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Zulassung zum Studium
(2016)
Wie sieht die Essensversorgung von Senioren in der Zukunft aus? : Zukunftsstudie Menüservice 2025
(2016)
Wasser- und Ufervegetation
(2016)
Das Forschungsprojekt „Urbane Interventionen“ war ein Pilotprojekt im Rahmen der Nationalen Stadtentwicklungspolitik und zielte darauf ab, Impulse für eine bürgergetragene Stadtentwicklung in den Stadtteilen Haste, Dodesheide und Wüste zu setzen. Dabei wurden die StadtteilbewohnerInnen aktiv in den Prozess involviert und bekamen Möglichkeitsräume angeboten, im eigenen Umfeld aktiv zu werden. Das interdisziplinäre Projektteam der Hochschule Osnabrück arbeitete mit der Stadt Osnabrück sowie lokalen Vereinen und Organisationen zusammen.
Den Auftakt bildeten die Stadtteilwerkstätten in den Stadtteilen Haste und Wüste. Während dieser wurde für je eine Woche ein Begegnungs- und Handlungsort geschaffen. Die Stadtteilwerkstatt gab bestehenden Initiativen und Vereinen sowie interessierten StadtteilbewohnerInnen Raum und Gelegenheit, Ideen für die lebenswerte Gestaltung ihres Umfelds einzureichen. Die Vorschläge wurden öffentlich vorgestellt und gemeinsam diskutiert, um solche Ideen auszuloten, die im nächsten Jahr umgesetzt werden sollten. Dazu war es auch wichtig, engagierte Menschen zu finden, die bereit waren sich an der Umsetzung zu beteiligen.
Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung informiert über die Ziele und die Vorgehensweise des Hochschulprojekts „Urbane Interventionen“ und dokumentiert die Ideen und Ergebnisse der Stadtteilwerkstätten.
Functional foods are still of increasing interest among the scientific community. Based on the extensive literature about functional foods, four main research areas can be identified: functional food innovation (1); the scientific background of the health benefits of functional foods (2); the regulation of functional foods (3); and consumer acceptance of functional foods (4). These research areas are not detached from each other, and each presents a consumer perspective. Although multifaceted studies focus on consumer acceptance of functional foods, literature regarding a structured framework of the determinants of functional food acceptance is limited. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with an overview of the recent literature on consumer attitudes towards functional foods and with an extensive structured framework of the determinants of functional food acceptance and their intertwined relationships. The scientific literature discusses a plethora of determinants of consumer acceptance of functional foods. These determinants can be categorized into consumer and market attributes, which show interwoven relationships with each other. On the one hand, consumer attributes are widely discussed in the literature, while on the other hand structured analyses of the market perspective are inadequately represented. Additionally, the ongoing development of new scientific findings regarding health benefits of different functional ingredients leads to a large amount of new functional food products in the market. Consequently, the research area of functional foods and in particular consumer acceptance of functional food innovation will remain an important research field in the coming years.
Evaporation from growing media significantly contributes to increasing the humidity in greenhouses. The effects of a pine bark mulch cover on substrate evaporation was evaluated with different pot experiments. The obtained data have been tested within the water balance model HYDRUS-1D, which was originally developed for mineral soils. Objective of this study was to test the performance of HYDRUS-1D to describe evaporation in plant containers and to evaluate the effect of pine bark as cover layer or layers within growing media. Application of pine bark in combination with peat substrate reduced evaporation up to 50% depending on position, thickness of mulch layer and water content of the substrate. The highest reduction in evaporation was measured in a dry substrate which is covered with 4 cm pine bark. The HYDRUS-1D model describes evaporation from growing media in combination with layers of pine bark correctly as long as hysteresis of the water retention curve and vapor flow is considered in the model.
Restoring depleted soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of arable land to remove carbon from the atmosphere and offset fossil fuel emissions is a promising strategy for the mitigation of climate change. In agroecosystems conservational tillage practices and the abandonment of formerly plowed fields (ex-arable land) are shown to have the highest potential to sequester SOC. Nevertheless reported sequestration rates vary and the effects of environmental site conditions remain poorly understood. Our results are based on a meta-analysis of 273 paired SOC estimates from 65 publications which included only mineral soils from the temperate zone. SOC stocks of ex-arable grasslands with an average of 14 years since abandonment were 18% larger compared to the SOC of arable land. Likewise, SOC stocks of never-plowed grassland plots were 11% larger than the SOC stocks of abandoned fields. The average sequestration rate was 0.72 t C ha− 1 yr− 1. Semi-arid and sub-humid climate as well as low initial SOC stocks positively affected proportional SOC gains suggesting that the recovery of carbon stocks is not limited by low primary production. Therefore, the northward shift of cultivation areas in the temperate zone will lead to the abandonment of soils with high SOC recovery potential. However, if native soils are opened up elsewhere to compensate for yield losses due to abandonment the surplus of SOC in ex-arable land can easily be overcompensated by cultivation losses.
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 around 45 million hectares
of arable land became abandoned across Russia. Our study focused on the recovery
potential and conservation value of grassland vegetation on ex-arable land in the Tyumen
region of the Western Siberian grain belt. We compared ex-arable grasslands of different
successional stages with ancient grasslands as reference for the final stage of succession
along a climatic gradient from the pre-taiga to the forest steppe zone. Plant community
composition and species richness of ex-arable land clearly developed towards reference
sites over time, but even after 24 years of abandonment, the grassland vegetation had not
totally recovered. The c-diversity of vascular plants was slightly higher on ex-arable land
than in ancient grasslands but the mean a-diversity was still moderately lower. A significant proportion of the vegetation of ex-arable land still consisted of ruderal and mesic
grassland species and the number and cover of meadow-steppe species was significantly
lower than in ancient grasslands. Grazing and time since abandonment positively affected
the reestablishment of target grassland species, whereas it was negatively affected by the
cover of grasses. In contrast to ex-arable land, the conservation value of arable land is only
modest. Therefore, future intensification of land use is most likely less harmful if directed
to existing arable land. Re-cultivation of ex-arable land and grassland improvement operations such as seeding of competitive grass species are major threats for the biodiversity of secondary grasslands on ex-arable land in the forest steppe zone of Western Siberia.
Osnabrück’s so called “Green Fingers” – eleven landscape corridors reaching from the inner city into the region – structure the regional metropolis’ urban pattern. They supply the city centre with fresh air, serve as recreational destinations for the city’s inhabitants and provide space for close to the city agriculture and forestry. First defined in 1926, the Green Fingers have since been part of various planning documents and programs. However, these open spaces have been diminished bit by bit over time. The city’s growing need for land to build on had its impact just like the development of major traffic routes. On the one hand a lively debate has emerged: the Green Finger’s qualities, their ecological, aesthetical and cultural significance become increasingly important. Yet on the other hand decision makers still tend to put greenfield building activity first. A lot of efforts in striving for inner development are undermined by the ever growing demand for space. The urban sprawl continues, although various kinds of sanctuaries have been added to the urban and landscape planners’ equipment. The growing urban framework with its semidetached and single family houses does not come to a halt.
Kontaminierte Standorte sind seit Jahrzehnten ein wichtiges Betätigungsfeld der Umweltingenieure. Uns allen ist klar, sie werden es noch für lange Zeit bleiben. Regelmäßig wird daher in einschlägigen Fachzeitschriften und auf Fachtagungen zu speziellen Problemen mit kontaminierten Standorten berichtet.
Bei der Vorbereitung des Forums Boden - Gewässer - Altlasten 2016 war der Themenschwerpunkt „Kontaminierte Standorte“ daher schnell gesetzt. Das liegt natürlich auch daran, dass viele Studierende des gemeinsamen Master-Studienganges „Boden -Gewässer - Altlasten“ der Hochschule Osnabrück und der Universität Osnabrück bei Projektarbeiten, in ihrem Ingenieurpraktikum oder bei der Abschlussarbeit mit dieser Thematik befasst sind. Nur, wo sollte der spezielle Themenrahmen liegen? Wir entschieden uns, die Schnittstellen zwischen den Akteuren der Planung in den Planungsbüros, den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern, die sich mit den Genehmigungen in den Behörden beschäftigen, und den Ausführenden in den Baufirmen intensiver zu beleuchten.
Schließlich sind Maßnahmen auf kontaminierten Standorten für alle Beteiligten eine besondere Herausforderung und erzeugen auch eine hohe Wechselwirkung untereinander. So schützen auch intensive Erkundungen nicht vor Überraschungen, die wiederum Planungsänderungen hervorrufen. Wie reagieren die genehmigenden Behörden, und wie flexibel die Bauausführenden? Und das alles, wie so oft, unter immensem Zeitdruck. So soll durch die Darstellung der verschiedenen Blickwinkel auch ein gegenseitiges Verständnis für die teilhabenden Akteure gefördert werden.
Wir freuen uns, dass das Forum mit über 160 Teilnehmern auf reges Interesse gestoßen ist. Die Abschlussdiskussion zeigte nochmals deutlich, dass das Thema des Umgangs mit belasteten Böden in Planungs- und Genehmigungsprozessen sowie im Baubetrieb von großer Bedeutung ist. Erfreulich war der Hinweis der Vortragenden, dass der Arbeitsmarkt hinsichtlich der Fachkräfte, die sich mit Bodenbewertung und Bodensanierung beschäftigen, derzeit sehr vielversprechend aussieht. Das bedeutet für die Studierenden eine hervorragende berufliche Perspektive.
Konstruktivistische Didaktik
(2016)
Longitudinal analysis investigates period (P), often as years. Additional scales of time are age (A) and birth cohort (C) Aim of our study was to use ecological APC analysis for women breast cancer incidence and mortality in Germany. Nation-wide new cases and deaths were obtained from Robert Koch Institute and female population from federal statistics, 1999–2008. Data was stratified into ten 5-years age-groups starting 20–24 years, ten birth cohorts starting 1939–43, and two calendar periods 1999–2003 and 2004–2008. Annual incidence and mortality were calculated: cases to 100,000 women per year. Data was analyzed using glm and apc packages of R. Breast cancer incidence and mortality increased with age. Secular rise in breast cancer incidence and decline in mortality was observed for period1999-2008. Breast cancer incidence and mortality declined with cohorts; cohorts 1950s showed highest incidence and mortality. Age-cohort best explained incidence and mortality followed by age-period-cohort with overall declining trends. Declining age-cohort mortality could be probable. Declining age-cohort incidence would require future biological explanations or rendered statistical artefact. Cohorts 1949–1958 could be unique in having highest incidence and mortality in recent time or future period associations could emerge relatively stronger to cohort to provide additional explanation of temporal change over cohorts.
Hochschulzugangsberechtigung
(2016)