uma nova abordagem de intervenção comunitária, pela valorização do ser humano como um ser singular e multidimensional, inserido em seu contexto real. Um novo modelo assistencial se desenvolve, em suma, mediante a reorganização da prática de atenção à saúde, intermediada pela multiplicidade de relações, interações e associações complexas que ocorrem no contexto familiar e social.
O presente estudo, de caráter teórico, objetivou analisar e discutir um possível código binário para o sistema de Enfermagem, no sentido de identificar o seu próprio saber, na perspectiva dos pressupostos teóricos de Niklas Luhmann. Apostar em uma comunicação funcionalmente diferenciada e socialmente relevante para o sistema de enfermagem implica em transcender o tradicional código saúde-doença, predominante no sistema de saúde e cuja comunicação socialmente relevante é a doença. Implica, ainda, em investir proativamente na promoção e proteção do viver saudável de indivíduos, famílias e comunidades, para que a saúde seja o ponto central das discussões e intervenções.
Objective: To understand the meaning of the Learning Incubator as a teaching and learning technology in the nursing area.
Method: Qualitative research, supported by grounded theory. Data was collected from March to November 2019, through interviews with guiding questions and hypotheses directed at two different groups. The analysis was done by comparative data analysis and included open, axial and integrated coding, as proposed by the method. The theoretical sample included 23 participants, which were nurses, technicians, and nursing students.
Results: The delimitation of the categories converged in the phenomenon (Re)signifying knowledge and practices in the Learning Incubator. Guided by the paradigmatic model, the categories were named according to the three following components: Condition: Recognizing that the being and the professional practice are inextricable; Action/interaction: Revisiting professional practices that are repetitive and mechanic; Consequence: Referring to the reflections and knowledge constructed in the Learning Incubator.
Conclusion: The Learning Incubator, as seen by the study participants, is not limited to the Incubator meetings or the themes addressed in it. Beyond a welcoming physical space, the Incubator expands itself and becomes a tool that promotes self-reflection and self-assessment of professional behaviors and attitudes.
Objective:
to carry out a theoretical reflection on the Nursing Now Campaign and the experience of the unexpected irruptions facing the pandemic period.
Method:
a theoretical-reflective study, supported by the theoretical framework of complexity thinking. It aims at understanding the dialogic between the notions of order, disorder and organization, which translate the transition from simplification to complexity of the pandemic phenomenon and its relation to the theme of Nursing Now and Nursing in the future.
Results:
the universe of phenomena is simultaneously composed of order, disorder and organization. Reasserting the central role of Nursing in the health team, facing the irruptions and uncertainties caused by the current pandemic, implies the ability to dialog with disorder and raise a new and more complex global (re)organization of the being and doing Nursing.
Conclusion:
in addition to answers, theoretical reflection raises new questions and irruptions. The inseparability between the notions of order and disorder in the evolutionary dynamics of the Nursing system is conceived and the promotion of even more complex levels of organization, management and Nursing assistance to achieve universal access to health is advocated.
OBJETIVOS: Compreender o significado do cuidado de enfermagem como prática social empreendedora.
MÉTODOS: Foi baseada na Grounded Theory que, de forma sistemática, criativa e interativa possibilitou o desenvolvimento da teoria: "Vislumbrando o cuidado de enfermagem como prática social empreendedora". Amostra teórica constituiu-se de 35 sujeitos entrevistados, distribuídos em diferentes grupos amostrais. RESULTADOS: O cuidado de enfermagem como prática social empreendedora está associado ao sistema de relações e interações, à capacidade de interagir com os diferentes atores sociais, na capacidade de criar novos canais de comunicação e ações pró-ativas.
CONCLUSÃO: A partir do cuidado como prática social empreendedora é possível atuar de forma pró-ativa, inovadora e participativa, sem desconsiderar as contradições sociais emergentes.
Objective:
To understand the meaning of entrepreneurial nursing care as inducer of healthy practices in vulnerable communities.
Method:
Grounded theory, whose data collection took place between March and December 2019, from interviews with 19 participants from the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and comparative data analysis.
Results:
The phenomenon was delimited: Experiencing small/big transformations in the invisibility of everyday life in promoting healthy practices in vulnerable communities. Conducted by the paradigmatic model, the categories were named based on the components: Condition: Making choices and negotiating non-negotiable exchanges; Action/interaction: Motivating oneself to maintain basic human needs; Consequence: Broadening perspectives and transcending personal and collective boundaries.
Conclusion:
Entrepreneurial nursing care as inducer of healthy practices in vulnerable communities is not reduced to a scientific theory or to the linear and decontextualized apprehension of healthy living, but extends to reach small/big transformations that occur in the invisibility of everyday life.
Objectives: To identify emancipatory strategies to strengthen the social protagonism of recyclable materials collectors in the light of entrepreneurial Nursing care.
Methods: Qualitative study carried out in two stages: field approach from healthcare interventions in a Recycling Materials Association, and individual interviews conducted between October and December 2018.
Results: The analysis resulted in three thematic categories: Social contribution of recyclable materials collectors; From the assistentialist perception to entrepreneurial Nursing care; Emancipatory strategies of recycling work.
Final Considerations: The emancipatory strategies to strengthen the social protagonism of recyclable materials collectors in the light of entrepreneurial Nursing care are related to the appreciation, recognition and enhancement of social work that has been already performed by these professionals, and to the creation of spaces for the socialization of experiences, expectations and perspectives.
Das Selbstkonzept von Menschen wird heute stark durch ihre Arbeit und die Zugehörigkeit zu den Gruppen ihres Unternehmens geprägt. Change-Prozesse verändern, was man tut, und oft auch, mit wem man zusammenarbeitet. Dies kann die Identität der Betroffenen bedrohen, zu Stress führen und Unterstützung für den Wandel blockieren. Change ist somit identitätsrelevant und Verantwortliche sollten unterschiedliche Bedrohungen des Selbstkonzepts kennen und gezielt Maßnahmen einsetzen, um sie abzuschwächen.
Change-Projekte sollen Organisationen verändern. Was konkret erneuert wird, variiert je nach Projekt und den damit verbundenen Zielen. Typischerweise geht es um Strate-gien, Prozesse, Strukturen, Unternehmenskultur, Technologien oder auch die Raum- und Gebäudegestaltung. Was sich bei jedem Projekt verändern muss, egal um welches Thema es geht, sind Einstellungen, Verhaltensweisen und Interaktionsmuster der Menschen in der Organisation. Change Management sollte daher immer darauf abzielen, Verhaltensänderungen zu unterstützen.
Achtsam durch den Change
(2019)
In vielen Wirtschaftsunternehmen, aber auch in Institutionen wie Schulen oder Hochschulen haben Achtsamkeitsübungen Einzug gehalten. Die Forschungsprojekte und Publikationen dazu boomen und stoßen auf großes Interesse in der Öffentlichkeit. Man will beispielsweise wissen, wie sich Achtsamkeit auf die psychische und physische Gesundheit, das Konzentrationsvermögen, die Selbstund Emotionsregulation, die Entscheidungskompetenz, das Konfliktverhalten, die soziale und moralische Kompetenz, die Kreativität oder auch die Lernfähigkeit auswirkt. Da liegt es nahe zu fragen: Kann Achtsamkeit auch für das Change Management bedeutsam sein?
Das Thema Büroschlaf eignet sich gut zur allgemeinen Erheiterung. Als eine deutsche Stadtverwaltung ihren Beamten eröffnete, sich während der Arbeitszeit durch einen kurzen Schlaf erholen zu können, ließ der Spott der Öffentlichkeit, die damit ein Klischee erfüllt sah, nicht lange auf sich warten. Inzwischen jedoch haben sich auch die ersten Großunternehmen dem sogenannten Powernapping (was gleich viel fortschrittlicher klingt) geöffnet. Unsere Autoren haben untersucht, ob der Mittagsschlaf tatsächlich positive Auswirkungen auf die Konzentrationsfähigkeit von Beschäftigten hat.
Chronic illness can have a profound impact on couples’ relationships. In dealing with relational changes, new constructions and forms of relationships may arise. In the context of a larger grounded theory study on relational processes and practices in couples faced with chronic illness, this article focuses on concurrent relationships as an alternative form of relationship construction which embodies an additional relationship existing parallel to that of the couple confronted with chronic illness. Based on qualitative interviews with a subsample of five persons within the larger study, conditions for the development and characteristics of concurrent relationships are presented. From an individual and shared life questioned by chronic illness, concurrent relationships are formed in the attempt to be able to live on together in a new partner relationship and a continued care relationship. This can lead to new constructions of relationships, family life, and social relations in everyday life.
Hintergrund
Obwohl chronische Schulterschmerzen sehr weit verbreitet sind und myofasziale Triggerpunkte (mTrP) als häufig gelten, bleibt ihr Einfluss auf das Schmerzgeschehen unklar. Nur in wenigen kontrolliert angelegten Studien wurde der Effekt einer manuellen Triggerpunktintervention untersucht.
Zielsetzung
Diese randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie (RCT) vergleicht die kurzfristigen Effekte einer manuellen Druckdehnmanipulation (n = 6) bei unilateralen Schulterschmerzen und vorliegendem myofaszialem Syndrom (MFS) im Vergleich mit einer manuellen Scheintherapie (Sham-Therapie; n = 6).
Material und Methoden
Die Messungen erfolgten vor der ersten und nach der zweiten Intervention. Neben der Druckschmerzschwelle [„pressure pain thresholds“ [PPT]) der mTrP wurden symmetrisch lokalisierte Vergleichspunkte auf der symptomlosen Seite sowie neutrale Hyperalgesiepunkte erhoben, um eine potenzielle unilaterale oder generalisierte Hyperalgesie zu erkennen. Daneben wurden der Schmerzwert auf der visuellen Analogskala in Ruhe und bei Bewegung sowie der Neck Disability Index (NDI) und der Disability-of-Arm-Shoulder-Hand (DASH)-Fragebogen erhoben.
Ergebnisse
Beide Behandlungsmodalitäten führten zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung, allerdings war die manuelle Triggerpunktintervention der Sham-Therapie, gemessen an verschiedenen Parametern, signifikant überlegen.
Schlussfolgerung
Die signifikante PPT-Verbesserung in der Interventionsgruppe auch an unbehandelten Stellen lässt auf eine zentrale Modulation der Reizschwelle durch eine Druckdehnmanipulation schließen. Die signifikanten Effekte der Sham-Therapie sind möglicherweise darauf zurückzuführen, dass es sich um eine Hands-on-Technik handelt und dass es durch die Diagnostik und PPT-Messungen mehrmals zu einer Gewebevorspannung in der Triggerpunktregion kam.
Zeitschrift für Hebammenwissenschaft (Journal of Midwifery Science) Band/Jahrgang: 01/2013 Heft: 02
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Stellungnahmen
in Sweden. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 144(10), 1208-1214.
86 Crowther, C.A., Dodd, J.M., Hiller, J.E. et al. (2012). Planned Vaginal Birth or Elective Repeat Caesarean: Patient Preference Restricted Cohort with Nested Randomised Trial. PLoS Med 9(3): e1001192. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001192
87 Dodd, J.M., Crowther, C.A., Huertas, E., Guise, J.M. & Horey, D. (2009). Planned elective repeat caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for women with a previous caesarean birth (Review). The Cochrane Library. http://www.thecochranelibrary.com (Stand: 13.02.2013)
88 Knape, N. (2010). Sectio versus Spontangeburt: ökonomische Aspekte. Die Hebamme, 23(3), 176-182.
89 Matterne, A. (2012). Entscheidungsfindung von schwangeren Frauen nach vorangegangenem Kaiserschnitt bezüglich der Wahl ihres bevorstehenden Geburtsmodus. Eine hermeneu-tisch-interpretative Analyse problemzentrierter Interviews. Unveröffentlichte Masterthesis. Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg.
Autorinnen:
Andrea Matterne MSc, in Zusammenarbeit mit Dr. rer. medic. Gertrud M. Ayerle, Diplom Kauffrau (FH) Nina Knape und Dr. rer. medic. Rain-hild Schäfers
im Auftrag der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hebammenwissenschaft e.V. (DGHWi)
Stellungnahme zur Umsetzung des Deutschen Qualifikationsrahmens für lebenslangen Lernen (DQR) und der Zuordnung des Berufsabschlusses von Hebammen
Stellungnahme der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hebammenwissenschaft e. V.
10.10.2013
Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hebammenwissenschaft e.V. (DGHWi) verfolgt die Entwicklung rund um den Deutschen Qualifi-kationsrahmen für lebenslanges Lernen (DQR) mit großem Interes-se. Die DGHWi begrüßt die mit Stand vom 1.5.2013 vereinbarte Zurückstellung der Zuordnung der bundesrechtlich geregelten Ge-sundheitsfachberufe. Die ursprünglich geplante Zuordnung des Hebammenberufs auf DQR Niveaustufe 4 wird als unvereinbar mit der hohen Anforderungsstruktur der Qualifikation der Berufsgruppe betrachtet. Darüber hinaus ist diese Zuordnung nicht mit der zuneh-menden Qualifizierung von Berufsangehörigen auf tertiärem Bil-dungsniveau vereinbar. Die DGHWi plädiert mit Nachdruck für eine Höherstufung der derzeitigen beruflichen Erstqualifikation von Heb-ammen* an Berufsfachschulen auf DQR Niveau 5 und fordert wie-derholt die komplette Anhebung der Hebammenausbildung auf Bachelorniveau, das der Qualifikationsstufe 6 im DQR entspricht.
Hintergrund: Geburtshilfliche Interventionen nehmen weltweit zu, auch in Deutschland. Um deren Zahl zu reduzieren entstehen verschiedene Ansätze zur Förderung der normalen Geburt, so auch der deutsche „Expertinnenstandard Förderung der physiologischen Geburt“. Unter anderem wird darin eine Hebammensprechstunde gefordert. Inwieweit Hebammensprechstunden in Einrichtungen, die den Expertinnenstandard eingeführt haben, implementiert sind und ob sie in ihrer Ausgestaltung den Empfehlungen, so wie sie von den Entwicklerinnen intendiert waren (Adhärenz), folgen, ist bisher nicht bekannt. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, Analysemerkmale für die Hebammensprechstunde zu entwickeln, die Zielgruppe und Inhalte zu identifizieren und die Adhärenz zu untersuchen.
Methode: Eine Delphi-Befragung zur Entwicklung von Analysemerkmalen mit 3 Entwicklerinnen und eine quantitative Dokumentenanalyse der Dokumente der Hebammensprechstunden zweier Krankenhäuser wurde durchgeführt (Krankenhaus 1: n=92; Krankenhaus 2: n=62).
Ergebnisse: Sechs Merkmale (Dokumentation von „Sorgen und Ängste“, „Absprachen“, „Beratungsthemen“, „Themen, die besprochen wurden“, „Nachvollziehbarkeit der Möglichkeiten der Geburtsplanung“ und „Optionen der Geburtsplanung) wurden aus dem Expertinnenstandard identifiziert. Vor allem Erstgebärende (77,2%) nehmen die Hebammensprechstunde in Anspruch. Es zeigt sich ein breites Spektrum an Themen, die im Rahmen der Hebammensprechstunde angesprochen werden. Die Dokumente von Krankenhaus 2 belegen eine hohe Adhärenz, während die Dokumente von Krankenhaus 1 eine mittlere Adhärenz zeigen.
Schlussfolgerungen: Die Untersuchung der Adhärenz ermöglicht es Krankenhäusern, die Hebammensprechstunde auf ihre Umsetzung hin einzuschätzen. Auf Grundlage der hier vorgestellten Analyse können Anpassungen, z. B. an der Dokumentenstruktur oder den Beratungsinhalten vorgenommen werden. Im Kontext der Hebammensprechstunde besteht weiterer Forschungsbedarf zu den Implementierungsprozessen, um vorhandene Unterschiede in der Adhärenz besser zu erklären.
Hintergrund
Eine gute Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit ist die wesentliche Voraussetzung, um im Alter mobil und unabhängig zu bleiben. Bedingt durch die zunehmende Lebenserwartung gewinnt der Erhalt der körperlichen Funktionstüchtigkeit von Senioren immer weiter an Bedeutung. Das Ziel dieser randomisierten kontrollierten Studie war es, zu untersuchen, ob sich durch ein 3-wöchiges BalanceSlack-Training die Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit von Menschen im Alter ab 60 Jahren verbessert.
Methode
An der Studie nahmen 34 Probanden im Alter zwischen 60–72 Jahren teil. Die Teilnehmer wurden in eine Interventionsgruppe (n=17) und eine Kontrollgruppe (n=17) randomisiert. Die Interventionsgruppe trainierte über einen Zeitraum von 3 Wochen 2-mal wöchentlich für je 20 min auf einem „BalanceSlack“, die Kontrollgruppe bekam kein Training. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte in einer Eingangs- und einer Abschlussmessung. Es kamen zwei klinische (Functional-reach-Test und Gleichgewichtstest nach Wydra) und zwei biomechanische (posturographische Messungen auf einer Kraftmessplatte und das System BalensoSenso) Assessments zur Evaluation der dynamischen und quasistatischen Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit zum Einsatz.
Ergebnisse
Es wurden höchst signifikante Verbesserungen der dynamischen Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit der am BalanceSlack-Training teilnehmenden Senioren nachgewiesen. Hinsichtlich der quasistatischen Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit zeigte sich, dass die Probanden der Interventionsgruppe ihre Leistung im statischen Teil des Gleichgewichtstests nach Wydra höchst signifikant steigern konnten und die Länge des Schwankungsweges im Nahstand auf der Kraftmessplatte nach der Intervention signifikant verringert wurde. Alle weiteren Messungen unter quasistatischen Bedingungen zeigten keine signifikanten Verbesserungen der Interventionsgruppe, allerdings waren Tendenzen eines Trainingseffekts erkennbar. Die Kontrollgruppe verbesserte sich in keinem Test signifikant.
Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse legen den Schluss nahe, dass BalanceSlack-Training geeignet ist, die Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit von alten Menschen innerhalb kurzer Zeit deutlich zu verbessern.