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Social networking technologies such as social media, crowd concepts, or gamification represent key resources for the integration of customers, value network partners, and the community into sustainable business models. However, there is a lack of understanding of how sustainable enterprises apply such technologies. To close this gap, we propose a taxonomy of design options for social networking technologies in sustainable business models. Our taxonomy comprises eight dimensions that deal with relevant questions of the design of social networking technologies. When creating our taxonomy, we built on existing literature and use cases and involved experienced practitioners in the field of sustainable business models for the validation of our taxonomy. In this way, our study contributes to knowledge on the use of social networking technologies in sustainable business models and how such technologies influence the boundaries of sustainable business models. Likewise, we provide practical insights into the use of social networking technologies in sustainable business models.
Career Decisions of Indian Female Talent: Implications for Gender-sensitive Talent Management
(2020)
Purpose: Talent scarcity in emerging economies such as India poses challenges for companies,and limited labour market participation among well-educated women has been observed. The reasons that professionals decide not to pursue a further corporate career remain unclear. By investigating career decision making, this article aims to highlight (1) the contextual factors that impact those decisions, (2) individuals’ agency to handle them, and (3) the implications for talent management (TM).
Design/methodology/approach: Following a qualitative research design, computer-aided analysis was conducted on interviews with 24 internationally experienced Indian business professionals. A novel application of neo-institutionalism in the Indian context was combined with the family-relatedness of work decisions (FRWD) model.
Findings: Career decisions indicate that rebellion against Indian societal and family expectations is essential to following a career path, especially for women. TM as part of the current institutional framework serves as a legitimising façade veiling traditional practices that hinder females’ careers.
Research limitations: Interviewees adopted a retrospective perspective when describing their career decisions; therefore, different views might have existed at the moment of decision making.
Practical implications: Design and implementation of gender-sensitive TM adjusted to fit the specific Indian context can contribute to retaining female talent in companies and the labour market.
Originality/value: The importance of gender-sensitive TM can be concluded from an empirical study of the context-based career decision making of experienced business professionals from India. The synthesis of neo-institutionalism, the FRWD model and the research results provides assistance in mapping talent experiences and implications for overcoming the challenges of talent scarcity in India.
Background
Against the background of a steadily increasing degree of digitalization in health care, a professional information management (IM) is required to successfully plan, implement, and evaluate information technology (IT). At its core, IM has to ensure a high quality of health data and health information systems to support patient care.
Objectives
The goal of the present study was to define what constitutes professional IM as a construct as well as to propose a reliable and valid measurement instrument.
Methods
To develop and validate the construct of professionalism of information management (PIM) and itsmeasurement, a stepwise approach followed an established procedure from information systems and behavioral research. The procedure included an analysis of the pertaining literature and expert rounds on the construct and the
instrument, two consecutive and comprehensive surveys at the national and international level, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as reliability and validity testing.
Results
Professionalism of information management was developed as a construct consisting of the three dimensions of strategic, tactical, and operational IMas well as of the regularity and cyclical phases of IM procedures as the two elements of professionalism.
The PIM instrument operationalized the construct providing items that incorporated IM procedures along the three dimensions and cyclical phases. These procedures had to be evaluated against their degree of regularity in the instrument. The instrument proved to be reliable and valid in two consecutive measurement phases
and across three countries.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that professionalism of information management is a meaningful construct that can be operationalized in a scientifically rigorous manner. Both science and practice can benefit from these developments in terms of improved self-assessment, benchmarking capabilities, and eventually, obtaining a better understanding of health IT maturity.
Kurzfassung: Die vorliegende Untersuchung setzt sich mit den Problemfeldern der Personalauswahl und -entwicklung auseinander, welche die demografischen Veränderungen in Bezug auf Migration mit sich bringen. Explorativ soll die Ausprägung von sozialen und interkulturellen Kompetenzen und der Aspekt Diversity in Unternehmen untersucht werden. Hierzu wurden 69 Interviews durchgeführt und die intervallskalierten Selbsteinschätzungsskalen quantitativ verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Mitarbeiter die Relevanz von Diversity-Einstellungen und Maßnahmen, Kompetenzen und Umsetzung dieser deutlich höher bewerten als die Führungskräfte. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf den Bedarf einer Kompetenzförderung hin, insbesondere in Bezug auf die interkulturelle Kompetenz.
The central aim of the investigation at hand is to deal with the problem areas of Human Resource Management, which arise by demographic changes and migration. The paper focuses on mutual relationships. Managers and human resource managers are considered as multipliers. Older employees, migrants and women are important potential. Therefore, following research questions have been investigated: Which competences are necessary to promote to recognise the potential of migrants correctly and to promote them? Do the multipliers have to be more sensitized for the issue diversity? Do they have to develop specific competences to make the system more permeable and to make the entry and promotion of migrants possible? Which competences should be promoted to increase the sensitivity for diversity? The questions were examined by a qualitative investigation to develop hypotheses for a quantitative study. Overall, 30 interviews with managers, human resource managers and diversity representatives of the large DAX companies were conducted. Furthermore, 17 employees with immigration background and 15 employees without an immigration background were interviewed. The data was transcribed and analysed by the qualitative content analysis according to Mayring (2010). Comparative analyses were made with single items with Likert Scales. The investigation of managers and employees is a highly diversified issue. Therefore, the main focus of the project lays on the problem areas, conflicts and competences of human resources managers in demographic-sensitive personnel management. In comparison, employees with and without an immigration background were asked. The results show an interesting field of tension between self-perception and perception of others and the assessment of the relevance of diversity attitudes and measures, competences and their implementation. Furthermore, a contrary perception regarding strains and stresses of person with and without immigration background is determined, which is developed in the consequences of migrations stress and experiences of discrimination. The results indicate the need of promotion of competences, especially regarding intercultural competence. A critical analysis of the results will be presented.
Aims: This study examines the relationship between the time, students spent abroad, personality traits and circumstances during this time with the student’s intercultural competence and integration performance in the target culture. Design and sample: The study had a correlative cross-sectional design. 202 academic subjects were surveyed. The average age was 22 years. There was one measuring time, to which 58 % of the participants stated that they have had a stay abroad. Measurements: Metacognitive, cognitive, motivational and behavioural intercultural competence were measured with the Cultural Intelligence Scale. The personality traits involvement, discipline, social competence, cooperation, dominance and stability were captured with the "Bochum inventory for job-related personality description-6F". Work-related attitudes as patterns of behaviour and experience were measured using the "Work-related Behaviour and Experiencing Pattern 44" (Geman: Arbeitsbezogene Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster; AVEM). In addition, the demographic factors and characteristics of stays abroad as well as the integration into the target culture based on the Sociocultural Adaption Scale were examined. The data was tested for relationships and differences by tests for mean differences, variance and regression analyses. Results: There was a positive correlation between duration and cognitive, motivational and behavioural intercultural competence. The motivational competence is higher in subjects who have no risk pattern in the AVEM. The different types of competence influence each other at diverse times. Moreover, the suggested structural equation model could be confirmed. This showed the effect of the AVEM pattern on intercultural competence, moderated by the stay abroad and the social competence.
Kurzfassung: Die vorliegende Untersuchung untersucht die Auswirkungen
der Dauer eines Auslandsaufenthaltes von Studierenden sowie von arbeitsbezogenen Persönlichkeitsfaktoren und Charakteristika auf die interkulturelle Kompetenz und die Integration der Teilnehmer. Die Untersuchung erfolgte in Form einer korrelativen Querschnittstudie. Insgesamt 202 Probanden mit akademischer Ausbildung wurden untersucht. Es wurden die interkulturelle Kompetenz, Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und arbeitsbezogene Einstellungen gemessen, sowie demographische Faktoren des Auslandsaufenthaltes und die Integration in die Zielkultur. Es gibt einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen der Dauer von Auslandsaufenthalten und kognitiver, motivationaler und verhaltensbezogener interkultureller
Kompetenz.
Im Rahmen des Forschungsschwerpunktes „Inklusive Bildung“ der Hochschule Osnabrück wurde eine quantitative Erhebung mittels eines schriftlichen Fragebogens durchgeführt.Die Ergebnisse verweisen in vergleichender Perspektive auf unterschiedliche Handlungs- und Sichtweisen der Berufsgruppen hin. Damit ergeben sich verschiedene Chancen sowie Herausforderungen in der Kooperation der Bildungsbereiche – und die Notwendigkeit einer Systematisierung dieser Prozesse.
Evaluation im Kulturbetrieb
(2019)
Hintergrund: Geburtshilfliche Interventionen nehmen weltweit zu, auch in Deutschland. Um deren Zahl zu reduzieren entstehen verschiedene Ansätze zur Förderung der normalen Geburt, so auch der deutsche „Expertinnenstandard Förderung der physiologischen Geburt“. Unter anderem wird darin eine Hebammensprechstunde gefordert. Inwieweit Hebammensprechstunden in Einrichtungen, die den Expertinnenstandard eingeführt haben, implementiert sind und ob sie in ihrer Ausgestaltung den Empfehlungen, so wie sie von den Entwicklerinnen intendiert waren (Adhärenz), folgen, ist bisher nicht bekannt. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, Analysemerkmale für die Hebammensprechstunde zu entwickeln, die Zielgruppe und Inhalte zu identifizieren und die Adhärenz zu untersuchen.
Methode: Eine Delphi-Befragung zur Entwicklung von Analysemerkmalen mit 3 Entwicklerinnen und eine quantitative Dokumentenanalyse der Dokumente der Hebammensprechstunden zweier Krankenhäuser wurde durchgeführt (Krankenhaus 1: n=92; Krankenhaus 2: n=62).
Ergebnisse: Sechs Merkmale (Dokumentation von „Sorgen und Ängste“, „Absprachen“, „Beratungsthemen“, „Themen, die besprochen wurden“, „Nachvollziehbarkeit der Möglichkeiten der Geburtsplanung“ und „Optionen der Geburtsplanung) wurden aus dem Expertinnenstandard identifiziert. Vor allem Erstgebärende (77,2%) nehmen die Hebammensprechstunde in Anspruch. Es zeigt sich ein breites Spektrum an Themen, die im Rahmen der Hebammensprechstunde angesprochen werden. Die Dokumente von Krankenhaus 2 belegen eine hohe Adhärenz, während die Dokumente von Krankenhaus 1 eine mittlere Adhärenz zeigen.
Schlussfolgerungen: Die Untersuchung der Adhärenz ermöglicht es Krankenhäusern, die Hebammensprechstunde auf ihre Umsetzung hin einzuschätzen. Auf Grundlage der hier vorgestellten Analyse können Anpassungen, z. B. an der Dokumentenstruktur oder den Beratungsinhalten vorgenommen werden. Im Kontext der Hebammensprechstunde besteht weiterer Forschungsbedarf zu den Implementierungsprozessen, um vorhandene Unterschiede in der Adhärenz besser zu erklären.
Keynes’ Grandchildren and Easterlin’s Paradox. What Is Keeping Us from Reducing Our Working Hours?
(2019)
In 1930 Keynes famously predicted that 100 years later-i.e. in 2030-the “economic problem” would be solved and we would be living in an “age of leisure and of abundance” working only 3 h a day. In the same text, Keynes stated that there are absolute and relative needs (“in the sense that we feel them only if their satisfaction lifts us above, makes us feel superior to, our fellows”), but he thought that relative needs are of minor importance. Richard Easterlin’s work, on the other hand, suggests that relative needs are pervasive and that wellbeing depends much more on one’s relative income than Keynes once thought.
It will be argued in this text that Richard Easterlin’s findings, in spite of proving Keynes off the mark in his understatement of relative needs, strengthens the case for working time reductions: the larger the proportion of goods subject to the relative-income effect, the greater are the benefits of working fewer hours. Perhaps the main explanation for why we are still sticking to the 40-h work-week is that the Easterlin paradox has not been widely understood yet.
Despite normal neurological bedside and electrodiagnostic, some patients with non-specific neck arm pain (NSNAP) have heightened nerve mechanosensitivity upon neurodynamic testing [1, 2]. It remains however unclear whether this is associated with a minor nerve injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential differences in somatosensory function among patients with unilateral NSNAP with and without positive neurodynamic tests and healthy controls.
Quantitative sensory testing was performed in 40 patients with unilateral NSNAP; 23 with positive upper limb neurodynamic tests (ULNTPOS) and 17 with negative neurodynamic tests (ULNTNEG). The protocol comprised thermal and mechanical detection and pain thresholds as well as mechanical pain sensitivity, wind-up ratio and dynamic mechanical allodynia. All parameters were measured in the maximal pain area on the affected side as well as over the corresponding area on the unaffected side. Symptom severity, functional deficits, psychological parameters, quality of life and sleep disturbance were also recorded.
Fifty-seven percent of patients with NSNAP had positive neurodynamic tests despite normal bedside neurological integrity tests and nerve conduction parameters. Clinical profiles did not differ between patient groups. Somatosensory profiling revealed a more pronounced loss of function phenotype in ULNTPOS patients compared to healthy controls. Hyperalgesia (cold, heat and pressure pain) was present bilaterally in both NSNAP group. The ULNTNEG subgroup represented an intermediate phenotype between ULNTPOS patients and healthy controls in both thermal and pressure pain thresholds as well as mechanical detection thresholds.
In conclusion, heightened nerve mechanosensitivity was present in over half of patients with NSNAP. Our data suggest that NSNAP presents as a spectrum with some patients showing signs suggestive of a minor nerve dysfunction.
[1] Elvey RL. Physical evaluation of the peripheral nervous system in disorders of pain and dysfunction. J Hand Ther 1997;10:122-129.
[2] van der Heide B, Bourgoin C, Eils G, Garnevall B, Blackmore M. Test-retest reliability and face validity of a modified neural tissue provocation test in patients with cervicobrachial pain syndrome. J Man Manip Ther 2006;14:30-36.
Background:
The evaluation of somatosensory dysfunction is important for diagnostics and may also have implications for prognosis and management. The current standard to evaluate somatosensory dysfunction is quantitative sensory testing (QST), which is expensive and time consuming. This study describes a low-cost and time-efficient clinical sensory test battery (CST), and evaluates its concurrent validity compared to QST.
Method: Three patient cohorts with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS, n=86), non-specific neck and arm pain (NSNAP, n=40) and lumbar radicular pain/radiculopathy (LR n=26) were included. The CST consisted of 13 tests, each corresponding to a QST parameter and evaluating a broad spectrum of sensory functions using mechanical and thermal detection and pain thresholds and testing both loss and gain of function. Agreement rate, significance and strength of correlation between CST and QST were calculated.
Results: Several CST parameters (cold and warm detection, cold pain, mechanical detection, mechanical pain for loss of function, pressure pain) were significantly correlated with QST, with a majority demonstrating >60% agreement rates and weak to relatively strong correlations. However, agreement varied among cohorts. Gain of function parameters showed stronger correlation in the CTS and NSNAP cohort, whereas loss of function parameters performed better in the LR cohort. Other CST parameters (vibration detection, heat pain, mechanical pain for gain of function, windup ratio) did not significantly correlate with QST.
Conclusion: Some, but not all tests in the CST battery can detect somatosensory dysfunction as determined with QST. The CST battery may perform better when the somatosensory phenotype is more pronounced.
Relationship of QST measures between low back and leg sites in people with radicular leg pain
(2019)
Background and Aims
Clinicians and researchers often rely on altered neurological integrity tests in the leg to identify radicular pain, however neurological integrity is often not tested in the low back region even in the presence of pain in this region. There have been suggestions that the low back pain itself could be neuropathic in nature in some patients (Baron et al., 2016). This study aims to explore the relationship between quantitative sensory testing (QST) measures in the leg and low back in participants with radicular leg pain to consider if sensory testing should be performed in both areas in clinical practice.
Methods
13 participants (mean age 48.2 SD 13.8, gender (female) 8) with radicular leg pain were recruited from National Health Service spinal clinics in the UK. After assessment with the clinician, a full QST profile was taken from each participant’s affected leg and low back. Z scores were calculated using data from age matched healthy controls. Correlations using Pearson’s if the data was normally distributed or Kendall’s Tau-b if not, were undertaken between QST scores of the low back and leg. Paired t tests or Mann Whitney tests were performed to assess differences in QST scores between the leg and low back regions.
Results
There were no significant correlations (P>0.05) in any of the QST measures between the leg and the low back regions. However, only vibration detection threshold measures showed statistically significant differences between the leg and low back (p<0.001), with the low back region showing greater loss of function (mean -2.84) than the leg (mean -0.61).
Conclusions
Significantly lower vibration thresholds were found in the back compared to the leg. This may suggest some alteration in posterior primary ramus large diameter afferent nerve function, and indicate that the low back pain itself may indeed have a neuropathic component. Our findings suggest that sensory testing of the lumbar spine may be advisable in this group of individuals. The small sample size means that these results must be taken with some caution, however these results warrant further investigation in people with radicular leg pain.
Climate change is the biggest social challenge facing the globalised world. The aim of this paper is to investigate the requirements for governance structures in regional sustainability programmes against climate change.
The study is an explorative case study. It is based on a literature review and expert interviews. It also involves the participatory observation of working groups meetings, and a design thinking workshop.
In spite of their enormous importance, little is known about the institutional conditions of the regional governance of climate change projects in Germany.
For this reason, the research project focuses on the important aspect of networking and governance structures. Consequently, the investigation will contribute to answering the question of which institutional framework conditions can raise the likelihood of climate change projects having a sustainable effect.
The outcomes of the application
This research has not only practical implications for the single case. The exploration of the critical factors of success also offers other regions important food for thought in shaping their governance structures. In particular, the design thinking process and the business network in the District of Steinfurt offer valuable points of reference.
Background
Lay family caregivers of patients receiving palliative care often confront stressful situations in the care of their loved ones. This is particularly true for families in the home-based palliative care settings, where the family caregivers are responsible for a substantial amount of the patient’s care. Yet, to our knowledge, no study to date has examined the family caregivers’ exposure to critical events and distress with home-based palliative care has been reported from Germany. Therefore, we attempt to assess family caregiver exposure to the dying patient’s critical health events and relate that to the caregiver’s own psychological distress to examine associations with general health within a home-based palliative care situation in Germany.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 106 family caregivers with home-based palliative care in the Federal State of North Rhine Westphalia, Germany. We administered the Stressful Caregiving Adult Reactions to Experiences of Dying (SCARED) Scale. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models relating general health (SF-36) were used to analyze the data.
Results
The frequency of the caregiver’s exposure, or witness of, critical health events of the patient ranged from 95.2% “pain/discomfort” to 20.8% “family caregiver thought patient was dead”. The highest distress scores assessing fear and helpfulness were associated with “family caregiver felt patient had enough’” and “family caregiver thought patient was dead”. Linear regression analyses revealed significant inverse associations between SCARED critical health event exposure frequency (beta = .408, p = .025) and total score (beta = .377, p = .007) with general health in family caregivers.
Conclusions
Family caregivers with home-based palliative care in Germany frequently experience exposure to a large number of critical health events in caring for their family members who are terminally ill. These exposures are associated with the family caregiver’s degree of fear and helplessness and are associated with their worse general health. Thus the SCARED Scale, which is brief and easy to administer, appears able to identify these potentially upsetting critical health events among family caregivers of palliative care patients receiving care at home. Because it identified commonly encountered critical events in these patients and related them to adverse general health of family caregivers, the SCARED may add to clinically useful screens to identify family caregivers who may be struggling.
Talent scarcity in emerging economies such as India poses challenges for companies. Limited labour market participation among well-educated women has been observed. The reasons that professionals decide not to pursue a further corporate career remain unclear. By investigating their career decision making, this handout summerizes research results from a study that aims to highlight the contextual factors that impact those decisions.
Following a qualitative research design interviews with internationally experienced Indian business professionals show that rebellion against Indian societal and family expectations is essential to following a career path, especially for women. The current institutional framework of society and organizations serves as a legitimizing façade veiling traditional practices that hinder females’ careers.
Niche-based species distribution models (SDMs) play a central role in studying species response to environmental change. Effective management and conservation plans for freshwater ecosystems require SDMs that accommodate hierarchical catchment ordering and provide clarity on the performance of such models across multiple scales. The scale-dependence components considered here are: (a) environment spatial structure, represented by hierarchical catchment ordering following the Strahler system; (b) analysis grain, that included 1st to 5th order catchments; and (c) response grain, the grain at which species respond most, represented by local and upstream catchment area effects. We used fish occurrence data from the Danube River Basin and various factors representing climate, land cover and anthropogenic pressures. Our results indicate that the choice of response grain – local vs. upstream area effects – and the choice of analysis grain, only marginally influence the performance of SDMs. Upstream effects tend to better predict fish distributions than corresponding local effects for anthropogenic and land cover factors, in particular for species sensitive to pollution. Key predictors and their relative importance are scale and species dependent. Consequently, choosing proper species dependent spatial scales and factors is imperative for effective river rehabilitation measures.
Symposion: Working for the greater good in services: risks and innovation impacts on employees’ wellbeing
Oral presentation: Kumbruck: Digitalization in Health and Old People’s Care and the Impacts on the Interaction Work
Purpose: Digitalization like roboter to lift or feed care receiver or like electronic patient documentation, e.g. on smartphones, changes interaction and communication between care givers and care receivers. From our research projects (Projektgruppe verfassungsverträgliche Technikgestaltung: Mobile information and communication tools in the hospital; Das Ethos fürsorglicher Praxis in der Pflege) shows impacts.
Design/Methodology/Approach/Intervention: Qualitative studies (simulation studies; narrative Interviews, observations,) with more than 60 experimentees in different health care institutions.
Results: The interaction is mediated by electronic tools. The nurses are confident by the electronic assistance and workload reduction; but they are afraid of more distance in the relationship to the patients, more mixing of private and working time activities or more observation by their superiors. The most critical aspect is seen in the patient documentation.
Limitations: These studies are explorative ones. Especially the simulation study is an experimental design.
Research/Practical Implications: There is need for more and quantitative studies. The results give a lot of indications that the organizational and political frameworks of health care are important moderators of the impacts of the digitalization in health care.
Originality/Value: The studies have an important perspective on the change in the relationship between health care givers and receivers by digitalization – a topic, which concerns everybody.
Aims: Intercultural competence has become a key-competence, since the world has become more and more volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous. Therefore, insights in the development of intercultural competence and its´ links to individual traits are crucial for companies and researchers to face the requirements in a VUCA world. This study examines the relationship between the time, students spent abroad, personality traits and circumstances during this time with the student’s intercultural competence and integration performance in the target culture. The study had a correlative cross-sectional design. Design and sample: A total of 202 academic subjects were surveyed. The average age was 22 years. There was one measuring time, to which 58 % of the participants stated that they have had a stay abroad. Measurements: Metacognitive, cognitive, motivational and behavioural intercultural competence were measured with the Cultural Intelligence Scale. The personality traits involvement, discipline, social competence, cooperation, dominance and stability were captured with the "Bochum inventory for job-related personality description-6F". Work-related attitudes as patterns of behaviour and experience were measured using the "Work-related Behaviour and Experiencing Pattern 44" (German: Arbeitsbezogene Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster, AVEM). This scale captures the way participants relate to work in general based on the measurement of personality traits and their fit to specific clusters, which describe, whether individuals have healthy or risky patterns. In addition, the demographic factors and characteristics of stays abroad as well as the integration into the target culture based on the Sociocultural Adaption Scale were examined. The data was tested for relationships and differences by tests for mean differences, variance and regression analyses. Results: There was a positive correlation between duration and cognitive, motivational and behavioural intercultural competence. The motivational competence is higher in subjects who have no risk pattern in the AVEM. The different types of competence influence each other at diverse times. Moreover, the suggested structural equation model could be confirmed. This showed the effect of the AVEM pattern on intercultural competence, moderated by the stay abroad and the social competence. Thus, the study contributes to the understanding of both the measurement of intercultural competence and the development process of intercultural competence in a globalized world.
Do multipliers have to be more sensitized for the issue diversity? Do they have to develop specific competences? Which do they already have? These questions were analysed by a qualitative investigation. Ca. 70 interviews with managers of the large DAX companies and employees were conducted. The results show a field of tension between self-perception and perception of others and the assessment of the relevance of diversity attitudes and measures, competences and their actual implementation. The results indicate the need of promotion of competences, especially regarding the intercultural competence. We position ourselves in a functionalist perspective, in line with the work on paradigms of Burell and Morgan (2017) and Deetz (1996) in social sciences and Cross-Cultural Management. We present these results from a functionalist perspective in order to ensure the greatest possible "objectivity".
Hintergrund: Im Zuge der weltweiten Flüchtlingsbewegungen ist in den letzten Jahren eine hohe Anzahl an geflüchteten Personen nach Deutschland gekommen. Laut amtlicher Statistik lebten Ende 2018 ca. 1.780.000 Schutzsuchende in Deutschland (Statistisches Bundesamt 2019). Der Anteil weiblicher Schutzsuchender beträgt ca. 37,4 Prozent. Zirka 51 Prozent der geflüchteten Frauen, die in Deutschland ankommen und Asyl beantragen, befinden sich im gebärfähigen Alter zwischen 15 und 45 Jahren (Statistisches Bundesamt 2019a; _b). Darüber, wie viele schutzsuchende Frauen schwanger eingereist sind oder zum Zeitpunkt ihres Aufenthaltes in der Erstaufnahmeeinrichtung schwanger geworden sind, liegen keine Daten vor. Ebenso fehlen bisher in Deutschland repräsentative gesundheitsbezogene Daten von Schutzsuchenden (Frank, Yesil-Jürgens & Razum et al. 2017). Insbesondere zu den gesundheitlichen Problemlagen und Bedürfnissen von schutzsuchenden Frauen im Bereich Schwangerschaft, Geburt und postpartaler Phase liegen keine Erkenntnisse vor (Bozorgmehr, Mohsenpour & Saure et al. 2016; Heslehurst, Brown & Pemu et al. 2018). Internationale Studien deuten allerdings darauf hin, dass die gesundheitsbezogene Bedarfslage schutzsuchender Frauen komplex ist (Gagnon, Zimbeck & Zeitlin et al. 2009;van den Akker & van Roosmalen 2016). Die systematische Identifizierung von Versorgungsbedarfen und eine bedarfsgerechte Versorgungsplanung sind deshalb derzeit kaum möglich (Mörath 2019). Aus rechtlicher Perspektive ist diese unbefriedigende Situation ebenfalls problematisch (Klotz 2018). Die Umsetzung des völkerrechtlich bindenden internationalen Rechts auf ein für sie [Anmerk. d. V. : die Person] erreichbares Höchstmaß an körperlicher und geistiger Gesundheit (BGBI. 1976), welches von Deutschland 1976 ratifiziert wurde, sowie des UN-Übereinkommens zur Beseitigung jeder Diskriminierung der Frau von 1979 (BGBI. 1985) und der in der EU-Richtlinie 2013/33/EU in Kapitel IV aufgeführten Bestimmungen für schutzbedürftige Personen erfordert für diese spezifische Personengruppe vielfache Bemühungen. Denn die Förderung und Verbesserung der sexuellen und reproduktiven Gesundheit bzw. Rechte von schutzsuchenden Frauen kann einen Beitrag zu ihrer gesellschaftlichen Integration nach sich ziehen (Janssens, Bosmans & Temmerman 2005). Zuzüglich zur rechtlichen Situation schutzsuchender Frauen gilt das Recht ihrer Kinder auf Gesundheit. Im Artikel 24 der UN-Kinderrechtskonvention (UN, Committee on the Rights of the Child 2013) ist dieses verankert und unterstreicht u. a. für die Vor- und Nachsorge relevante Versorgungsbereiche wie z. B. prä- und postnatale Versorgung der Mütter, Aufklärung über Gesundheit und Ernährung u. w. m. (Deutsches Institut für Menschenrechte 2017).
Background:
Midwifery care in Germany is a legal right for every woman (SGB V). Midwives work employed or freelance in hospitals or in community services, providing maternal care from pregnancy until the end of breastfeeding (Sayn-Wittgenstein 2007). Increasingly, a shortage of midwifery care has been observed, forcing hospitals to understaff or to close their birth units, leaving women and their families without care (Sander et al. 2018). At the same time, birth rates are rising, thus leading to an increasing demand of midwifery care (Destatis 2019). As off today there is no central register for midwives across Germany’s 16 states. Therefor the exact number of registered midwives as well as the scope of services provided by midwives are not known (Niedersächsisches Landesgesundheitsamt 2019). Given the present situation, it seems to be imperative to establish effective midwifery workforce planning.
The aim of this poster is to identify already existing health workforce planning approaches and to determine the extent to which those can be transferred to the German system of midwifery care.
Methods:
Health workforce planning approaches, already being used on a national and international level, have been analysed, focusing their applicability to midwifery services in Germany.
Results:
Particular elements of the workforce planning approaches already being used in Germany for registered physicians seem to be adoptable. However, they need to be adjusted and enhanced to ensure the characteristics of midwifery in the German public health services. Internationally used approaches are not readily transferable due to systemic differences in health care systems.
Conclusions:
The development of new specific workforce and service planning approaches for midwifery care in Germany is crucial to meet present and future needs of women and their families during the childbirth period.
Vor dem Hintergrund der Auseinandersetzung mit der Digitalisierung im Hochschulsystem werden ausgewählte Aktivitäten für eine innovative Lehre in den Fokus genommen. Im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung stehen die Hochschullehrenden. Zentrale Fragen, denen dabei nachgegangen wird, lauten: Wie können Lehrende im digitalen Zeitalter ihre Lehre innovativ gestalten? Welche Rahmenbedingungen und Anreizsysteme in der Lehr- Lernkultur von Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften sind dafür notwendig, um eine in die Breite zielende Teilhabe an digitalen Lehr-Lernformaten zu erreichen? In einem exemplarischen Überblick bereits realisierter Vorhaben aus dem nationalen Hochschulraum werden Good-Practice-Beispiele, deren Wirksamkeit teilweise dokumentiert ist, skizziert. Die aus dieser Übersicht abgeleiteten Maßnahmen können im weiteren Prozess der Erschließung digitaler Chancen für die Lehre an der Hochschule Osnabrück zur Orientierung dienen.
In der Schriftenreihe „Voneinander Lehren lernen“, die vom LearningCenter der Hochschule Osnabrück herausgegeben wird, werden anwendungsbezogene Beiträge zur Qualitätsentwicklung in Studium und Lehre publiziert.
Die Schriftenreihe ist an das hochschuldidaktische Konzept des „Scholarship of Teaching and Learning“ angelehnt. Demnach soll sie insbesondere den Fachlehrenden aller Studiengänge als Plattform dienen, um ihre eigenen Erfahrungen, Ideen und Konzepte zur Lehr- und Studiengangentwicklung systematisch zu reflektieren und entsprechende Erkenntnisse für andere nutzbar zu machen. Ziel ist es, den Diskurs über hochschuldidaktische Themen in die Fächer zu tragen und so nachhaltig zu einer hohen Qualität der Lehr-Lernprozesse in den Studiengängen beizutragen. Ergänzt werden die Texte der Fachlehrenden um Beiträge von Mitarbeiter*innen der im Bereich Studium und Lehre tätigen Organisationseinheiten.
Die Schriftenreihe ist eng an das Lehrkolleg der Hochschule Osnabrück gekoppelt. Dabei handelt es sich um ein Angebotsformat des LearningCenters, in dem Professor*innen und Lehrkräfte für besondere Aufgaben die Möglichkeit haben, unter hochschuldidaktischer Begleitung innovative Lehrentwicklungsprojekte in ihren eigenen Lehrveranstaltungen und Modulen umzusetzen. Der erste Band der Schriftenreihe enthält Beiträge von Teilnehmer*innen des Lehrkollegs 2018, in dem verschiedene Entwicklungsprojekte zur Förderung von Kompetenzen für selbstreguliertes Lernen durchgeführt wurden.
Im Rahmen der zweiten Aktualisierung des Expertenstandards fand von Juni bis Dezember 2017 ein Praxisprojekt zur Arbeit mit dem aktualisierten Expertenstandard sowie zur Anwendung eines Indikatorensets zum Expertenstandard statt. Die Ergebnisse wurden im Rahmen des 20. Netzwerk-Workshops am 02. März 2018 in Berlin vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Rationale:
Dance as an intense kind of performance is associated with high loads on the musculoskeletal system. In particular, the lower limb is exposed to these high loads, which is reported by a high prevalence. Most dancers are affected by injuries during their careers, most in the lower limb. Typical risk factors for dancers include the compensatory turnout, hypermobility, and core stability. The correlation between these factors and lower limb injuries is not fully understood.
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between lower limb injuries and the risk factors compensated turnout, hypermobility and core stability. Based on these results, hypotheses can be generated for further studies.
Methods:
This explorative pilot study was conducted at Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences. All eligible participants were scheduled for a single research appointment if they fulfilled the inclusion criteria of dance experience (ballet, modern, contemporary or jazz) at least one year with dance lessons of at least 5 hours per week. Parameters for the correlation analysis were (1) core stability, measured by the motor control tests battery proposed by Luomajoki, (2) hypermobility, measured by the Beighton Score (3) compensated turnout, measured by the difference between functional turnout and external rotation of both hips, (4) dance hours per week, (5) dance experience in years, (6) professional dance experience in years and (7) dance style (ballet, modern, contemporary, jazz). These parameters were correlated with the numbers of lower limb injuries. Significance level was set at 90% because of the explorative character of the study with the purpose to generate hypotheses.
Results:
Sixteen female dancers with different levels of dance experience (mean 11.3 years) and dance lessons per week (mean 17.6 hours) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and participated in this study. Significant correlations with the numbers of lower limb injuries were found at core stability (rs=0.489, p=0.034, medium effect), dance hours per week (rs=0.459, p=0.048, medium effect) and professional dance experience in years (rs=0.396, p=0.093, medium effect). Two dance styles (modern dance: rs=0.388, p=0.101 and contemporary dance: rs=0.385, p=0.104) were close to the significance level.
Conclusions:
These results show correlations between core stability, dance hours per week, professional dance experience in years and lower limb injuries in dancers.
Due to the limitations of a small and heterogeneous sample size as well as the medium effects, these results should be interpreted with caution, but may provide a basis for further research to this topic in the field of dance research and can be helpful in generating research hypotheses.
Rationale: Three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis has proved helpful in the diagnosis of different musculoskeletal syndromes and identifying injurious movement patterns in high string players. Furthermore, an optoelectronic 3D motion capture system allows an accurate and objective assessment of upper body posture and motion during violin and viola performance. However, no reference upper body model of high string players has been proposed as yet. Moreover, a more physiological shoulder model that separates the joints of the shoulder complex has not been reported. Especially in view of given the role of the scapula in the normal movement of the humerus, it cannot be disregarded when evaluating musculoskeletal strain in the shoulder.
The International Society of Biomechanics recommends definitions of joint coordinate systems for the report of upper body joint motion using anatomical landmarks as reference for the placement of surface markers. Using markers on the skin for some of the proposed locations is, however, inappropriate when an instrument is being played. There are skin movement artifacts, e. g. caused by the movement of the scapula underneath the skin, whereas some markers interfere with the instrument on the shoulder or might be occluded by the bowing arm in motion.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a marker-based method for quantifying 3D upper body kinematics of high string players and to demonstrate its clinical feasibility in violin and viola performance. The method is intended to provide an objective evaluation of high string players’ motor strategies, especially in the shoulder complex, while minimizing skin movement artifacts, marker occlusions and limitations in instrument placement.
Methods: A custom marker set was developed consisting of thirty-one single markers to define the anatomical coordinate systems of sixteen upper body segments including the pelvis, thorax, spine and head, as well as both scapulae, upper arms, forearms and hands. Twenty-one of these markers as well as two pre-built and four custom-made rigid marker clusters were used for tracking the segment motions.
Twelve professional violinists without history of musculoskeletal or neurological problems were recruited for assessing the clinical feasibility of the method. They were asked to perform a single sequence of two consecutive musical notes on each of two adjacent strings (G- and D-string) in real time, played at 50 bpm with tempo audibly regulated by a metronome, and using a standardized violin and bow. The participants played up- and down-bow alternately using the whole length of the bow.
A custom biomechanical model was applied to the motion capture data and the rotation angles of fifteen joints were calculated. The location of each glenohumeral joint rotation center was computed by upper arm movements with respect to the scapula based on a functional method. For a description of the motion patterns, minimum, maximum and range of angular motion were averaged across participants for each string and rotation. Inter-subject variability was assessed by calculating the standard deviation (SD) at each sample of the angle-time series between participants for each rotation and for both strings. Then SD was averaged over sequences for each rotation and string. For comparing mean rotation angles between strings over time, random effect models were used.
Results: The highest range of motion was observed in the right elbow flexion and right wrist flexion/extension. Also, high ranges of motion (> 10°) were found in all right glenohumeral rotations and right wrist deviation and pronation/supination. In conclusion, lumbar and thoracic spine, thorax, neck, and left upper limb were quite static, while large motion occurred in the right upper limb during up and down bowing.
Most rotation angles showed a reasonable inter-subject variability except for left and right glenohumeral plane of elevation as well as left glenohumeral internal/external rotation, and left and right wrist pronation/supination (> 10°).
Significant differences in the rotation angles between G- and D-string bowing were detected especially in the left wrist and right shoulder joints.
Conclusions: This is the first study that used quantitative 3D analysis to explore the upper body kinematics of high string players during performance, providing a detailed view of the motor control in the shoulder as well as in the lumbar and thoracic spine. The biggest advantage over previously published methods is the more physiological shoulder and spine models while providing a simple application.
The method was found to give consistent motion patterns across participants and to be sensitive to differences between adjacent strings. Although the method appears to be valid, more rigorous validation is necessary. Since there is no gold standard with which we could compare results, we were only able to assess the clinical feasibility. We believe that our method represents a good compromise between accuracy and practicability for clinical application.
Due to the inclusion of multi-segmented shoulder and spine models, it will improve understanding of the motor strategies adopted by high string players and may contribute to injury prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Die Entscheidungen des BVerfG zur Verfassungswidrigkeit des Wahlrechtsausschlusses vollbetreuter Personen begründen Zweifel, ob der Ausschluss von unter 18-Jährigen bei Wahlen verfassungsrechtlich zu halten ist. Dieser Beitrag kommt für die Europawahlen zu dem Ergebnis, dass ein verfassungswidriger Wahlrechtsausschluss vorliegt.
Die ambulante Wochenbettbetreuung. Eine qualitative Studie zum Professionellen Handeln von Hebammen
(2018)
Die aufsuchende Versorgung in der Zeit nach der Geburt eines Kindes ist eine wichtige gesundheitliche Dienstleistung in einer Übergangsphase im Leben von jungen Familien. Im Mittel-punkt der vorliegenden Arbeit steht das professionelle Handeln der in der ambulanten Wochen-bettbetreuung tätigen Hebammen. Aus der Perspektive der Hebammen konnten Handlungsansätze und Entscheidungsmaxime vor dem Hintergrund veränderter Anforderungen in der Berufspraxis dargestellt werden. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, einen theoretischen Beitrag für die professionelle Gestaltung der Wochenbettbetreuung zu geben und die Bedeutung dieses komplexen Handlungsfeldes herauszustellen.
Datengrundlage dieser qualitativen Studie sind offene Leitfadeninterviews mit 28 Hebammen, die über mindestens zwei Jahre Berufserfahrung verfügten und in unterschiedlichen Betreuungssettings sowie zu unterschiedlichen strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen arbeiteten. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte in zwei Erhebungsrunden von April 2013 bis Januar 2015. Die Daten wurden inhaltsanalytisch und rekonstruktiv hermeneutisch analysiert.
Es zeigt sich ein Zusammenspiel von handlungsleitenden Sichtweisen, Handlungsgrundlagen und professionellen Handlungsdeterminanten. Neben konkreten Betreuungskonzepten konnten mit den vorliegenden Ergebnissen verschiedene Handlungsdeterminanten, wie die gesundheitliche Versorgung von Mutter und Kind, die Beziehungsgestaltung zwischen Frau und Hebamme, der Einbezug familialer Unterstützungsleistungen und verschiedene strukturelle Handlungsdeterminanten analysiert werden. Grundelemente der Hebammenarbeit sind die Begleitung und Beobachtung physiologischer mütterlicher Umstellungs- sowie kindlicher Entwicklungsprozesse, aus denen sich sowohl diagnostische, pflegerisch-therapeutische, praktisch-anleitende und beratende Handlungsformen als auch Handlungsformen mit psychosozialer Ausrichtung ableiten. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf ein heterogenes Praxisfeld, welches einer breiten Expertise der Hebammen bedarf. Die professionelle Gestaltung Hebammenkundlicher Handlungsprozesse sollte im Sinne einer Praxis erfolgen, die Wissen, Können und Reflexion bewusst verbindet und die Autonomie der Lebenspraxis der Frauen und Familien respektiert. Ein genau definierter Versorgungsauftrag sowie evidenzbasierte Leitlinien und Expertenstandards könnten die Hebammen unterstützen, ihre Ressourcen entsprechend einer bestmöglichen postnatalen Versorgung von Frauen und ihren Familien zu nutzen.
Für etwa 13% der Familien mit Säuglingen in Deutschland besteht Unterstützungsbedarf im Rahmen Früher Hilfen. Frühe Hilfen streben an, die Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten von Eltern und ihren Kindern frühzeitig und nachhaltig zu verbessern. Ein zentrales Ziel der Frühen Hilfen, die Kooperation der Berufsgruppen des Sozial- und Gesundheitswesens, ist eine Herausforderung. Zu den Kooperationspartnerinnen/-partnern der Netzwerke gehören freiberufliche Hebammen, deren Perspektive in diesem Kontext jedoch kaum erforscht ist.
Ziel der Studie ist es, die Sichtweisen und Erfahrungen freiberuflicher Hebammen im Rahmen der interprofessionellen Kooperation im Kontext Früher Hilfen zu untersuchen. Der Fokus liegt dabei insbesondere auf der Kooperation der Hebammen mit den Akteurinnen/Akteuren des Sozialwesens.
27 problemzentrierte Interviews mit freiberuflichen Hebammen in 13 deutschen Bundesländern bilden die Basis der qualitativen Untersuchung. Im Vorfeld wurde eine Gruppendiskussion durchgeführt, um die Erhebungsinstrumente für die Haupterhebungsphase daraus abzuleiten. Durch diese Vorgehensweise wurden theoretische Vorüberlegungen gestützt sowie die Authentizität des Forschungsvorhabens gesichert. Der Feldzugang erfolgte über lokale E-Mail-Verteiler, Anzeigen in Hebammenzeitschriften, Besuche von Kongressen sowie durch Unterstützung von Multiplikatorinnen/Multiplikatoren. Die Interviews wurden mittels Leitfaden geführt, digital aufgezeichnet und transkribiert. Die Auswertung erfolgte über die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz. Das Vorhaben wurde durch die Ethik-Kommission der Universität Witten/Herdecke bewilligt.
Freiberufliche Hebammen kooperieren häufiger mit Berufsgruppen des Gesundheitswesens als mit jenen des Sozialwesens. Bei der Betreuung von Frauen, Kindern und Familien mit einem besonderen Unterstützungsbedarf spielen informelle Kontakte innerhalb des Gesundheitswesens für freiberufliche Hebammen eine zentrale Rolle.
Kontinuierliche Kontakte, gegenseitiges Interesse und eine Kommunikation, die durch Respekt und klare Absprachen gekennzeichnet ist, tragen zu einer gelingenden Kooperation mit den Akteurinnen/Akteuren in den Frühen Hilfen bei. Fehlendes Wissen der Hebammen über die Strukturen und Angebote Früher Hilfen und die unterschiedliche berufliche Sozialisation der Berufsgruppen des Gesundheits- und Sozialwesens stellen zentrale Herausforderungen für die Zusammenarbeit dar.
Am Übergang von der Hebammen- zur Familienhebammenversorgung sowie zu Angeboten der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe ist die Vertrauensbeziehung zwischen Klientinnen und freiberuflichen Hebammen ein wichtiger Faktor, um Familien mit einem besonderen Unterstützungsbedarf zur Annahme dieser Angebote zu motivieren.
Damit freiberufliche Hebammen ihr gesundheitsförderndes Potential in den Frühen Hilfen entfalten können, bedarf es einer systematischen Einbeziehung dieser Akteurinnen in die Netzwerke der Frühen Hilfen. Zur Stärkung dieses Prozesses sind auch gesundheitspolitische Entscheidungen notwendig. Das Thema Kooperation sollte in der Aus- und Weiterbildung und im Studium von Hebammen berücksichtigt werden.
Hintergrund
Gegenwärtig besteht ein Mangel in der Versorgung von Menschen, die eine Sepsis überlebt haben. Eine Ursache ist möglicherweise, dass kaum Informationen zum nachstationären Verlauf von Überlebenden existieren.
Zielstellung
Identifizierung und Bewertung bisheriger Forschungserkenntnisse zum nachstationären Verlauf überlebter Sepsis.
Material und Methode
Systematische Literaturstudie in Form eines Scoping Reviews. Aufgrund einer gesundheitswissenschaftlichen Perspektive wurden die Datenbanken PubMed, Cochrane, Cinahl und Gesis Sowiport genutzt. Eingeschlossene Publikationen wurden mit dem Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) bewertet.
Ergebnisse
Es wurden 53 Studien identifiziert, die Aussagen zum nachstationären Verlauf bei überlebter Sepsis treffen. Überlebende leiden häufig unter chronischen Erkrankungen wie Polyneuropathien und erleiden eine Verringerung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität im Vergleich zum Zeitpunkt vor der Erkrankung. Die Mortalität ein Jahr nach Entlassung beträgt schätzungsweise bis zu 43 %. Ein wichtiger sozialer Aspekt im nachstationären Verlauf ist, dass Überlebende oftmals Hilfe in der Bewältigung ihres Alltags benötigen und auf die Unterstützung von Familienmitgliedern angewiesen sind. Dabei können Angehörige im Zuge der Sepsis selbst Erkrankungen wie Depressionen erleiden, was die Rehabilitation des Überlebenden stark belastet. Wie Betroffene und Angehörige derartige Krisen bewältigen, ist derzeit unerforscht.
Schlussfolgerung
Die 53 identifizierten Studien zum Thema nachstationärer Verlauf bei überlebter Sepsis bilden ein breites Spektrum an gesundheitlich relevanten Themen ab. Neben der Erforschung körperlicher und psychischer Auswirkungen sollten zukünftige Arbeiten bewältigungsorientierte Fragestellungen verfolgen.
Talent scarcity in many parts of the world leads to the necessity to enlarge talent pools in order to provide enough future holders of key positions. Taking the scholarly discussion at the overlap of talent management and current careers literature as a starting point our qualitative empirical research provides insights in talent’s career decisions in an eastern emerging market, India, and a western developed country, Germany. 49 interviews with internationally experienced knowledge-workers were held to find out how to they come to career decisions throughout their career. Special focus was the balancing act of professional and private life sphere. An inductive-deductive approach was used to develop categories in MaxQda. Results show the impact of institutional frame, cultural context, and gender differences. Consequently, a stronger focus on talent’s different life phases with context specific deviations when configuring Talent Management in Multinational Enterprises can be advised.
Purpose
Attracting skilled students is an important aim of many cities in a knowledge-based society. This paper focuses on urban factors of attractiveness from a student's perspective and analyses their influence on locational choices of students. The criteria found were also used to evaluate how the City of Osnabrück, Germany, is rated in terms of these criteria and to reveal the greatest discrepancies.
Design / Methodology / Approach
The paper is based on a multi-level empirical research concept, including qualitative and quantitative approaches. A survey of 2,300 students was conducted in Osnabrück on the basis of focus group discussions with students and interviews with various experts such as a neighbourhood manager, an urban planner, a district mayor, a college president, a real estate manager.
Originality/value
To date, little research has been undertaken to empirically examine the specific requirements that German students look for in a place to live and study. According to the author’s present state of knowledge (January 2018), a comparable study has not been done.
The main contribution of this paper is the empirical analysis of what makes cities attractive to students. In contrast to the findings of Richard Florida about the Creative Class, the cleanliness of a city, beautiful city scenery, and attractive apartments are more important to students than cultural offers, interesting job opportunities, or a multicultural population.
Practical Implications
Insights from the empirical survey can both help to analyse important factors in students' decision-making process and provide possible measures that the city stakeholders can take.
Keywords
1. Knowledge-based urban development
2. Mobility decisions by students and skilled professionals
3. Location factors
4. Place branding
Proposed paper: Academic Research Paper
Background: IT is getting an increasing importance in hospitals. In this
context, major IT decisions are often made by CEOs who are not necessarily IT
experts. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed at a) exploring different types of IT
decision makers at CEO level, b) identifying hypotheses if trust exists between these
different types of CEOs and their CIOs and c) building hypotheses on potential
consequences regarding risk taking and innovation. Methods: To this end, 14
qualitative interviews with German hospital CEOs were conducted to explore the
research questions. Results: The study revealed three major types: IT savvy CEOs,
IT enthusiastic CEOs and IT indifferent CEOs. Depending on these types, their
relationship with the CIO varied in terms of trust and common language. In case of
IT indifferent CEOs, a potential vicious circle of lack of IT knowledge, missing trust,
low willingness to take risks and low innovation power could be identified.
Conclusion: In order to break of this circle, CEOs seem to need more IT knowledge
and / or greater trust in their CIO.
Teachers in health informatics have a broad variety of international and national educational recommendations to rely on when designing programmes, curricula, courses and educational material. However, in addition they often need very specific information for their setting, blue-prints, hands-on experience and encouragement to try something new. This workshop presents three case studies from European universities who have implemented inter-professional, technology enabled health informatics courses in undergraduate, postgraduate and open university settings. These approaches will be put into the context of the TIGER recommendation framework that includes priority ratings of health informatics competencies and case studies to illustrate them. The workshop attendees will have ample opportunity to exchange ideas with the presenters and start a mutual learning process for health informatics teachers.
The demographic shift in the age structure has the effects that many ageing employees work in organisations. Migration can slow down the ageing of population but could not stop it. More and more people with immigration background work in organisations. Therefore, the question is, whether diversity sensitive attitudes count for all diversity aspects. The central aim of the study is to deal with the problem fields of multicultural teamwork. Thereby, the focus is on the collaboration of employees with and without immigration background. The interviews with employees with and without an immigra-tion background of various company branches were conducted. The results show that employees with an immigration background have more contact and feel comfortable with persons from different cultures than employees without an immigration back-ground. The qualitative analysis indicates that there is a high need of competence devel-opment, especially intercultural and social competences in organisations. The results of the study reveal that personality traits and characteristics of employees play a role to what extent they accept diversity and are willing to work with persons from another culture. Age is not important regarding intercultural competence development.