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Institute
Der Umgang mit Veränderungsprozessen ist zum festen Bestandteil des Arbeitsalltags geworden. Irgendetwas wird immer verändert, seien es Arbeitsaufgaben, Technologien, Geschäftsprozesse, Strukturen oder auch die Kultur einer Organisation. Man möchte hierdurch die Produktivität steigern, Bürokratie abbauen, die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit verbessern, Qualität bzw. Innovationen fördern und vieles mehr. Inwieweit man diese Ziele auch erreicht, hängt sehr stark davon ab, ob der Wandel auf breiter Basis akzeptiert und unterstützt wird. Führungskräfte und Verantwortliche für Change-Projekte, Organisations- oder Führungskräfteentwicklung können als „Change Leader“ durch die Art, wie sie führen, entscheidend zum Gelingen beitragen. Das Führen in Veränderungsprozessen wird in diesem Ratgeber entlang von sechs Handlungsfeldern strukturiert: (1) Individuelle Reaktionen Change-Betroffener verstehen, (2) Potenziale von Achtsamkeit in Veränderungsprozessen nutzen, (3) den Wandel klug organisieren, (4) wertschätzend handeln, (5) Verhaltensänderung unterstützen und (6) Kreativität fördern. Die Kapitel sind handlungsorientiert strukturiert und berücksichtigen Erkenntnisse aus der psychologischen Forschung. Reflexionsfragen, Checklisten, Arbeitsblätter und Übungen am Ende jedes Kapitels regen zur Reflexion der Inhalte an und unterstützen den Transfer in die Praxis.
Warum sind Erziehungshilfen ein verbreiteter Teil der Schulorganisation? Was unterscheidet, verbindet aber auch die schulische und außerschulische Erziehungshilfe? Und wie könnte eine bedarfsgerechte, die individuelle Förderung der jungen Menschen unterstützende, Familien stärkende und die sozialräumliche Vernetzung voranbringende Kooperation zwischen Schulen und Erziehungshilfe aussehen? Diesen Fragen widmet sich dieses Buch ausgehend von lebensweltlichen Perspektiven junger Menschen in einer sehr grundlegenden Weise. Dabei werden nicht nur die Anlässe, Erscheinungsformen und Bedingungen der Arbeitsbündnisse von Schule und Erziehungshilfe erörtert, sondern auch ein neu gewichtetes und innovative Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten eröffnendes Verständnis von Schule und Erziehungshilfe.
Artificial intelligence (AI) and human-machine interaction (HMI) are two keywords that usually do not fit embedded applications. Within the steps needed before applying AI to solve a specific task, HMI is usually missing during the AI architecture design and the training of an AI model. The human-in-the-loop concept is prevalent in all other steps of developing AI, from data analysis via data selection and cleaning to performance evaluation. During AI architecture design, HMI can immediately highlight unproductive layers of the architecture so that lightweight network architecture for embedded applications can be created easily. We show that by using this HMI, users can instantly distinguish which AI architecture should be trained and evaluated first since a high accuracy on the task could be expected. This approach reduces the resources needed for AI development by avoiding training and evaluating AI architectures with unproductive layers and leads to lightweight AI architectures. These resulting lightweight AI architectures will enable HMI while running the AI on an edge device. By enabling HMI during an AI uses inference, we will introduce the AI-in-the-loop concept that combines AI's and humans' strengths. In our AI-in-the-loop approach, the AI remains the working horse and primarily solves the task. If the AI is unsure whether its inference solves the task correctly, it asks the user to use an appropriate HMI. Consequently, AI will become available in many applications soon since HMI will make AI more reliable and explainable.
Zukünftige Nonprofit-Manager*innen sind mit komplexen Herausforderungen in einem sich stetig wandelnden Umfeld konfrontiert. Themen wie Klimaschutz, soziale Ungleichheit oder auch Demokratieförderung haben einen starken Einfluss auf die Arbeitsfelder der Nonprofit-Organisationen. Eine zentrale Aufgabe der Führungskräfte ist daher in dieser Komplexität konstruktiv agieren zu können. Dafür sind Kompetenzen erforderlich: Ganz zentral ist die Fähigkeit, sich initiativ und eigenverantwortlich mit den Herausforderungen unserer Zeit auseinanderzusetzen und im besten Fall geeignete Lösungen dafür zu finden sowie diese zielführend kommunizieren zu können. Aus diesem Grund wird genau diese Fähigkeit bei Studierenden aus den Masterstudiengängen Management in Nonprofit-Organisationen und Soziale Arbeit der Hochschule Osnabrück gefördert. Im Rahmen des Moduls Handlungsfelder II entwickelten rund 30 Studierende im Wintersemester 2022/2023 in einer Denkwerkstatt Forschungsergebnisse und Lösungsideen zum Thema „Osnabrück 2030 – Demokratie leben“. Die Studierenden wählten in einem partizipativen Prozess ihre eigenen Schwerpunktthemen wie zum Beispiel Mobilität oder Bildung aus und arbeiteten dann ein Semester lang an den Inhalten. Bei der Erarbeitung wurden sie durch Marlene Eimterbäumer begleitet, die Modelle, Methoden und Coaching zur Unterstützung bereit stellte. Die Modelle und Methoden finden sich teilweise in den Beiträgen der Studierenden wieder (unter anderem das Social Ecological Model und der Business Model Canvas). Am Ende des Semesters stand eine Präsentation vor den Kommiliton*innen, der Lehrenden und auch vor externen Gästen, die aus unterschiedlichen Expertisegebieten im Themenbereich „Demokratie“ kamen und dementsprechend Feedback aus der Praxis geben konnten. Das Modul selbst wurde von der Hochschule im Rahmen der Innovativen Lehre an der Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften gefördert. Für die Studierenden stellte das Modul durchaus eine Herausforderung dar, denn in der Denkwerkstatt musste unter hoher Komplexität stark prozessbezogen gearbeitet werden im Gegensatz zu der sonstigen hohen Ergebnisorientierung. Die durchweg sehr guten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Einsatz und die kontinuierliche Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit sich gelohnt haben. Aufgeteilt ist das vorliegende Buch in die fünf Themen: Wahlen, Partizipation, Partizipative Raumentwicklung, Politische Bildung und Medienkompetenz. Zu diesen Themen finden Sie jeweils erst einen Beitrag der Forscher*innen und darauffolgend einen Beitrag zur Darstellung einer Lösungsidee.
Besides yield reduction weeds have positive effects, like enhancing biodiversity or reducing soil erosion. The aim of the work is to enhance biodiversity without yield losses. In growing season 2021/22 a field experiment with winter triticale was conducted to experience the impact of mechanical weed control, sowing date and sowing rate. Especially hoeing had a positive impact on vegetative growth and grain yield while weed growth was inhibited but weed biodiversity stayed equal or increased. A lower seed rate or an earlier sowing date made in general no difference at flowering or harvesting stage.
Um die Ausgaben der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung in Deutschland zu senken, wurde mit dem GKV-Finanzstabilisierungsgesetz neben anderen Maßnahmen die Aufhebung der Neupatientenregelung zum Jahresbeginn 2023 durchgesetzt. In politischen Kreisen wurde die Aufhebung der Regelung unter Verweis auf einen erschwerten Patientenzugang im ambulanten Sektor teils deutlich kritisiert. Um zu überprüfen, wie es um die Bereitschaft zur Aufnahme von Neupatienten nach Aufhebung der Neupatientenregelung bestellt ist, wurden im Rahmen einer randomisierten empirischen Feldstudie im Zeitraum von März bis April 2023 insgesamt 180 niedersächsische Hausärzte angerufen. Dabei gab sich der Studienautor als zugezogener Neupatient aus, der auf der Suche nach einem neuen Hausarzt sei. Da im Vorfeld eine schlechte telefonische Erreichbarkeit erwartet worden war, wurden jeder Arztpraxis bis zu drei Anrufversuche gewährt. Es zeigte sich, dass gut zwei Drittel der erreichten Praxen zur Aufnahme eines Neupatienten bereit sind. Außerdem konnte festgestellt werden, dass ein hoher regionaler Versorgungsgrad mit einer schlechten telefonischen Erreichbarkeit der Arztpraxen in Verbindung steht. Bezüglich der Organisationsformen und der Anzahl an Ärzten je Praxis konnten keine signifikanten Korrelationen festgestellt werden. Montags war die telefonische Erreichbarkeit der Praxen deutlich geringer als mittwochs und freitags. Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit beschreibt die für die Studiendurchführung relevanten Grundlagen der hausärztlichen Versorgung in Deutschland, begründet die verwendete Methodik und diskutiert die Studienergebnisse.
Bamboo is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional materials in mechanical engineering such as steel or aluminium. Bamboo is the fastest growing plant in the world. Instead of releasing CO2 during the manufacturing process, bamboo absorbs CO2 as it grows.
In addition to the sustainability aspect, bamboo tubes also offer excellent properties as a lightweight construction material, which have been optimised through evolution. Bamboo tubes have high strength and stiffness at low weight when used as tension-compression bars or bending beams. Bamboo has strong, high-density fibres at the boundary area, where bending stresses are greatest. Towards the inside, where the stresses are lower, the bamboo becomes porous to optimise weight. This, together with knots arranged in regular intervals, counteracts buckling.
In mobile applications such as cars and bicycles, lightweight construction is sought for energy efficiency reasons. Because of its excellent lightweight properties, the project investigated whether bamboo could be used in mobile, automotive or agricultural engineering. For example, a bamboo bicycle frame has been developed with the aim to be as light as possible. There are bamboo bicycles on the market, but they can only be made one at a time by hand. The bamboo tubes are joined together and functional elements such as the bottom bracket and headset are integrated by wrapping them in resin-impregnated natural or carbon fibres. This makes the joints very heavy. A different approach is taken here: the bamboo tubes are drilled out slightly to achieve a defined internal diameter, and then short aluminium tubes are glued into the bamboo canes from the inside. To prevent the cane from breaking in the circumferential direction, i.e. perpendicular to the fibre direction, the bamboo tubes are wrapped in a thin layer of natural or carbon fibre impregnated with synthetic resin. The aluminium tubes and functional elements are welded or soldered together beforehand.
The design of the bicycle frame, i.e. the dimensioning of the bamboo tubes and joints, was based on extensive bending and tensile tests to determine the strength properties of the natural material bamboo. The bonding between the bamboo cane and the aluminium tube was also investigated experimentally. Finally, several prototype bicycle frames were made and tested for durability according to DIN-EN-14764. The frames passed the tests.
The result is a bamboo bicycle that is manufactured with standardised connectors and joints. The assembly concept developed allows both fully automated and semi-automated series production of bamboo bicycles.
Biomechanical analyses are capable of capturing and evaluating human motions. In addition to the major biomechanical fields of kinetics and kinematics, electromyography (EMG) provides a reliable way to analyse neuromuscular activities, e.g. inter- and intramuscular coordination or fatigue behavior. Based on these parameters it is possible to conclude to clinically relevant parameters such as motor control, muscular coordination or compensation strategies with different loads. In addition to this, EMG can be used in treatment itself, e.g. biofeedback-training with an EMG is an effective and evidenced based tool to improve neuromuscular control. The purpose of this workshop is to show the advantages of implementing EMG in performing artists´ health and to demonstrate additional therapy and diagnostic options.
This workshop briefly introduces the theoretical principles of EMG and the clinical applications in the context of performing artists´ health. It explains why EMG provides an additional value in the clinical reasoning process and supports the therapist, but decision making in the clinical reasoning process should never be based on EMG solely.
In the further course of the workshop the use of EMG in diagnostics and therapy (biofeedback) with performing artists is practically demonstrated and discussed with the participants.
Approach of Presentation:
1. Short presentation: introduction and understanding of EMG (educational objective 1)
2. Short case presentation of a performing artist to introduce EMG in the field of performing artists´ health and clinical reasoning (educational objective 2)
3. Interactive practical demonstration (diagnosis and biofeedback-training) as the central part of the workshop. Questions and comments will be discussed directly throughout the group (educational objective 3)
Clinical Significance:
EMG based functional neuromuscular diagnostics and biofeedback-training provides both the therapist as well as the performing artist with additional value in their clinical work.
Educational Objectives:
At the end of the workshop, the participants will be able to…
1. understand and describe the basic principles of EMG
2. understand and describe the importance of EMG in the context of performing artists´ health, physical therapy and clinical reasoning
3. use EMG on performing artists in the performance process
Unter Enclothed Cognition versteht die Wissenschaft den Einfluss der Kleidung einer Person auf ihre eigenen kognitiven Prozesse. In vergangenen Studien erzielten etwa Pro-band:innen in Arztkitteln höhere Werte bei Konzentrationstests und formell gekleidete Personen beschrieben ihren Charakter mit anderen Adjektiven als Menschen in neutraler Kleidung. Sofern solche intrapersonellen Effekte der eigenen Kleidung auf die mensch-liche Kognition konstant und in verschiedenen Kontexten auftreten sollten, sind sie von Interesse, wann immer Fähigkeiten und Persönlichkeit eines Menschen valide einge-schätzt werden sollen. Dies ist etwa in Personalauswahlverfahren der Fall, weil dort von den Ergebnissen der verwendeten Tests und Fragebögen oft wichtige Personalentschei-dungen abhängen. Um zu untersuchen, inwiefern die Kleidung eines Bewerbers oder ei-ner Bewerberin durch intrapersonelle Effekte die Ergebnisse von Auswahlverfahren be-einflusst, wurde von Mai bis November 2021 ein Laborexperiment mit studentischen 100 Proband:innen im nordwestdeutschen Osnabrück durchgeführt. Dabei wurden die Ver-suchspersonen unter Verhüllung des eigentlichen Studienzwecks entweder einer formel-len (Sakko/Blazer und Hemd/Bluse) oder einer zwanglosen Kleidungskondition (Kapu-zenpullover und Jeans) zugewiesen, in der sie zum Experiment erscheinen sollten. Dort wurden sie verschiedenen Fragebögen und Tests unterzogen. Es zeigte sich weder in der allgemeinen und situationsspezifischen Selbstwirksamkeit noch in Leistungsmotivation, Konzentration und kognitiver Leistung ein Unterschied zwischen formeller und zwang-loser Kleidung. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt den theoretischen Hintergrund und die Methoden der Studie und diskutiert ihre Ergebnisse.
Der häufig vertretenen Meinung, die praktische Wirtschaftspolitik benötige keine theoretische Basis, wird mit dem vorliegenden Werk Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik entgegnet. Ohne eine theoretische Basis, die Ziele, Instrumente, Maßnahmen und Leitsätze vorgibt, sowie die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Wirtschaftspolitik aufzeigt, bliebe die praktische Wirtschaftspolitik ohne Orientierung. Der Zielerfolg wäre nicht zu überprüfen. Um erfolgreich zu sein, muss die Wirtschaftspolitik Ziele anstreben und Maßnahmen treffen, die die Bürger akzeptieren. Der Erfolg der praktischen Wirtschaftspolitik ist nicht unabhängig von der Art des Wirtschaftssystems, in dem sie zum Tragen kommt.
Nostalgia is a construct that, even when rooted in lived experiences, serves the ultimate purpose of creating a desired sense of world. Fundamental cognitive competencies, including memory and imagination, are utilized by the nostalgic subject to fulfill a need for narrative coherence. A temporal or spatial distance is necessary for the occurrence of a nostalgic episode, which can be conceptualized as a “had been” state of being, as direct access to the experience is often impossible. Nostalgia may thus be viewed as a tool for sense-making rather than solely as a yearning for the past. The nostalgic narrative form is a construct that permits human subjects to comprehend their existence in the world while drawing upon their roots. These tools for sense-making serve as bridges between past experiences and current conditions. Ultimately, nostalgic identity is not just about longing for the past but also about utilizing the past as a resource for navigating the labyrinths of the present. Analyses are conducted to examine the medium of music video at three levels - auditory, visual, and linguistic - in order to investigate the strategies and techniques employed by the Iranian diaspora to create nostalgic narratives. Samples of original pieces and renditions are contrasted in order to identify elements of nostalgic narrativity. Drawing on empirical research, it is argued that the unity of a music video arises from the integration of separate layers of sensory and conceptual inputs that have been composed towards an affective resonance and narrative coherence.
Körperhaltung und Muskelspannung beeinflussen den Klang der Stimme. Aber gibt es auch einen Zusammenhang zwischen der motorischen Kontrolle der Nacken-, Gesichts- und Kieferregion und der Stimme? Die Pilotstudie mit 12 Sängerinnen ging dieser Frage nach und zeigt: Es ist sinnvoll, die motorische Kontrolle zu testen, wenn Patient*innen mit Stimmproblemen zur Physiotherapie kommen.
In modern times, closed-loop control systems (CLCSs) play a prominent role in a wide application range, from production machinery via automated vehicles to robots. CLCSs actively manipulate the actual values of a process to match predetermined setpoints, typically in real time and with remarkable precision. However, the development, modeling, tuning, and optimization of CLCSs barely exploit the potential of artificial intelligence (AI). This paper explores novel opportunities and research directions in CLCS engineering, presenting potential designs and methodologies incorporating AI. Combining these opportunities and directions makes it evident that employing AI in developing and implementing CLCSs is indeed feasible. Integrating AI into CLCS development or AI directly within CLCSs can lead to a significant improvement in stakeholder confidence. Integrating AI in CLCSs raises the question: How can AI in CLCSs be trusted so that its promising capabilities can be used safely? One does not trust AI in CLCSs due to its unknowable nature caused by its extensive set of parameters that defy complete testing. Consequently, developers working on AI-based CLCSs must be able to rate the impact of the trainable parameters on the system accurately. By following this path, this paper highlights two key aspects as essential research directions towards safe AI-based CLCSs: (I) the identification and elimination of unproductive layers in artificial neural networks (ANNs) for reducing the number of trainable parameters without influencing the overall outcome, and (II) the utilization of the solution space of an ANN to define the safety-critical scenarios of an AI-based CLCS.
Background: Multilingual children with suspected SLCN are often overlooked or their needs not accurately differentiated regarding the necessity of language support or therapy. The purpose of the study was to conceptualize, carry out and evaluate a local language support (LS) project within linguistically and culturally diverse (LCD) families and its effects on all collaborating participants.
Methods: Eight SLT students and one lecturer took part in the LS-project, alongside equivalent numbers of family liaison personnel. Students visited more than 10 young children aged between 2-6 years, and for each child 10 weekly home visits were carried out. Language enhancement was documented, several case studies with children and interviews with five liaison personnel conducted.
Results: All SLT students perceived changes in the behaviour and communication of participating children. Children in the case studies developed from pre-verbal to verbal means of communication and family liaison personnel reported positive changes alongside parental wishes to continue the support.
Conclusion: Local language support projects with LCD families can lead to positive differences regarding their children's communication development and better inclusion in mainstream society. SLT students benefit from working with LCD families and their collaborative support together with family liaison personnel, and vice versa.
Learning Outcomes: To differentiate the influence of language enhancement vs. formalized SLT therapy. To enhance the relationship with LCD clientele and collaboration with liaison personnel in SLCN settings. To incorporate life-long learning and intercultural sensitization.
Purpose
Sedentary behaviour (SED) and low level of physical activity (PA) might be associated with the development or worsening of pain. Still, studies assessing physical behaviours by accelerometry in individuals with orofacial pain are limited. This study aims to assess whether women with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) present different patterns of physical behaviours in days with (DWP) or without pain (DWoP).
Methods
Twenty-nine out of forty-four women (mean age 29.21 sd 7.96) were diagnosed with TMD and monitored over seven days using a thigh-worn accelerometer. DWP was determined when subjects presented pain in one of the craniocervical regions (head, jaw and neck) with intensity of at least 3 in the numerical rating scale. To be considered a DWoP, the individual presented less than 3 points in the three regions. Daily time-use compositions were described in terms of SED in short (<30 min) and long (≥30 min) bouts, light PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and time-in-bed. Isometric log-ratios (ilr) were calculated to express the ratio of time-in-bed to time spent awake, SED relative to LPA and MVPA, SED in short relative to long bouts, and LPA relative to MVPA. Differences between DWP and DWoP were examined using MANOVA, followed by univariate post-hoc tests of pairwise differences.
Results
During DWP, women with TMD spent more time in SED in short (239 min) and long bouts (419 min), less time in LPA (245 min), MVPA (68 min), and in bed (468 min) compared with DWoP (235, 378, 263, 70 and 493 min, respectively). The MANOVA showed that all sets of ilrs did not differ statistically (ηp2 = 0.19, p = 0.25). Still, the post-hoc tests showed a trend that time spent SED relative to LPA and MVPA was larger in DWP than in DWoP (Cohen’s d = 0.36, p = 0.05).
Conclusions
Women with TMD did not show different patterns of physical behaviours in DWP or DWoP. However, there is a trend of more sedentary behaviour and less physical activity in DWP compared to DWoP. Future studies should consider other pain intensity cut-offs, isolated pain locations, and larger sample sizes to confirm these results.
The aim of this European interprofessional Health Informatics (HI) Summer School was (i) to make advanced healthcare students familiar with what HI can offer in terms of knowledge development for patient care and (ii) to give them an idea about the underlying technical and legal mechanisms. According to the students’ evaluation, interprofessional education was very well received, problem-based learning focussing on cases was rated positively and the learning goals were met. However, it was criticised that the online material provided was rather detailed and comprehensive and could have been a bit overcharging for beginners. These drawbacks were obviously compensated by the positive experience of working in international and interprofessional groups and a generally welcoming environment.
Background and Aims
Early identification of nerve lesions and associated neuropathic pain in spine-related pain disorders is important for tailored treatment. Management may consist of surgical intervention for compressive neural lesions.
With a growing waitlist for public surgical outpatient clinics in Western Australia and wait times exceeding the recommended wait time for initial assessment (Category 1 – assessment within 1 months, Category 2 within 3 months, category 3 within 12 months), a call to support new models of care has been made1, including the evaluation and expansion of workforce models supporting advanced skills in allied health.1
An Advanced Scope Physiotherapy (ASP) led Neurosurgery Spinal Clinic operates at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital in Western Australia. The ASPs (2FTE) examine patients from the neurosurgery waitlist for their suitability for spinal surgery. Recommendation of either further investigation and possible assessment by a neurosurgeon or appropriate non-surgical management of the patients’ pain condition is suggested. Patient assessment is conducted either ‘in person’ at the hospital or via telehealth due to the remoteness of some rural patients. Patient cases are discussed with a neurosurgery consultant on a weekly basis. The aim of this project is to evaluate the ASP service in the year 2022.
Method
A retrospective descriptive analysis of patient data captured in 2022 was performed.
Results
In 2022, 1337 new patient referrals were managed plus 267 follow-ups from the previous year. Category 1 patients (n=81) waited on average 31 days for their first appointment, Category 2 patients (n=394) waited 76 days and Category 3 patients (n=854) waited 376 days.
287 (18%) referrals were discharged without physical assessment of the patient (DNA, cancellations, declined). Of the 1317 patients physically assessed by the ASPs (57%) were discharged directly after assessment, for 290 patients (22%) their outcome was still pending at time of analysis (March 2023) and 281 (22%) patients were referred for review with a neurosurgeon. Of the 229 patients assessed by a neurosurgeon (including patients from 2022), 103 patients (45%) were offered surgery, 52 (23%) were not offered surgery, 46 ( 20%) patients had to be reviewed, and for the remaining (n=18) their outcome was unknown.
Conclusion
Of the 1604 patients managed in the Neurosurgery Spinal Clinic, only 17% needed to see a neurosurgeon. The conversion rate to surgery of 45% is higher compared to an estimated 5%-10% in a non-triaged clinic.
The ASP model of care has proved invaluable to (i) provide access of patient care within the recommended wait times (ii) optimize neurosurgeons’ time, (iii) educate patients and, in case of non-suitability for surgery, advise and refer them for alternative appropriate management.
Relevance for Patient Care
The Advanced Scope Physiotherapy model of care at the Neurosurgery Spinal Clinic allows timely assessment of patients with spine-related disorders and supports targeted management of their condition.
Ethical Permissions
This project is registered as a Quality Improvement Project at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (QI35728) and as per the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research was exempt from review by the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Human Research and Ethics Committee
References
1Sustainable Health Review (2019). Sustainable Health Review: Final report to the Western Australian Government of Health, Western Australia