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Background: This paper describes an international nursing and health research immersion program. Minority students from the USA work with an international faculty mentor in teams conducting collaborative research. The Minority Health International Research Training (MHIRT) program students become catalysts in the conduct of cross-cultural research.
Aim: To narrow the healthcare gap for disadvantaged families in the USA and partner countries.
Methods: Faculty from the USA, Germany, Italy, Colombia, England, Austria and Thailand formed an international research and education team to explore and compare family health issues, disparities in chronic illness care, social inequities and healthcare solutions. USA students in the MHIRT program complete two introductory courses followed by a 3-month research practicum in a partner country guided by faculty mentors abroad. The overall program development, student study abroad preparation, research project activities, cultural learning, and student and faculty team outcomes are explored.
Results: Cross-fertilization of research, cultural awareness and ideas about improving family health occur through education, international exchange and research immersion. Faculty research and international team collaboration provide opportunities for learning about research, health disparities, cultural influences and healthcare systems. The students are catalysts in the research effort, the dissemination of research findings and other educational endeavours. Five steps of the collaborative activities lead to programmatic success.
Conclusions: MHIRT scholars bring creativity, enthusiasm, and gain a genuine desire to conduct health research about families with chronic illness. Their cultural learning stimulates career plans that include international research and attention to vulnerable populations.
Despite the wealth of literature on requirements engineering, little is known about engineering very generic, innovative and emerging requirements, such as those for cross-sectional information chains. The IKM health project aims at building information chain reference models for the care of patients with chronic wounds, cancer-related pain and back pain. Our question therefore was how to appropriately capture information and process requirements that are both generally applicable and practically useful. To this end, we started with recommendations from clinical guidelines and put them up for discussion in Delphi surveys and expert interviews. Despite the heterogeneity we encountered in all three methods, it was possible to obtain requirements suitable for building reference models. We evaluated three modelling languages and then chose to write the models in UML (class and activity diagrams). On the basis of the current project results, the pros and cons of our approach are discussed.
Every culture has its paradise vision: desirable and external conditions which, inside the concerned culture, are infrequently observed or difficult to realize and are linked to one another. This cross-cultural study compares well-being inChina,Bulgaria,FranceandGermany. The cultural patterns of the culture are differently, but well-being is easier to achieve if people adapt to their cultural patterns. The adjustment (positive subjective culture) is formed by culture-specific content and needs different in regards to different cultures.
Objective. To examine the association between region of origin and severe illness bringing a mother close to death (near‐miss). Design. Retrospective cohort study. Setting. Maternity units in Lower Saxony, Germany. Population. 441 199 mothers of singleton newborns in 2001–2007. Methods. Using chi‐squared tests, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression we examined the association between maternal region of origin and near‐miss outcomes with prospectively collected perinatal data up to seven days postpartum. Main outcome measures. Hysterectomy, hemorrhage, eclampsia and sepsis rates. Results. Eclampsia was not associated with region of origin. Compared to women from Germany, women from the Middle East (OR 2.24; 95%CI 1.60–3.12) and Africa/Latin America/other countries (OR 2.17; 95%CI 1.15–4.07) had higher risks of sepsis. Women from Asia (OR 3.37; 95%CI 1.66–6.83) and from Africa/Latin America/other countries had higher risks of hysterectomy (OR 2.65; 95%CI 1.36–5.17). Compared to German women, the risk of hemorrhage was higher among women from Asia (OR 1.55; 95%CI 1.19–2.01) and lower among women from the Middle East (OR 0.66, 95%CI 0.55–0.78). Adjusting for maternal age, parity, occupation, partner status, smoking, obesity, prenatal care, chronic conditions and infertility showed no association between country of origin and risk of sepsis. Conclusion. Region of origin was a strong predictor for near‐miss among women from the Middle East, Asia and Africa/Latin America/other countries. Confounders mostly did not explain the higher risks for maternal near‐miss in these groups of origin. Clinical studies and audits are required to examine the underlying causes for these risks.
Stakeholder relations and sustainability practices of US small and medium-sized manufacturers
(2012)
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the adoption of sustainability practices by small and medium-sized manufacturing (SMM) firms, the ways these firms work with their stakeholders for social and environmental purposes, and the relationships between the adoption of sustainability practices, stakeholder interaction, and product and process innovation.
Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses data from telephone interviews with 296 companies, a sustainability typology, and descriptive and statistical regression analysis.
Findings: The majority of the firms are adopting sustainability practices at least to some degree,stakeholders such as community advocacy groups, employees, suppliers, customers, and the localmedia are influencing the adoption of sustainability practices, and firms with high adoption rates of environmental practices are more successful in product and process innovation.Practical implications– The results of this research can help firms and stakeholder groups with their joint efforts to develop sustainability strategies. Community advocacy groups, employees,suppliers, customers, and the local media are capable of motivating firms to give something back tothe communities in which they conduct their business.
Originality/value: This paper contributes new understanding of the adoption of sustainabilitypractices by SMM firms, the ways these firms work with their stakeholders for social and environmental purposes, and the relationships between the adoption of sustainability practices,stakeholder interaction, and product and process innovation.
Since teachers spend several hours a day in interactions with other people, it seems plausible to assume that their social competencies are a vital foundation for their professional success. Thus, it makes sense to put special emphasis on such competencies in the context of career counseling/occupational orientation, teachers’ training and education as well as personnel selection procedures at schools. Hence instruments are required to measure job-relevant social competencies. Subsequently, we will describe the development and validation of a self-perception questionnaire to measure social competencies of teachers. It was designed as a self-assessment procedure and it informs on 10 job-relevant competencies. The main application areas lie in occupational orientation as well as in self-refl ection during university studies. Further application areas will be discussed.
Wir berichten von einer Studie, in der das englischsprachige Original einer Skala zur Messung des organisationsbezogenen Selbstwertes in fünf weitere Sprachen (deutsch, polnisch, ungarisch, spanisch, malaiisch) übersetzt und validiert wurde. Befragt wurden die Mitarbeiter eines internationalen Konzerns in sieben Ländern (USA, Kanada, Deutschland, Polen, Spanien, Ungarn und Malaysia). Zur Validierung werden die Arbeitszufriedenheit, die selbst eingeschätzte Arbeitsleistung sowie die Unterstützung der Mitarbeiter bei der Umsetzung der Unternehmenswerte (Commitment) herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass die Übersetzungen erfolgreich verlaufen sind. In allen Fällen ergibt sich eine reliable Skala, die positiv mit den Validititätskriterien korreliert.