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Der Markt
(2010)
Hintergrund
Achillodynie wird häufig als Zeichen einer Überlastung der Achillessehne gesehen. Eine neurogene Komponente dieses Krankheitsbilds wird ebenfalls in Betracht gezogen. Bislang wurde dieser Zusammenhang nicht untersucht.
Ziel
Das Ziel dieser Studie bestand darin, das Bewegungsverhalten des N. suralis bei Bewegungen von Sprung-, Knie- und Hüftgelenk zu untersuchen. Besonderes Interesse galt dem physiologischen Zustand sowie pathologischen Aspekten bei Achillodynie.
Methode
In dieser Querschnittstudie ohne Verblindung wurden 29 Suralnerven von 15 gesunden Probanden (Gruppe A) und 6 Suralnerven von 3 Probanden mit Schmerzen oder Missempfinden der Achillessehne oder des lateralen Fußrands (Gruppe B) mittels diagnostischem Ultraschall untersucht.
Ergebnisse
Der N. suralis wies eine durchschnittliche Größe von 3,7 mm2 (± 0,05 mm2) bei Gruppe A und 4,1 mm2 (± 0,1 mm2) bei Gruppe B auf. Die laterale (Mlat) und anterior-posteriore (Map) Bewegung des N. suralis war bei Gruppe A beim Bewegungsweg von Dorsalextension zu Plantarflexion mit 3,89 mm in lateraler und 0,56 mm in anterior-posteriorer Richtung signifikant größer als bei Knieflexion und -extension (Mlat: p = 0,008; Map: p = 0,0115) sowie Hüftabduktion und -adduktion (Mlat: p = 0,0025; Map: p = 0,002). Innerhalb dieser Studie konnten signifikante Unterschiede zwischen beiden Gruppen bezüglich des Bewegungsverhaltens und der Größe des Nervs nicht nachgewiesen werden.
Schlussfolgerung
Der N. suralis weist bei Fußbewegung ein signifikant größeres Bewegungsausmaß in transversaler Richtung auf als bei Knieflexion und -extension sowie Hüftgelenkabduktion und -adduktion.
Der Schutz personenbezogener
(2016)
Estudo qualitativo que partiu da questão: como vêm sendo construídas as teorias e modelos de cuidado de enfermagem, focalizando o processo de construção da teoria substantiva, referente à Tese que teve como objetivos compreender o significado do ambiente de cuidados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e construir um modelo teórico sobre ele. O método utilizado foi a Grounded Theory. Realizaram-se 39 entrevistas com 47 sujeitos diferenciados de três Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Adulto, em Florianópolis/SC, Santa Maria/RS e Pelotas/RS, entre junho de 2009 a setembro de 2010. A teoria "Sustentando a vida no ambiente complexo de cuidados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva" foi delimitada por oito categorias. Conclui-se que sustentar a vida no ambiente de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva significa investir intensivamente no cuidado de pacientes instáveis, com auxílio de tecnologias diferenciadas e profissionais capacitados, trabalhando em equipe, onde se convive com estresse/conflitos e dificuldades para lidar com a morte.
Detection and resolution of conflicting change operations in version management of process models
(2013)
Version management of process models requires that different versions of process models are integrated by applying change operations. Conflict detection between individually applied change operations and conflict resolution support are integral parts of version management. For conflict detection it is utterly important to compute a precise set of conflicts, since the minimization of the number of detected conflicts also reduces the overhead for merging different process model versions. As not every syntactic conflict leads to a conflict when taking into account model semantics, a computation of conflicts solely on the syntax leads to an unnecessary high number of conflicts. Moreover, even the set of precisely computed conflicts can be extensive and their resolution means a significant workload for a user. As a consequence, adequate support is required that guides a user through the resolution process and suggests possible resolution strategies for individual conflicts. In this paper, we introduce the notion of syntactic and semantic conflicts for change operations of process models. We provide a method how to efficiently compute conflicts precisely, using a term formalization of process models and consider the subsequent resolution of the detected conflicts based on different strategies. Using this approach, we can significantly reduce the number of overall conflicts and reduce the amount of work for the user when resolving conflicts.
In mehreren Studien konnte bislang belegt werden, dass die soziale Kompetenz des Servicepersonals die mit Abstand wichtigste Determinante der Kundenzufriedenheit darstellt. Keine der Studien beschäftigte sich bislang jedoch mit der Bedeutung der sozialen Kompetenz im Discount-Sektor. Es wird angenommen, dass die Zufriedenheit der Kunden in diesem Bereich weniger stark von der sozialen Kompetenz des Servicepersonals als vielmehr von der Produktqualität beeinflusst wird. In einer Befragung von 1067 Passagieren einer Low-Cost-Airline ließ sich dies bestätigen. Für die Zufriedenheit der Kunden ist die Produktqualität etwa 9 Mal wichtiger als die soziale Kompetenz des Servicepersonals. Ähnliche Ergebnisse finden sich im Hinblick auf die Kundenbindung sowie die Bereitschaft der Kunden, das Dienstleistungsunternehmen weiterzuempfehlen. Dabei kommt der Höhe des Flugpreises eine wichtige Funktion zu.
Objectives: This paper addresses recent steps for reforming the eligibility criteria of the German long-term care insurance that have been initiated to overcome shortcomings in the current system.
Methods: Based on findings of a survey of international long-term care systems, assessment tools and the relevant literature on care needs a new tool for determining eligibility in the German long-term care insurance was developed.
Results: The new tool for determining long-term care eligibility broadens the understanding of what ‚dependency on nursing care' implies for the person affected. The assessment results in a degree of dependency from personal help provided by formal or informal caregivers. This degree of dependency can be used for determining eligibility for and the amount of long-term care benefits.
Discussion: The broader understanding of "dependency on nursing care' and the new tool are important steps to adapt the German long-term care insurance to the challenges of the demographic and societal changes in the future
Background: Availability and usage of individual IT applications have been studied intensively in the past years. Recently, IT support of clinical processes is attaining increasing attention. The underlying construct that describes the IT support of clinical workflows is clinical information logistics. This construct needs to be better understood, operationalised and measured.
Objectives: It is therefore the aim of this study to propose and develop a workflow composite score (WCS) for measuring clinical information logistics and to examine its quality based on reliability and validity analyses.
Methods: We largely followed the procedural model of MacKenzie and colleagues (2011) for defining and conceptualising the construct domain, for developing the measurement instrument, assessing the content validity, pretesting the instrument, specifying the model, capturing the data and computing the WCS and testing the reliability and validity.
Results: Clinical information logistics was decomposed into the descriptors data and information, function, integration and distribution, which embraced the framework validated by an analysis of the international literature. This framework was refined selecting representative clinical processes. We chose ward rounds, pre- and post-surgery processes and discharge as sample processes that served as concrete instances for the measurements. They are sufficiently complex, represent core clinical processes and involve different professions, departments and settings. The score was computed on the basis of data from 183 hospitals of different size, ownership, location and teaching status. Testing the reliability and validity yielded encouraging results: the reliability was high with r(split-half) = 0.89, the WCS discriminated between groups; the WCS correlated significantly and moderately with two EHR models and the WCS received good evaluation results by a sample of chief information officers (n = 67). These findings suggest the further utilisation of the WCS.
Conclusion: As the WCS does not assume ideal workflows as a gold standard but measures IT support of clinical workflows according to validated descriptors a high portability of the WCS to other hospitals in other countries is very likely. The WCS will contribute to a better understanding of the construct clinical information logistics.
Background: Continuous improvements of IT-performance in healthcare organisations require actionable performance indicators, regularly conducted, independent measurements and meaningful and scalable reference groups. Existing IT-benchmarking initiatives have focussed on the development of reliable and valid indicators, but less on the questions about how to implement an environment for conducting easily repeatable and scalable IT-benchmarks.
Objectives: This study aims at developing and trialling a procedure that meets the afore-mentioned requirements.
Methods: We chose a well established, regularly conducted (inter-) national IT-survey of healthcare organisations (IT-Report Healthcare) as the environment and offered the participants of the 2011 survey (CIOs of hospitals) to enter a benchmark. The 61 structural and functional performance indicators covered among others the implementation status and integration of IT-systems and functions, global user satisfaction and the resources of the IT-department. Healthcare organisations were grouped by size and ownership. The benchmark results were made available electronically and feedback on the use of these results was requested after several months.
Results: Fifty-ninehospitals participated in the benchmarking. Reference groups consisted of up to 141 members depending on the number of beds (size) and the ownership (public vs. private). A total of 122 charts showing single indicator frequency views were sent to each participant. The evaluation showed that 94.1% of the CIOs who participated in the evaluation considered this benchmarking beneficial and reported that they would enter again. Based on the feedback of the participants we developed two additional views that provide a more consolidated picture.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate that establishing an independent, easily repeatable and scalable IT-benchmarking procedure is possible and was deemed desirable. Based on these encouraging results a new benchmarking round which includes process indicators is currently conducted.
Every modern institution involved in higher education needs a Learning Management System (LMS) to handle learning and teaching processes. It is necessary to offer e.g. electronic lecture materials to the students for download via the internet. In some educational contexts, it is also necessary to offer internet tutorials to be able to give the students more personal support and accompany them through the whole lecture period. Many organisations have introduced commercial LMS and gained the experience that monolithic solutions do not fulfil the dynamic requirements of complex educational institutions and are very cost-intensive. Therefore, many universities face the decision to stick to their commercial LMS or to switch to a potentially more cost-effective and flexible solution, for instance by adopting available Open Source LMS. Since we have made profound experience in developing and operating an Open Source LMS, this contribution enlightens the main characteristics of this alternative. This paper describes a use case dealing with a full product lifecycle (development, deployment, use and evaluation) of an Open Source LMS at the University of Muenster (Germany). It identifies relevant instruments and aspects of system design which software architects in practical application domains should pay attention to.
Background: Clinical information logistics is the backbone of care workflows inside and outside of hospitals. Due to the great potential of health IT to support clinical processes its contribution needs to be regularly monitored and governed. IT benchmarks are a well-known instrument to optimise the availability and use of IT by guiding the decision making process. The aim of this study was to translate IT benchmarking results that were grounded on a hierarchical workflow scoring system into an appropriate visualisation concept.
Methods: To this end, a three-dimensional multi-level model was developed, which allowed the decomposition of the highly aggregated workflow composite score into score views for the individual clinical workflows concerned and for the descriptors of these workflows. Furthermore this multi-level model helped to break down the score views into single and multiple indicator views.
Results: The results could be visualised per hospital in comparison to the results of organisations of similar size and ownership (peer reference groups) and in comparison to different types of innovation adopters. The multi-level model was implemented in a benchmark of 199 hospitals and evaluated by the chief information officers. The evaluation resulted in high ratings for the comprehensibility of the different types of views of the scores and indicators.
Conclusions: The implementation of the multi-level model in a large benchmark of hospitals proved to be feasible and useful in terms of the overall structure and the different indicator views. There seems to be a preference for less complex and familiar views.
Introduction
Tests to evaluate the integrity of the alar ligaments are important clinical tools for manual therapists, but there is limited research regarding their validity.
Method
A single blinded examiner assessed alar ligament integrity using the lateral shear test (LST), rotation stress test (RST) and side-bending stress test (SBST) on a sample of convenience comprising 7 subjects with MRI confirmed alar ligament lesions and 11 healthy people. Alar ligament lesions were identified using both supine and high-field strength upright MRI.
Results
The RST had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 69.2%. The SBST and the LST both showed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 76.9%. In cases where all three tests were positive, the specificity increased to 84.6%.
Discussion
Tests of manual examination of alar ligament integrity have some diagnostic utility; however, these findings require further corroboration in a larger sample.
Hintergrund: In Deutschland entscheiden sich jährlich ca. 1,6% der wer-denden Eltern für eine außerklinische Geburt. Ca. 5% der Frauen hatten einen direkt vorausgegangenen Kaiserschnitt.
Ziel: Diese Studie analysiert den Entscheidungsfindungsprozess der Eltern zur nächsten, außerklinisch angestrebten Geburt.
Methode: Qualitative Interviews mit 10 Paaren, die sich nach einem Kaiser-schnitt für die außerklinische Geburt entschieden. Die Mütter und Väter wurden einzeln befragt. Die inhaltsanalytische Auswertung der 20 Inter-views erfolgte nach Mayring.
Ergebnis: Einige Frauen hatten sich bereits in der ersten Schwangerschaft mit dem außerklinischen Geburtsort auseinandergesetzt, suchten aber wegen Sicherheitsbedenken der Partner oder aus medizinischen Gründen eine Klinik auf. Die dann folgende negative Klinikerfahrung beeinflusste die Entscheidung der Eltern für den außerklinischen Geburtsort beim nächsten Kind. Die Entscheidung wurde mit Hilfe professioneller medizinischer Unter-stützung zwischen den Partnern ausgehandelt. Verwandte, Freunde und Nachbarn werden in einigen Fällen weder involviert noch informiert.
Schlussfolgerung: Empathisches Verhalten der klinischen Fachkräfte hat einen Einfluss auf das Geburtserleben. Hier kann professionelles und selbstreflektierendes Verhalten zum Wohlbefinden der werdenden Eltern beitragen. Das Verschweigen des geplanten Geburtsortes scheint im Zu-sammenhang mit der fehlenden Akzeptanz des außerklinischen Geburts-ortes in der Gesellschaft zu stehen.