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Musicians often suffer from disorders of the musculoskeletal system that are related to their instrument playing. Among the most frequent symptoms are complaints in the shoulder-neck area. Radial shock wave therapy is increasingly used in trigger point treatment, but only few high-level studies have examined of shock wave therapy used together with physical therapy in the treatment of musicians. METHODS: This randomized blinded study in musicians (n = 26) with nonspecific shoulder-neck problems was done to examine the effect of shock wave therapy in addition to current physical therapy on the symptoms and quality of life of the musicians as well as their habits of playing musical instruments (intervention group shock wave vs reference group placebo). The effects were documented by a pain VAS and other instruments. A questionnaire designed specifically for musicians (with initial and final questions) recorded intensity and manifestation of pain and handicaps in daily life, especially when practicing and playing. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and the Neck Pain Disability Index Questionnaire (NPDIQ) were also used. RESULTS: Both groups reported subjective improvement in pain, but significance was found only for the intervention group for the SPADI and NPDIQ. CONCLUSIONS: Trigger point treatment with radial shock wave used in combination with physical therapy makes the subjects feel temporarily relieved of neck and shoulder pains. The effects of radial shock wave without physical therapy will need to be examined in further studies.
In the past few years, studies have been carried out to record and analyse the consumer behaviour of manual dishwashing. Manual dishwashing in households is performed in many ways that influence the use of resources. Furthermore, knowledge has been gained on the basis of experiments on how to optimize the use of resources in manual dishwashing. Optimization here means achieving the best possible cleaning performance with a minimum input of resources. This experimental knowledge, combined with the experience of everyday life, was transferred into Best Practice Tips.
The aim of this study is to verify whether it is possible to save resources while applying these Best Practice Tips in comparison with the consumers' previous behaviour.
In a laboratory study, 53 consumers from Europe (23 Germans, 30 other Europeans) were asked to apply the Best Practice Tips while washing up 12 place settings of dishes. The data gained were compared with that of previous studies recording consumers' everyday behaviour while washing up the same amount of dishes. The sample consisted of 113 European consumers and the sample of the second study consisted of 60 Europeans.
On average, the 53 test participants applying the Best Practice Tips used around 60% less water, 70% less energy and 30% less detergent compared with the average everyday behaviour the other subjects used. Additionally, they achieved a slightly better cleaning result. An evaluation questionnaire showed that the Best Practice Tips were, in general, highly accepted; however, some concerns were given about their exact application in everyday life. Because of the wide variation of washing-up habits and resource consumption among individuals, the confidence intervals of the studies are rather large. The results should therefore be seen as tendencies on how resource savings are possible when people are trained how to optimize resources in manual dishwashing. Nevertheless, this study should be the basis for further ones in which the learning is verified in everyday life and over a longer period of time.
Adaptivity is prevalent in today’s software. Mobile devices
self-adapt to available network connections, washing machines
adapt to the amount of laundry, etc. Current approaches for engineering such systems facilitate the specification of adaptivity in the analysis and the technical design. However, the modeling of platform independent models for adaptivity in the logical design phase remains rather neglected causing a gap between the analysis and the technical design phase.
To overcome this situation, we propose an approach called Adapt Cases. Adapt Cases allow the explicit modeling of adaptivity with domain-specific means, enabling adaptivity to gather attention early in the software engineering process.
Since our approach is based on the concept of use cases it
is easy adoptable in new and even running projects that
use the UML as a specification language, and additionally,
can be easily incorporated into model-based development
environments.
Innovationen sind etwas Neues. Sie sind der Motor vieler Unternehmer und unserer Volkswirtschaft. Innovationen sind aber auch risikobehaftet. Oft ist die Entwicklung von neuen Produkten und Prozessen aufwändig und das Flop-Risiko am Markt groß. Dennoch - ohne Innovationen können sich gerade mittelständische Unternehmen nicht behaupten.
Studenten sowie Praktiker erhalten eine praxisorientierte Einführung in die zentralen Grundlagen des Marketing. Ausgangspunkt jedes Kapitels ist eine Fallstudie, die eine konkrete praktische Rahmenbedingung eines Unternehmens vorstellt. Diese Situation wird in den Ausführungen dann mit den theoretischen und methodischen Ansätzen verknüpft. Dadurch wird die Transferleistung von Theorie zur Praxis und vice versa für den Leser erleichtert. Der Leser lernt auf diese Weise die Aufgaben des Marketing im Unternehmen zu verstehen und einzuschätzen. Neben der Unternehmensperspektive wird ferner ein Verständnis über die Markt- und Konsumentenperspektive erarbeitet. Darüber hinaus werden die klassischen Instrumente des Marketing-Mix nicht nur singulär dargestellt, sondern mit Bezügen zu den originären Wachstum- oder Kostenzielen von Unternehmen. Zusätzliche Übungen helfen Studierenden, sich frühzeitig auf Klausuren vorzubereiten.
Die Auswahl einer geeigneten Forschungsmethode hängt von der Forschungsfrage, den TeilnehmerInnen einer Studie und von den angestrebten Daten ab. Sie ist die zentrale Voraussetzung für einen gelingenden Forschungsprozess. Wie eine Methodenentscheidung im Verlauf eines Forschungsprojektes getroffen wird, zeigt das Beispiel einer Befragung von Hebammen und Pflegenden in der Familiengesundheitsversorgung.
This research paper analyzes the role of pre-crisis
reputation for quality on consumers ’ perceptions of
product-related dangers and company responsibility
in product-harm crises with varying risk information.
We consider (non-) substantiated public
complaints incorporating low and moderate product-
related risks, as well as product-recall situations
involving serious risks to the health and safety of
consumers. Hypotheses are derived from theories
and concepts of consumer behavioural psychology.
These are then tested empirically by using an
online experiment. The effects of reputation are
analyzed across different crises contexts to derive
some general insights useful for crisis management.
In order to shed light on situational differences of
the reputation mechanism its effect on individual
crisis level will also be considered. In general, the
analysis fi nds that reputation for quality is capable
of positively infl uencing the perceptions of company
responsibility and thereby shielding the
manufacturer from receiving blame. However, an
established reputation for high product quality
prior to the crisis fails to positively impacting
consumers ’ perceptions of problem severity. The
crisis-specifi c effects of reputation turn out to be
ambivalent. On the basis of these fi ndings, recommendations
to crisis managers and relevant avenues
for future research are derived.
Strategisches Personalmanagement : Zur Bedeutung von Unternehmensleitbildern im Bewerbungsprozess
(2011)
Lüge, Wahrheit, Sabotage - Eine qualitative Analyse zum Image der PR in der Medienberichterstattung
(2011)
Die Wahl der Forschungsmethode am Beispiel der Datenerhebung zur außerklinischen Geburtshilfe
(2011)
Die Auswahl der Forschungsmethode spielt für den Planungsprozess einer Untersuchung eine bedeutende Rolle. Deshalb müssen Forscherinnen ein Verständnis dafür entwickeln, was die verschiedenen Methoden leisten können und wie sie sinnvoll einzusetzen sind.
In diesem Beitrag werden Vorüberlegungen zu quantitativen Forschungsansätzen und deren Aussagekraft am Beispiel der außerklinischen Geburtshilfe – auch im Vergleich zur qualitativen Forschung – aufgezeigt.