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Incidence of Tube Feeding in 7174 Newly Admitted Nursing Home Residents With and Without Dementias
(2015)
Background:
Tube feeding is a common form of long-term nutritional support, especially for nursing home residents, of whom many have dementia.
Objective:
Estimating the incidence of feeding tube placement in nursing home residents with and without dementia.
Methods:
Using claims data, we studied a cohort of newly admitted nursing home residents aged 65 years and older between 2004 and 2009. Analyses were stratified by dementia. We estimated incidence rates and performed multivariate Cox regression analyses.
Results:
The study cohort included 7174 nursing home residents. Over a mean follow-up of 1.3 years, 273 people received a feeding tube. The incidence per 1000 person-years was 28.4, with higher estimates for patients with dementia. When adjusting for age, sex, and level of care as a time-dependent covariate, influence of dementia decreased to a nonsignificant hazard ratio.
Conclusion:
It seems that not dementia itself but the overall clinical condition might be a predictor of tube feeding placement.
The study at hand focuses the interdependencies between stress incidents and strategies of stress-coping in relation with well-being in helping professions. Furthermore, the scarce areas and the proband’s strategies of health behavior, comparing helping and other vocational groups, are investigated. The sample consist of teachers, bank employees, employees of marketing agencies, employees coming from the machine construction industry, as well as nurses, psychotherapists and physicians. The results show that everyday annoyances and problem-oriented stress-coping indeed affect well-being.
The following article deals with equivalence as a specific quality criterion concerning cross cultural research in psychology and provides an overview for this topic. The comparability of constructs as well as of data is analyzed. For this, the different levels of equivalence are regarded, e.g., translation equivalence and others. Classical as well as modern methods for the testing and guarantee of equivalence are analyzed. Critical approaches and methodical problems of cross cultural research are described.
Derzeit existieren wegen des Einflusses sozialer Erwünschtheit nur wenige psychologische Untersuchungen über Korruption. Die bisherige Korruptionsforschung hat sich stark auf die Ausprägung des Korruptionsniveaus gestützt und nicht den Einfluss von Kultur und der dadurch bedingten Wirkungen der Denk- und Verhaltensmuster auf das Konzept und die Ausprägung von Korruption untersucht. Dies ist die Fragestellung der vorliegenden Untersuchung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass unterschiedliche Konzepte von Korruption in Deutschland und Indonesien existieren. Das Konzept der Korruption bezieht sich auf die Frage, welche regelwidrigen Verhaltensweisen in welchem Ausmaß als korrupt bewertet werden. Dieses Korruptionskonzept ist von kulturellen Dimensionen wie Kollektivismus und Menschlichkeit abhängig, wobei diese auch innerhalb der Kulturen Varianzen aufweisen. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die methodischen Probleme der Messung von Korruption und die Schwierigkeiten der Verifizierung einer kulturübergreifenden Konstruktvalidität.
Objectives: to identify the errors in daily intensive nursing care and analyze them according to the theory of human error. Method: quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study, undertaken at the Intensive Care Center of a hospital in the Brazilian Sentinel Hospital Network. The participants were 36 professionals from the nursing team. The data were collected through semistructured interviews, observation and lexical analysis in the software ALCESTE®. Results: human error in nursing care can be related to the approach of the system, through active faults and latent conditions. The active faults are represented by the errors in medication administration and not raising the bedside rails. The latent conditions can be related to the communication difficulties in the multiprofessional team, lack of standards and institutional routines and absence of material resources. Conclusion: the errors identified interfere in nursing care and the clients’ recovery and can cause damage. Nevertheless, they are treated as common events inherent in daily practice. The need to acknowledge these events is emphasized, stimulating the safety culture at the institution.
Objective: to understand the meaning of the Adult Intensive Care Unit environment of care,
experienced by professionals working in this unit, managers, patients, families and professional
support services, as well as build a theoretical model about the Adult Intensive Care Unit
environment of care. Method: Grounded Theory, both for the collection and for data analysis.
Based on theoretical sampling, we carried out 39 in-depth interviews semi-structured from
three different Adult Intensive Care Units. Results: built up the so-called substantive theory
“Sustaining life in the complex environment of care in the Intensive Care Unit”. It was bounded
by eight categories: “caring and continuously monitoring the patient” and “using appropriate
and differentiated technology” (causal conditions); “Providing a suitable environment” and
“having relatives with concern” (context); “Mediating facilities and difficulties” (intervenienting
conditions); “Organizing the environment and managing the dynamics of the unit” (strategy)
and “finding it difficult to accept and deal with death” (consequences). Conclusion: confirmed
the thesis that “the care environment in the Intensive Care Unit is a living environment, dynamic
and complex that sustains the life of her hospitalized patients”.
Gender disparities in German home-care arrangements
An ageing population correlates with rising needs for
long-term care (LTC). Support programmes should con-
sider the specific needs of the various subgroups of care
dependents and family caregivers. The objective of this
study was to analyse the gender-specific disparities in
home-care arrangements in Germany, and for this pur-
pose, survey and insurance claims data were used. A sur-
vey of 2545 insured care recipients with high-level care
needs was conducted in 2012 with the Barmer GEK, a
major German statutory healthcare insurance. Insurance
claims data were provided for a follow-up, focussing on
the group aged 60 years and older. For statistical compar-
ison, chi-squared test and t-tests were used, and a p-
value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Most
care recipients are female, and they are on average
2 years older than males. Men receive family care mostly
from their wives, whereas widows frequently live alone
and receive care from daughters, sons, other relatives,
neighbours and friends, as well as from professional
nursing services. Furthermore, women more often antici-
pate the need for (further) professional assistance and
move in with a relative or to an assisted living facility or
a nursing home in good time. The desired rate for reloca-
tion to a nursing home was higher than the anticipated,
and during the 6-month follow-up, the actual rate of
relocations was in between both. In summary, the caring
situation of men and women is different. Care-receiving
men are most often cared for by their wives. Widowed
women need a social network and their children in order
to remain in their own home. To provide better home-
care arrangements for women in this situation, the fam-
ily and social networks need a stronger focus in politics
and research. To stabilise the home-care situation of men
with high-level care needs, their wives need more
support.
Hintergrund: Ernährung, Bewegung und die Lebensweise vor und während der Schwangerschaft beeinflussen die mütterliche und kindliche Gesundheit. Werdende Eltern werden dabei häufig mit unterschiedlichen Aussagen konfrontiert. Deshalb hat das Netzwerk „Gesund ins Leben – Netzwerk Junge Familie“ – Teil des Nationalen Aktionsplans IN FORM der Bundesregierung – harmonisierte Handlungsempfehlungen zur Ernährung und Bewegung in der Schwangerschaft als Beratungsstandard entwickelt.
Material und Methodik: Die Autoren haben sich bei der Entwicklung der Handlungsempfehlungen vor allem auf vorhandene Leitlinien, Metaanalysen und systematische Übersichten gestützt.
Ergebnisse: Bis zum Ende der Schwangerschaft steigt der Energiebedarf nur um etwa 10 %, während der Bedarf an einzelnen Mikronährstoffen viel stärker zunimmt. Die Ernährungsempfehlungen orientieren sich an den Empfehlungen für die Allgemeinbevölkerung. Zusätzlich sollen schon bei Kinderwunsch und mindestens im ersten Schwangerschaftsdrittel 400 µg Folsäure/Tag als Supplement eingenommen werden. Neben jodreichen Lebensmitteln und Jodsalz wird ein tägliches Supplement mit 100 – 150 µg Jod empfohlen. Eine Vitamin-D-Supplementierung ist ratsam, falls keine regelmäßige Sonnenlichtexposition erfolgt. Eisenpräparate sollen nur individuell nach medizinischer Anamnese und Blutuntersuchung verwendet werden. Bei gezielter Lebensmittelauswahl ist eine gute Nährstoffversorgung auch mit einer ovo-lakto-vegetarischen Ernährung plus den genannten Supplementen möglich. Bei einer rein pflanzlichen (veganen) Ernährung ist eine ausreichende Versorgung ohne weitere Nährstoffsupplemente nicht zu gewährleisten. Schwangere sollten körperlich aktiv sein, sportliches Training aber nur mit mäßiger Intensität betreiben.
Schlussfolgerungen: Multiplikatoren sollten werdende Eltern zu einem gesundheitsfördernden Lebensstil motivieren. Dafür bieten die Handlungsempfehlungen die fachliche Beratungsgrundlage. Um den Bekanntheitsgrad der Handlungsempfehlungen zu steigern, bietet das Netzwerk Medien für Fachkräfte und junge Familien sowie Multiplikatorenfortbildungen an.