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Flüssigfutter bei Milchkühen
(2021)
Ist die TMR zu feucht?
(2021)
The development of non-precious metal-based electrodes that actively and stably support the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrolysis systems remains a challenge, especially at low pH levels. The recently published study has conclusively shown that the addition of haematite to H2 SO4 is a highly effective method of significantly reducing oxygen evolution overpotential and extending anode life. The far superior result is achieved by concentrating oxygen evolution centres on the oxide particles rather than on the electrode. However, unsatisfactory Faradaic efficiencies of the OER and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) parts as well as the required high haematite load impede applicability and upscaling of this process. Here it is shown that the same performance is achieved with three times less metal oxide powder if NiO/H2 SO4 suspensions are used along with stainless steel anodes. The reason for the enormous improvement in OER performance by adding NiO to the electrolyte is the weakening of the intramolecular O─H bond in the water molecules, which is under the direct influence of the nickel oxide suspended in the electrolyte. The manipulation of bonds in water molecules to increase the tendency of the water to split is a ground-breaking development, as shown in this first example.
Functional foods are still of increasing interest among the scientific community. Based on the extensive literature about functional foods, four main research areas can be identified: functional food innovation (1); the scientific background of the health benefits of functional foods (2); the regulation of functional foods (3); and consumer acceptance of functional foods (4). These research areas are not detached from each other, and each presents a consumer perspective. Although multifaceted studies focus on consumer acceptance of functional foods, literature regarding a structured framework of the determinants of functional food acceptance is limited. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with an overview of the recent literature on consumer attitudes towards functional foods and with an extensive structured framework of the determinants of functional food acceptance and their intertwined relationships. The scientific literature discusses a plethora of determinants of consumer acceptance of functional foods. These determinants can be categorized into consumer and market attributes, which show interwoven relationships with each other. On the one hand, consumer attributes are widely discussed in the literature, while on the other hand structured analyses of the market perspective are inadequately represented. Additionally, the ongoing development of new scientific findings regarding health benefits of different functional ingredients leads to a large amount of new functional food products in the market. Consequently, the research area of functional foods and in particular consumer acceptance of functional food innovation will remain an important research field in the coming years.
The relevance of cross-industry innovation has increased in recent decades with a growing number of inter-industry fields emerging on the borderline between formerly distinct industries. The aim of this paper is to analyse industry convergence in four probiotics innovation value chains based on the following indicators: cross-industry relationships along the innovation value chain as well as knowledge, technological, regulatory and competence convergence. In so doing, the study delivers a framework of indicators for scrutinising industry convergence processes. In order to identify industry convergence, we analyse companies in the converging area of foods and drugs based on products containing the four bacteria strains: Lactobacillus caseii DN 114001, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Hence, the commercial availability of the strains on the market serves as a selection criterion. Altogether 12 companies stemming from four industrial backgrounds, food and agriculture (5), pharmaceutics (5), chemistry (1) and personal care (1), as well as one research organisation are identified. Cross-industry relationships occur along the innovation value chains of the four strains. Clear signs of knowledge and technological convergence are found as companies are not only publishing and patenting in the usual area of their own industrial field but also in the area of other industrial fields. Companies with different industrial backgrounds show activities in obtaining health claims indicating regulatory convergence. Companies' competence bases seem to converge as companies with different industrial backgrounds are involved in acquisitions, licencing agreements and strategic alliances (competence convergence). We contribute to the existing body of literature by assessing industry convergence from an innovation value chain perspective with a set of indicators reflecting the intensity of industry convergence. This framework of indicators stemming from literature has not yet been used in a combined comprehensive analysis. Furthermore, we tried to show the characteristics of strategic types driving industry convergence in probiotics.
The aim of this paper is to advance the research on innovation at the pharma-nutrition interface by analysing the three steps of science, technology and market convergence in the area of probiotics using a life cycle perspective. Results from a bibliometric analysis drawing upon 8245 scientific publications, 2082 patents and 1357 news reports focussing on product launch announcements from 1990 up to 2009 indicate that the proposed curve shapes of the life cycles in the theory based framework can be transferred to the case of probiotics. There is a time shift considering the life cycles showing the same activities of the industrial sectors at different moments of time. The food sector dominates the field of probiotics by driving science, technology and market convergence showing earlier activities in scientific publications, patents as well as product launches, while presenting a higher clockspeed between the different life cycle phases. While the food sector dominates product launches for food products containing probiotics, the pharmaceutical sector dominates the product launches of the supplement market. In addition, a clear trend towards industry convergence can be identified by the growing number of cross-industry activities.
Convergence processes are based on the activity of distinct industry sectors showing cross-industry collaborations. The aim of this paper is to analyze cross-industry collaborations between the food and pharmaceutical sectors in the convergence area of functional foods. Selected companies from food (Nestlé/Danone) and pharmaceutical (Martek/Bayer HealthCare) sectors are analyzed using the determinants of motivation and industrial scope. The analysis shows that food companies are more active in cross-industry collaborations than pharmaceutical companies. The latter are more active at the front-end of the value chain focusing on research and development, and delivering their ingredients to food companies that due to their higher expertise in consumer marketing launch the products. While the first cross-industry collaborations were based on an exploration motivation, those that follow focus on exploitation. Acquisitions and licensing agreements are dominant in inside-out and outside-in processes, whereas strategic alliances and joint ventures are based on a coupled process between the food and pharmaceutical sectors.
What determines ingredient awareness of consumers? : A study on ten functional food ingredients
(2014)
Given the importance of consumer awareness of functional food ingredients for healthy food choices, the aim of this study is to explore consumers’ ingredient awareness and the determinants which influence the awareness about functional food ingredients.
A sample of 200 German consumers was interviewed via CATI (computer aided telephone interview) during September 2011. The participants have been asked about their specific awareness regarding to ten functional food ingredients. Likewise, determinants like health status and health motivation have been assessed and their influence on the construct “consumers’ ingredient awareness” has been tested by employing structural equation modeling.
The study shows that consumers’ ingredient awareness varies throughout the sample. Overall it can be stated, that 19% of consumer awareness about functional food ingredients is explained through the described model based on the following predictors: age, educational level, health status, health motivation and information strategies. Among these factors, consumers’ health motivation seems to have the highest relevance to explain consumer awareness. But also the determinants information strategies as well as the education show a significant influence on consumers’ ingredient awareness. As health motivation shows the highest impact on consumers’ ingredient awareness this study underlines the importance of prevention propensity for healthy food choices.
Current discussions about the concept of nutritional sustainability show a high complexity of this topic leading to many different definitions. Regarding communication issues of nutritional sustainability between actors of food chains this complexity should be reduced. One opportunity to tackle these challenges of reducing complexity might be the concept of ingredient branding. Therefore, the aim of this mini-review is the identification of conditions for ingredient branding application as a communication strategy for nutritional sustainability which might overcome challenges in communicating the complexity between the different stakeholders of supply chains. In doing so, the specific case of agrifood chains is discussed based on the selected characteristics of globalization, increasing consumer demands, foods incorporating credence attributes and price. Along the agrifood chain, a sourcing strategy reflecting nutritional and sustainable aspects might lead to an ingredient branding strategy implying a brand policy for a special ingredient within the final product which is an important component but cannot be clearly recognized by the user. A “nutritional sustainability inside” strategy should reflect the multifaceted information along the agrifood chain and should be based on standardized criteria for nutritional sustainability.
Einleitung: Whiteboards können als ein Instrument des Lean Managements zur Steuerung der Verweildauer auf Stationen eingesetzt werden, um aktuelle Patienteninformationen zu bündeln und in regelmäßigen strukturierten sowie interdisziplinären Besprechungen die Patientenversorgung zu steuern, die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zu optimieren und das Entlassungsmanagement zu verbessern. Das Ziel dieser Studie bestand darin, zu untersuchen, inwiefern die Einführung von Whiteboards in zwei Kliniken mit einer Veränderung der Verweildauer einherging.
Methode: Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, wurden retrospektive Zeitreihen aus den DRG-Routinedaten vor und nach Installation der Whiteboards aus den beiden Kliniken in einem Interrupted Time Series Design genutzt. In der einen Klinik (Chirurgie) lagen 3.734 Fälle für den Zeitraum von Januar 2018 bis Dezember 2019 und in der anderen Klinik (Innere Medizin) 54.049 Fälle für den Zeitraum Juli 2013 bis Dezember 2019 vor.
Ergebnisse: In dem gemittelten Vergleich der Verweildauer (relative Verweildauerabweichung pro DRG von dem jeweiligen Verweildauermittel) konnte in der ersten Klinik kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Werten vor und nach Einführung des Boards festgestellt werden. Am zweiten Klinikum zeigte sich sogar im Vorher-Nachher-Vergleich eine signifikante Verschlechterung der Verweildauer. Eine deskriptive Zeitreihenanalyse vor und nach Einführung zeigte in beiden Kliniken, dass kurz nach der Einführung der Boards sich die Verweildauer verschlechterte, anschließend jedoch verbesserte, d.h. dass die Patienten durchschnittlich früher entlassen wurden. Dieser Unterschied ging jedoch im Zeitverlauf wieder zurück.
Diskussion: Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass keine Verbesserung in der Verweildauer im Zuge der Nutzung der Whiteboards durch einen reinen Vorher-Nachher-Vergleich nachweisbar war. In der anschließenden Zeitreihenbetrachtung zeigten sich starke Schwankungen, die zunächst mit einer kurzzeitigen Verschlechterung der Verweildauer nach der Implementierung einhergingen und dann zu einer Verbesserung führten. Im Zeitverlauf verblasste der Unterschied jedoch, sodass die Patienten wieder später entlassen wurden. Methodisch zeigt sich, dass im Gegensatz zu der reinen Vorher-Nachher-Analyse erst eine Zeitreihenbetrachtung einen Einblick in das Geschehen und seine Variabilität lieferte. Für die Praxis ergeben sich folgende Implikationen: Whiteboards können als ein hilfreiches Instrument von Lean Management zur Verweildauersteuerung angesehen werden, wie die zwischenzeitlichen Verbesserungen nahelegen. Dies erfordert jedoch eine kontinuierliche, unter Einbezug der Mitarbeiter durchgeführte Pflege der Informationen und einen erkennbaren Mehrwert. Perspektivisch empfiehlt sich zudem eine Digitalisierung der Boards, um den Nachteilen wie der manuellen Pflege entgegenzuwirken.
Klimabäume scheinen in der Mitte der Gesellschaft angekommen zu sein. Zahlreiche Empfehlungen finden sich in Onlinemedien und stellen die fünf oder zehn besten Baumarten vor. Dabei gibt es Schnittmengen. Interessanterweise enthält das Sortiment weitgehend bekannte und auch heute schon verwendete Arten. Es steht eine breite Palette an zukunftsfähigen Klimabäumen zur Verfügung, die teilweise noch gar nicht beachtet werden. In zwei Teilen sollen bekannte und weniger bekannte Klimabäume bezüglich ihrer Verwendbarkeit im urbanen Raum, ihrer Herkunft und ihres Ausbreitungspotenzials diskutiert werden.
Durch die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels – besonders durch Hitze – geraten viele indigene Baumarten innerhalb der nächsten 75 Jahre voraussichtlich an den Rand ihrer Existenz. Der Stadtstandort stellt eine zusätzliche Herausforderung dar, der durch menschliche Aktivitäten negativ, aber auch positiv beeinflusst werden kann. Besonders die Wasserverfügbarkeit kann durch geeignete vegetationstechnische Maßnahmen und intelligente Profilierung von Oberflächen befördert werden. Die Vegetation wird sich verändern. Mit gebietseinheimischen Genotypen und natürlicher Migration hitzeverträglicher Arten alleine lassen sich unsere Probleme nicht lösen. Wir brauchen Bäume in der Stadt, die beschatten und verdunsten.
Lösungsansätze sind die vielfältige Anpflanzung hitzeresistenter Genotypen indigener Arten, neuer, submediterraner Arten aus Süd- und Südosteuropa (assisted migration) sowie klimatoleranter Arten anderer Kontinente. Es ist allerdings davon auszugehen, dass sich diese Arten dann bei uns auch etablieren werden. Und das ist bei der durch die Eiszeiten verarmten Gehölzflora Mitteleuropas und für lebenswerte Städte auch gut so!
Background: New ischaemic brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are reported in up to 86% of patients after transcatheter edge-to-edge repair of the mitral valve (TEER-MV). Knowledge of the exact procedural step(s) that carry the highest risk for cerebral embolisation may help to further improve the procedure.
Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the procedural step(s) that are associated with an increased risk of cerebral embolisation during TEER-MV with the MitraClip system. Furthermore, the risk of overt stroke and silent brain ischaemia after TEER-MV was assessed.
Methods: In this prospective, pre-specified observational study, all patients underwent continuous transcranial Doppler examination during TEER-MV to detect microembolic signals (MES). MES were assigned to specific procedural steps: (1) transseptal puncture and placement of the guide, (2) advancing and adjustment of the clip in the left atrium, (3) device interaction with the MV, and (4) removal of the clip delivery system and the guide. Neurological examination using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and cerebral MRI were performed before and after TEER-MV.
Results: Fifty-four patients were included. The number of MES differed significantly between the procedural steps with the highest numbers observed during device interaction with the MV. Mild neurological deterioration (NIHSS ≤3) occurred in 9/54 patients. New ischaemic lesions were detected in 21/24 patients who underwent MRI. Larger infarct volume was significantly associated with neurological deterioration.
Conclusions: Cerebral embolisation is immanent to TEER-MV and predominantly occurs during device interaction with the MV. Improvements to the procedure may focus on this procedural step.
Duckweed is a promising resource for future feed and food production as well as wastewater treatment. However, diseases and pests can critically limit the performance of the production systems. Patches of discolored and bleached duckweed (Lemna minor L.) appeared in hydroponic systems and spread rapidly through the crop. Pythium myriotylum was confirmed as the causing pathogen by microbiological and molecular biological analysis. This is the first report of P. myriotylum on duckweed in Germany. The result and possible countermeasures are discussed.
Im Rahmen des durch die EU geförderten LIFE-Projekts „Lippeaue“ wurden
künstliche Binnendünen angelegt, die Standorte für an Trockenheit und Nährstoffarmut angepasste Pflanzenarten bieten können. Im Jahr 2012 wurde eine Erfolgskontrolle der Vegetationsentwicklung auf den in den Jahren 2008 und 2009 neu geschaffenen Binnendünen durchgeführt.
Die meisten der neu angelegten Dünen in der Lippeaue bei Hamm waren im Jahr 2012 durch Grünlandvegetation auf sandigen und schluffigen Böden gekennzeichnet. Die Gesamtstickstoff-, Humus- und Wassergehalte des Bodens lagen an der oberen Grenze des Bereiches, der für Magerrasenentwicklung günstig ist. Da sich keine Magerrasenbestände in der Nähe befinden, ist eine Etablierung von Magerrasen ohne die gezielte Übertragung von Mahd- oder Rechgut nicht zu erreichen. Die im LIFE-Projekt angelegten Dünen sind daher nur bedingt in einzelnen Fällen für die Magerrasenentwicklung geeignet.
Die ökologische Wertigkeit von Binnendünen ergibt sich aus ihrer Eigenschaft als vegetationsökologisch bedeutsamer Sonderstandort innerhalb des durch Feuchtigkeit geprägten ökosystemaren Wirkungsgefüges der Aue. Wo sich Weidengebüsche auf den Dünen ausbreiten, müssen die Ziele der Auwaldentwicklung durch Sukzession und der Entwicklung von Magerrasen auch durch stärkere Beweidung gegeneinander abgewogen werden.
TÜV-Plaketten für Arztpraxen
(2005)
„Hands-on!“ heißt der Schwerpunkt dieser Ausgabe der MSK, in der Hands-on/Hands-off- Herangehensweisen debattiert werden. Arne Vielitz und Dr. Claus Beyerlein, beide Herausgeber der MSK, baten daher Vertreter/-innen der 5 Mitglieder der Dachorganisation OMT-Deutschland um ein Statement zu folgenden Fragen: Was beinhaltet die muskuloskelettale Physiotherapie für Sie? Wie sieht eine gelungene/zeitgemäße praktische Umsetzung/Anwendung aus? Wie sehen Sie die muskuloskelettale Physiotherapie in der Zukunft? Wo geht die Reise hin?
Die Statements der 5 auf diese Fragen sind in alphabetischer Reihenfolge geordnet.
Introduction Development and implementation of appropriate health policy is essential to address the rising global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The aim of this study was to evaluate existing health policies for integrated prevention/management of NCDs among Member States of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). We sought to describe policies’ aims and strategies to achieve those aims, and evaluate extent of integration of musculoskeletal conditions as a leading cause of global morbidity.
Methods Policies submitted by OECD Member States in response to a World Health Organization (WHO) NCD Capacity Survey were extracted from the WHO document clearing-house and analysed following a standard protocol. Policies were eligible for inclusion when they described an integrated approach to prevention/management of NCDs. Internal validity was evaluated using a standard instrument (sum score: 0–14; higher scores indicate better quality). Quantitative data were expressed as frequencies, while text data were content-analysed and meta-synthesised using standardised methods.
Results After removal of duplicates and screening, 44 policies from 30 OECD Member States were included. Three key themes emerged to describe the general aims of included policies: system strengthening approaches; improved service delivery; and better population health. Whereas the policies of most countries covered cancer (83.3%), cardiovascular disease (76.6%), diabetes/endocrine disorders (76.6%), respiratory conditions (63.3%) and mental health conditions (63.3%), only half the countries included musculoskeletal health and pain (50.0%) as explicit foci. General strategies were outlined in 42 (95.5%) policies—all were relevant to musculoskeletal health in 12 policies, some relevant in 27 policies and none relevant in three policies. Three key themes described the strategies: general principles for people-centred NCD prevention/management; enhanced service delivery; and system strengthening approaches. Internal validity sum scores ranged from 0 to 13; mean: 7.6 (95% CI 6.5 to 8.7).
Conclusion Relative to other NCDs, musculoskeletal health did not feature as prominently, although many general prevention/management strategies were relevant to musculoskeletal health improvement.
This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial.
Dieser Beitrag beschreibt eine qualitative Untersuchung zur Analyse der inszenierten Professionalität deutscher PR-Agenturen. Er geht der Frage nach, ob PR-Tätige aus Agenturen in der Zusammenarbeit mit ihren Klienten professionell handeln. Dazu wurden sechs Leitfadeninterviews mit PR-Verantwortlichen deutscher mittelständischer Unternehmen geführt. In den Interviews beurteilten die Klienten die Interaktion mit ihren PR-Agenturen und bewerteten deren Inszenierung von Professionalität. Die Theorie der Professionalisierung sowie der interaktionistische Professionsansatz dienen als theoretische Grundlage. So ergibt sich der Leitfaden aus den theoretischen Charakteristika einer Profession und der theoretischen Inszenierung professionellen Handelns. Demnach wurde sowohl der Aspekt des Wissens und damit verbundenen Lizenzen, die Handlungsfreiheit und das Einflusspotential, als auch die Inszenierung über das Auftreten und die Sprache untersucht. Auch wenn vorherige Untersuchungen zu dem Berufsfeld der PR bereits Entwicklungen hin zu einer Profession festgestellt haben, wurden diese in der Interaktion zwischen den Unternehmen und den PR-Agenturen nicht im gleichen Maße erkennbar. Diese Ergebnisse lassen sich jedoch auf die Wahl der Interviewpartner zurückführen. Denn diese nehmen in der Interaktion mit den Agenturen nicht die theoretisch erwartete Klientenrolle ein, sondern gleichen, zumindest in ihren Antworten, das eigentlich asymmetrische Wissensverhältnis zwischen Professionsinhaber und Klient durch ein weitgefächertes Fachwissen aus.
There is clinical evidence that cervical lateral glide (CLG) improves neurodynamics and alleviates pain in patients who suffer from neurogenic arm pain. Cervical lateral flexion (CLF) is also a treatment method and a means of testing neurodynamics. However, for both techniques nerve movement has not yet been investigated using ultrasound imaging (US). The purpose of this study was to quantify median nerve movement in the arm during CLG and CLF. For this study 27 healthy participants were recruited. Longitudinal movement of the median nerve was measured using US during CLG and CLF with the shoulder in 30° abduction in the middle and distal forearm (Fad). Data could be obtained from 11 participants (6 women and 5 men, average age 25.6 years, ±2.25) at the middle forearm (Fam) and from 9 participants (5 women and 4 men, average age 27.2 years, ±2.75) at the Fad. When applying CLF, the median nerve moved 2.3 mm (SEM ± 0.1 mm) at the Fam. At the same measuring point the median nerve moved 3.3 mm (SEM ± 0.3 mm, p = 0.005) by applying CLG. At the Fad the difference between CLF and CLF amounted to 0.6 mm (CLF: 1.9 mm (SEM ± 0.2 mm, CLG: 2.5 mm (SEM ± 0.2 mm, p ≤ 0.05). The movements during CLG are larger than during CLF. This difference is statistically significant. However, the statistical relevance cannot be extrapolated to a clinical relevance.
Mit immer größerer Dringlichkeit beim globalen Klimaschutz gewinnt auch die CO2-Bilanzierung von Unternehmen und Organisationen an Bedeutung. Drei Handlungsempfehlungen gewährleisten, dass aus einer einfachen CO2-Bilanzierung eine systematische CO2-Beratung wird, die im Unternehmen einen effektiven Beitrag zum Klimaschutz leistet.
Objective
The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of mobilization and eccentric exercise training for a patient with ankle pain and a history of chronic ankle sprains and discuss the course of diagnostic decision making when the patient did not respond to care.
Clinical Features
A 48-year-old police officer who had sustained multiple ankle sprains throughout his life presented with pain and restriction in his ability to walk, run, and work. The Global Rating of Change Scale score was − 6, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale score was 7/10, and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale score was − 33. Palpation of the peroneus longus and brevis muscles and inversion with overpressure reproduced the chief concern (Numeric Pain Rating Scale 7/10). The patient was initially diagnosed with chronic peroneal tendinopathy.
Intervention and Outcome
Treatment included lateral translation mobilization of the talocrural joint combined with eccentric exercise using an elastic band for the peroneal muscles. The patient reported improvement in pain and function during the course of intervention but not as rapidly as expected. Therefore, follow-up ultrasonographic imaging and radiography were performed. These studies revealed partial rupture of the peroneal brevis muscle and total rupture of the peroneal longus muscle.
Conclusion
A patient with long-term concerns of the foot complex with a diagnosis of peroneal tendinopathy showed slight improvement with eccentric exercises combined with manual therapy of the talocrural joint. After a course of treatment but minimal response, a diagnosis of tendon rupture was confirmed with diagnostic ultrasonography. Clinicians should be aware that when injuries do not improve with care, tendon rupture should be considered.
Fütterung auf dem Prüfstand
(2023)
Fütterung von Zuchtstuten
(2021)
Pediatric headache is an increasingly reported phenomenon. Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a subgroup of headache, but there is limited information about cervical spine physical examination signs in children with CGH. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was designed to investigate cervical spine physical examination signs including active range of motion (ROM), posture determined by the craniovertebral angle (CVA), and upper cervical ROM determined by the flexion–rotation test (FRT) in children aged between 6 and 12 years. An additional purpose was to determine the degree of pain provoked by the FRT. Thirty children (mean age 120.70 months [SD 15.14]) with features of CGH and 34 (mean age 125.38 months [13.14]) age-matched asymptomatic controls participated in the study. When compared to asymptomatic controls, symptomatic children had a significantly smaller CVA (p < 0.001), significantly less active ROM in all cardinal planes (p < 0.001), and significantly less ROM during the FRT (p < 0.001), especially towards the dominant headache side (p < 0.001). In addition, symptomatic subjects reported more pain during the FRT (p < 0.001) and there was a significant negative correlation (r = −0.758, p < 0.001) between the range recorded during the FRT towards the dominant headache side and FRT pain intensity score. This study found evidence of impaired function of the upper cervical spine in children with CGH and provides evidence of the clinical utility of the FRT when examining children with CGH.
Objectives
Cervical movement impairment has been identified as a core component of cervicogenic headache evaluation. However, normal range of motion values in children has been investigated rarely and no study has reported such values for the flexion–rotation test (FRT). The purpose of this study was to identify normal values and side-to-side variation for cervical spine range of motion (ROM) and the FRT, in asymptomatic children aged 6–12 years. Another important purpose was to identify the presence of pain during the FRT.
Methods
Thirty-four asymptomatic children without history of neck pain or headache (26 females and 8 males, mean age 125.38 months [SD 13.14]) were evaluated. Cervical spine cardinal plane ROM and the FRT were evaluated by a single examiner using a cervical ROM device.
Results
Values for cardinal plane ROM measures are presented. No significant gender difference was found for any ROM measure. Mean difference in ROM for rotation, side flexion, and the FRT were less than one degree. However, intra-individual variation was greater, with lower bound scores of 9.32° for rotation, 5.30° for side flexion, and 10.89° for the FRT. Multiple linear regression analysis indicates that movement in the cardinal planes only explains 19% of the variance in the FRT. Pain scores reported following the FRT were less than 2/10.
Discussion
Children have consistently greater cervical spine ROM than adults. In children, side-to-side variation in rotation and side flexion ROM and range recorded during the FRT indicates that the clinician should be cautious when using range in one direction to determine impairment in another. Range recorded during the FRT is independent of cardinal movement variables, which further adds to the importance of the FRT, as a test that mainly evaluates range of movement of the upper cervical spine.
Background and Aims: Agronomic biofortification of food crops with iodine may improve the dietary intake of this trace element, which is essential for human development and health. So far, little is known about the suitability of this technique in pome fruits. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate uptake and translocation of exogenously applied iodine in apple trees, (2) to identify possible strategies of iodine biofortification for this type of fruit, and (3) to evaluate interactions between foliar applied iodine and selenium.
Methods: Apple trees were cultivated in a plastic tunnel for two growing seasons. Iodine was applied via leaves or substrate. During the 2nd year, simultaneous foliar application of iodine and selenium were tested as well. At harvest time, iodine and selenium content in leaves and fruits were determined. The phytoavailable iodine concentration in the growing medium was analyzed following an extraction with calcium chloride. In addition, the dynamics of iodine applied as potassium iodide and iodate in a peat‐based substrate was investigated in an incubation experiment without plants.
Results: The iodine concentration in washed apples increased more than 100‐fold, valuing around 50 µg (100 g FM)−1 by foliar application of iodine as compared to the control treatment. However, this level was only achieved in fruits which were directly wetted by the spray solution. The translocation of leaf‐absorbed iodine to fruits was negligible. Following a substrate fertilization, the fruit iodine content remained rather low due to a strong retention of iodine in the growing medium. When using foliar sprays, the addition of selenium did not affect the iodine enrichment of the apple fruits.
Conclusions: Foliar fertilization of iodine seems to be a promising method to biofortify apples with iodine. The level of I achieved in apple fruits by means of foliar fertilization can significantly contribute to the daily I intake requirement of humans.
Many people across the world suffer from iodine (I) deficiency and related diseases. The I content in plant-based foods is particularly low, but can be enhanced by agronomic biofortification. Therefore, in this study two field experiments were conducted under orchard conditions to assess the potential of I biofortification of apples and pears by foliar fertilization. Fruit trees were sprayed at various times during the growing season with solutions containing I in different concentrations and forms. In addition, tests were carried out to establish whether the effect of I sprays can be improved by co-application of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and sodium selenate (Na2SeO4). Iodine accumulation in apple and pear fruits was dose-dependent, with a stronger response to potassium iodide (KI) than potassium iodate (KIO3). In freshly harvested apple and pear fruits, 51% and 75% of the biofortified iodine was localized in the fruit peel, respectively. The remaining I was translocated into the fruit flesh, with a maximum of 3% reaching the core. Washing apples and pears with running deionized water reduced their I content by 14%. To achieve the targeted accumulation level of 50–100 μg I per 100 g fresh mass in washed and unpeeled fruits, foliar fertilization of 1.5 kg I per hectare and meter canopy height was required when KIO3 was applied. The addition of KNO3 and Na2SeO4 to I-containing spray solutions did not affect the I content in fruits. However, the application of KNO3 increased the total soluble solids content of the fruits by up to 1.0 °Brix compared to the control, and Na2SeO4 in the spray solution increased the fruit selenium (Se) content. Iodine sprays caused leaf necrosis, but without affecting the development and marketing quality of the fruits. Even after three months of cold storage, no adverse effects of I fertilization on general fruit characteristics were observed, however, I content of apples decreased by 20%.
Weide für Trockensteher?
(2023)
The last two decades have been characterized by a fundamental change in the approaches, tools and instruments in the quality management at Higher Education Institutions. Comparison of two Higher Education Institutions in the Slovak Republic and Germany highlights similarities and trends in quality assurance. Both case studies show how multifaceted the quality management is, and the needs to be approached if a meaningful progress is to be made. Complexity has to be explicitly recognized and built into the approach chosen. Higher Education Institutions have to develop internal quality assurance processes. Quality culture is key for addressing the challenges.
Der generalistisch ausgerichtete Studiengang Pflege an der Hochschule Osnabrück verbindet die Ausbildung zur Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege bzw. Gesundheits- und Kinderkrankenpflege und die Ausbildung der Altenpflege mit dem Bachelor of Science. Im Studienprogramm werden theoretische und praktische Ausbildung sowie Studium gleichberechtigt koordiniert und kooperativ gestaltet. In diesem Verschränkungsmodell (Moers et al. 2012) werden die drei Lernorte Hochschule, Berufsfachschule und Fachpraxis miteinander verknüpft und abgestimmt.
Performance Management
(2013)