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Sabine Krener ist enttäuscht. Sie bereitet sich auf einen Halbmarathon vor, hat aber zunehmend Probleme beim Laufen. Dass ihre Achillessehne schmerzt, kennt sie schon seit Jahren – nun wird es aber schlimmer, und es treten zudem ständig Krämpfe im rechten Bein auf. Zu allem Überfluss hat sie in den letzten sechs Wochen acht Kilo zugenommen.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify and systematically categorize musculoskeletal assessments used in quantitatively based studies about posture and movement in musicians playing high string instruments (violin, viola) in order to inform further research and help to identify gaps in knowledge.
METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases Cochrane, CINAHL, and PubMed as well as the journal Medical Problems of Performing Artists. Additional studies were searched within the reference lists of relevant articles. Sixty-four studies conducted since 1999 until May 2017 were included according to predefined inclusion criteria.
RESULTS: Various biomechanical measurement instruments were used in 24 of the selected studies in order to collect two- and three-dimensional kinematic data: optoelectronic systems with active and passive markers, electromagnetic systems, ultrasonic motion analysis systems, and image-based analysis of posture. In 11 studies, kinetics were measured by optoelectronic systems, force sensors, and a posturographic device. Further studies used electromyography to evaluate muscle activity (19 studies) as well as instruments to measure range of motion (2 studies). Additionally, a broad range of clinical examination techniques (35 studies) and self-reports (36 studies) were used to assess the musculoskeletal system of high string players.
CONCLUSION: The identified assessments could be used both in further research and in practical work in order to evaluate posture and movement in high string players. For future research, qualitatively based studies as well as psychometrically tested quantitatively based self-report assessments are required.
AIM: In this prospective longitudinal study, the physical and psychological health status of music students is assessed at the beginning of their university music study and tracked over time. Analysis strategies and interim results from the first-year cohort, including 1-year incidences, monthly prevalences, and predictors of developing musculoskeletal health complaints (MHC), are presented.
METHODS: This prospective longitudinal study is calculated to enlist a total sample of 370 participants, including musicians and non-musicians, over 5 years. Baseline measurements include a self-designed questionnaire, core strength endurance, hypermobility, finger-floor-distance, motor control, mechanosensitivity, health-related quality of life (SF36), and stress and coping inventory (SCI). The occurrence of MHC is based on monthly online questionnaires.
RESULTS: The first-year subcohort enrolled 33 music students and 30 non-music control students. The mean monthly completion rate for the questionnaire was 55.7±8.7%. At baseline, music students showed significantly more stress symptoms, reduced physical function¬ing, and increased bodily pain compared to control students. The 1-year incidence of MHC was 59% for music students and 44% for controls. Risk factors for MHC included being a music student, previous pain, reduced physical functioning, stress symptoms, reduced emotional functioning, and mechanosensitivity. Being a music student, physical functioning, sleep duration, positive thinking, and general mechanosensitivity had a predictive ability of 0.77 (ROC curve) for MHC.
CONCLUSION: A total of 63 students enrolled in the first cohort is in line with the precalculated sample size. This prospective study design enables the measurement of MHC incidence and provides insight into mechanisms in the development of MHC among music students, including the interaction of physical, psychological, and psychosocial factors.
BACKGROUND: Muscle fatigue seems to be a risk factor in the development of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) in musicians, but it is unclear how muscle activity characteristics change between musicians with and without PRMDs over a prolonged playing period.
PURPOSE: To investigate muscle activity patterns in muscles of the arms, shoulder, and back of high string musicians during prolonged performance.
METHODS: Fifteen professional or university high string musicians were divided into PRMD and non-PRMD groups. All musicians played a chromatic scale, then an individual “heavy” piece for 1 hr, and finally the chromatic scale again. Surface electromyography (sEMG) data were recorded from 16 muscles of the arm, shoulder, and trunk on both sides of the body. Two parameters were analyzed: the percentage load in relation to the respective maximum force during the chromatic scale, and the low-frequency spectrum to determine the fatigue behavior of muscles during the 1-hr play.
RESULTS: Changes in muscle activation patterns were observed at the beginning and end of the trial duration; however, these varied depending on whether musicians had PRMDs or no PRMDs. In addition, low-frequency spectrum changes were observed after 1 hr of playing in the PRMD musicians, consistent with signs of muscular fatigue.
CONCLUSION: Differences in muscle activity appear between high string musicians with and without PRMDs as well as altered frequency spectrum shifts, suggesting possible differential muscle fatigue effects between the groups. The applied sEMG analysis proved a suitable tool for detailed analysis of muscle activation characteristics over prolonged playing periods for musicians with and without PRMDs.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Research in music medicine has reported incidence rates of musculoskeletal disorders of approx. 70% in instrumental musicians. String players have the highest risk, with rates of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) of 65% to 88%. Playing the violin or viola requires complex neuromusculoskeletal skills, and the high frequency of repetitive movements, dynamic and static muscle load, awkward postures, poor technique, and practice time are factors causing musculoskeletal strain. In ergonomic terms, these disorders can be categorized based on extrinsic and intrinsic loads. Identification of intrinsic loads, such as muscle utilization and joint motion, is necessary to understand factors influencing musculoskeletal disorders associated with violin playing. The aim of this study was to review the literature on musculoskeletal demands in violin and viola playing.
METHODS: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, COCHRANE, and CINAHL electronic databases from 1999 to 2015 using the search terms violin, viola, high strings, movement, posture, and synonyms. A manual search of Medical Problems of Performing Artists was also conducted. Additional references were identified by searching the citations and reference lists of all identified relevant studies. RESULTS: The results suggest that an asymmetric playing posture, the associated muscle activity, and joint mobility may contribute to musculoskeletal problems in violin and viola players. Evidence suggests an increased load of intrinsic factors in violin/viola performance.
CONCLUSION: The identification of intrinsic loads in violin and viola playing may facilitate the development of prevention strategies and interventions.
Due to new research results in the past few years, interest in the fascia of the human body has increased. Dysfunctions of the fascia are indicated by various symptoms, amongst others, musculoskeletal pain. As a result stronger focus has been put on researching therapeutic approaches in this area. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Foam Roll exercises on the mobility of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF). Study has been conducted in a randomized and controlled trial which sampled 38 healthy athletic active men and women.
The subjects were randomly assigned to a Foam Roll Group (FMG), a Placebo Group (PG) and a Control Group (CG). Depending on the assigned group the volunteers were either instructed to do exercises with the Foam Roll, received a pseudo treatment with the Foam Roll or received no treatment.
A total of three measurements were carried out. The most important field of research was the mobility of the TLF, which was determined using a sonographic assessment. In addition the lumbar flexion and the mechanosensivity of relevant muscles were determined.
After the intervention, the FMG showed an average increase of 1.7915 mm for the mobility of the TLF (p < 0.001/d = 0.756). In contrast, only an average improvement of 0.1681 mm (p = 0.397) was shown in the PG, while the CG showed a slight improvement of 0.0139 mm (p = 0.861). However, no significant changes were observed with regard to the lumbar flexion and mechanosensivity of the treated muscles.
Thus, evidence is that the use of Foam Roll exercises significantly improves the mobility of the thoracolumbar fascia in a healthy young population.
Kreuzbandrisse (Rupturen des vorderen Kreuzbands, VKB) ziehen oft eine langwierige Rehabilitation und Wiedereingliederung nach sich. Die physiotherapeutische Nachbehandlung beinhaltet aktive und passive Maßnahmen. Bislang existieren keine Studien zu neurodynamischen Aspekten der Rehabilitation von Kreuzbandrissen. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie bestand darin, die Veränderung der Bewegung des N. tibialis des betroffenen und nicht betroffenen Beins bei Probanden nach einer VKB-Ruptur zu untersuchen.
Bestandteil der verblindeten Untersuchung der 19 Probanden waren der Knee Outcome Survey für alltägliche Aktivitäten (KOS) und verschiedene Funktionsuntersuchungen (Slump-Test mit passiver Knieextension, Long Sitting Slump Test mit passiver Dorsalextension des oberen Sprunggelenks, Straight Leg Raise Test, belastete Dorsalextension im Stand). Die longitudinale Nervenexkursion des N. tibialis wurde mit bildgebendem Ultraschall in sitzender Slump-Position untersucht. Die Auswertung der Ultraschallvideos erfolgte mit einer Frame-by-frame Cross Correlation Software.
Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine signifikant geringere Nervenexkursion des N. tibialis am betroffenen Knie. Allerdings fand sich kein klinisch signifikanter Zusammenhang zu den Funktionsuntersuchungen.
Beate Hansen kommt mit akuten thorakolumbalen rechtsseitigen Schmerzen in die Physiotherapiepraxis von Harry von Piekartz. Auf den ersten Blick scheint sie ein klassischer „manueller“ Fall zu sein. Warum sie es nicht ist und was eine Diät mit Rückenschmerzen zu tun haben kann, lesen Sie in diesem Fall.
Das Erfolgskonzept: Abgestimmt auf die Lehrinhalte der Physiotherapie-Ausbildung und in lernfreundlichen Layout sind Anatomie und Physiologie optimal verknüpft und zudem verbunden mit ausgewählten Krankheitsbildern.
Über 900 farbige Illustrationen, Fotos und Tabellen machen Anatomie und Physiologie anschaulich, klar formulierte Texte erleichtern das Verständnis der oft komplexen Inhalte. Zahlreiche Kästen, u.a. zur Klinik und zur Physiotherapie-Praxis strukturieren die Inhalte. Lernzielübersichten helfen, das eigene Wissen richtig einzuschätzen. Alle Abbildungen zusätzlich online abrufbar.
Neu in der 4. Auflage:
Komplett überarbeitet, aktualisiert und erweitert, vor allem um Ergänzungen zu Bindegewebe und Faszien sowie zum Thema Schmerzphysiologie / moderneres, frischeres Layout.
Einleitung
Ziel dieser Studie war es, zu untersuchen, ob es einen Zusammenhang gibt zwischen einer mechanisch gesteuerten Traktion am Handgelenk und den nächtlichen Kribbelparästhesien sowie der Funktionsfähigkeit bei Patienten mit Karpaltunnelsyndrom.
Methode
In der vorliegenden Interventionsstudie wurden 21 Patienten mit Karpaltunnelsyndrom präoperativ sechsmal mittels des Traktionsgerätes Phystrac GR 10 behandelt. Die Messung der Effekte wurde vor sowie nach der ersten, dritten und sechsten Intervention durchgeführt. Als Assessment-Instrumente wurden die Sonografie, der Hand Grip Dynamometer, die Visuelle Analogskala und der Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire genutzt. Letzterer wurde nur zu Beginn und am Ende der Studie ausgefüllt.
Ergebnisse
Statistisch signifikante Ergebnisse konnten für eine Verbesserung der Funktionsfähigkeit (p = 0,023) und eine Reduktion der nächtlichen Kribbelparästhesien (p = 0,001) nach sechs Interventionen erzielt werden. Zudem konnte eine Korrelation zwischen diesen Parametern nachgewiesen werden (r = 0,497 zu Beginn und r = 0,591 am Ende der Studie). Die Parameter Querschnittsfläche sowie transversales und longitudinales Gleiten des N. medianus, Greifkraft, Schmerzen beim Greifen und Symptome veränderten sich nicht signifikant.
Schlussfolgerungen
Die vorliegende Studie konnte aufzeigen, dass eine mechanisch gesteuerte Traktion eine wirkungsvolle konservative Intervention bei Karpaltunnelsyndrom darstellt und als mögliche Alternative zu operativen Eingriffen am Karpaltunnel gesehen werden sollte. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass eine mechanisch gesteuerte Traktion Einfluss auf die intraneuralen physiologischen Eigenschaften und weniger auf die Mechanik des N. medianus nimmt.