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Fütterung von Zuchtstuten
(2022)
Fütterung von Jungpferden
(2022)
Fütterung von Jungpferden
(2023)
Ganzpflanzensilage
(2021)
Neue Futtermittel
(2021)
Fütterung von Zuchtstuten
(2021)
Fütterung von Zuchtstuten
(2023)
Ursachen von Kotwasser
(2021)
The break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991 triggered cropland abandonment on a continental scale, which in turn ledto carbon accumulation on abandoned land across Eurasia. Previous studies have estimated carbon accumulationrates across Russia based on large-scale modelling. Studies that assess carbon sequestration on abandoned land basedon robust field sampling are rare. We investigated soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks using a randomized samplingdesign along a climatic gradient from forest steppe to Sub-Taiga in Western Siberia (Tyumen Province). In total, SOCcontents were sampled on 470 plots across different soil and land-use types. The effect of land use on changes in SOCstock was evaluated, and carbon sequestration rates were calculated for different age stages of abandoned cropland.While land-use type had an effect on carbon accumulation in the topsoil (0–5 cm), no independent land-use effectswere found for deeper SOC stocks. Topsoil carbon stocks of grasslands and forests were significantly higher thanthose of soils managed for crops and under abandoned cropland. SOC increased significantly with time sinceabandonment. The average carbon sequestration rate for soils of abandoned cropland was 0.66 Mg C ha1yr1(1–20 years old, 0–5 cm soil depth), which is at the lower end of published estimates for Russia and Siberia. Therewas a tendency towards SOC saturation on abandoned land as sequestration rates were much higher for recentlyabandoned (1–10 years old, 1.04 Mg C ha1yr1) compared to earlier abandoned crop fields (11–20 years old,0.26 Mg C ha1yr1). Our study confirms the global significance of abandoned cropland in Russia for carbonsequestration. Our findings also suggest that robust regional surveys based on a large number of samples advancemodel-based continent-wide SOC prediction.
Den autochthonen Baumarten geht es unter den klimatischen Veränderungen des Klimawandels so- wohl in der freien Landschaft als auch im urbanen Raum zunehmend schlechter (vgl. fIetz & burger 2021; mlV.nrW 2022). Gleichzeitig können in natürlichen Waldökosystemen Anpassungsdynamiken an diese veränderten klimatischen Bedingungen im Rahmen der Laurophyllisierung beobachtet werden, bei dem sich die mitteleuropäischen sommergrünen Laubwälder in teilweise immergrünen Hartlaubwaldgesell- schaften entwickeln (s. frey et al. 2010: 41). Grund hierfür sind die klimatischen Veränderungen bedingt durch den Klimawandel und Gartentrends (s. berger 2008; deHnen-scHmutz et al. 2006). Der Klimawandel scheint daher günstige Bedingungen für wärmebedürftige und frostempfindliche Immergrüne zu bieten, die an die zu erwartenden Klimaten gut angepasst sind (s. WIttIg 2008: 20). Die Immergrünen, durch die der Prozess der Laurophyllisierung maßgeblich beeinflusst wird, haben ihr natürliches Verbreitungsgebiet überwiegend in der subtropischen vollhumiden Klimazone. Das Klimaxstadium dieser Klimate ist ein im- mergrüner Lorbeerwald, der als Zonobiom V zusammengefasst wird (s. brecKle & rafIqPoor 2019).
Auch in deutschen Städten ist eine solche Anpassung der Stadtbäume an sich ändernde klimatische Bedingungen notwendig. Neben dem Klimawandel spielt im urbanen Raum das Stadtklima eine wich- tige Rolle, welches die Standortbedingungen der Pflanzen zusätzlich beeinflusst und die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels verstärkt (s. HennInger & Weber 2020; WeIscHet & endlIcHer 2018; Kuttler 1998). Die vorlie- gende Arbeit soll daher untersuchen, inwiefern sich die Herkünfte der Arten, die am Prozess der Lauro- phyllisierung beteiligt sind, für die Verwendung im städtischen Raum eignen und somit beantworten, inwiefern die Laurophyllisierung eine Chance für die klimaresiliente Gehölzverwendung in der Stadt dar- stellen kann.
Dafür werden die unterschiedlichen Baumstandorte einer Stadt anhand thermischer und hygrischer Verhältnisse zu schematischen Baumstandorttypen zusammengefasst. Während sich durch die ther- mischen Verhältnisse vor allem zentral und dezentral gelegene Baumstandorttypen differenzieren las- sen, trennen die hygrischen Verhältnisse naturnahe Baumstandorttypen von Baumstandorttypen mit eingeschränktem Wurzelraum. Für diese vier Baumstandorttypen wird dann für vier unterschiedliche Städte Deutschlands das zukünftige Mikroklima mithilfe des RCP8.5 in Form eines Klimadiagramms er- mittelt. Durch die differenzierte Auswahl der Untersuchungsgebiete Hamburg, Düsseldorf, München und Berlin können so Aussagen zu regionalen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels getroffen werden. Zudem dienen die Klimadiagramme der unterschiedlichen Baumstandorttypen als Grundlage für den klimati- schen Vergleich mit den Klimaten der Herkünfte der immergrünen Arten des Zonobiom V. Anhand die- ses Vergleiches können Subzonobiome ausfindig gemacht werden, die mehr oder weniger dem Klima der Baumstandorttypen entsprechen. Eines der Subzonobiome, welches eine gute klimatische Referenz darstellt, wird anschließend im Hinblick auf die prägnantesten immergrünen Arten näher betrachtet. Die Auswahl in dieser Arbeit ist auf das sommerregengeprägte Subzonobiom Ost-Asiens gefallen, aus dem insgesamt 20 immergrüne Laubbaumarten, neun Koniferen und eine Palmenart in Form von Steck- briefen näher beschrieben und auf die Eignung für die Verwendung innerhalb der Mirkoklimate der vier Baumstandorttypen eingeschätzt werden.
Iron deficiency is a global issue and can lead to a variety of clinical pictures. The biofor-tification of vegetables with iron could complement the existing portfolio of iron-rich products, thus improving iron supply in the long term. In order to determine whether the iron-biofortified vegetables could meet this demand and would address appropriate target groups, a quantitative online survey was conducted in Germany. Based on 1000 consumer responses, a cluster analysis was performed. The results showed a four-cluster solution. The first cluster was holistically engaged, the second was fitness-affine but health unconcerned, the third cluster consists frugal eaters with a focus on medical prevention, and the fourth cluster are hedonists. No cluster focused its consumption on iron-enriched products, but instead all developed an individual mix of the three product groups.
Iron deficiency is still widespread as a major health problem even in countries with adequate food supply. It mainly affects women but also vegans, vegetarians, and athletes and can lead to various clinical pictures. Biofortification of vitamin C-rich vegetables with iron may be one new approach to face this nutritional challenge. However, so far, little is known about the consumer acceptance of iron-biofortified vegetables, particularly in developed countries. To address this issue, a quantitative survey of 1000 consumers in Germany was conducted. The results showed that depending on the type of vegetable, between 54% and 79% of the respondents were interested in iron-biofortified vegetables. Regression analysis showed a relationship between product acceptance, gender, and area of residence. In addition, relationships were found between consumer preferences for enjoyment, sustainability, and naturalness. Compared to functional food and dietary supplements, 77% of respondents would prefer fresh iron-rich vegetables to improve their iron intake. For a market launch, those iron-rich vegetables appear especially promising, which can additionally be advertised with claims for being rich in vitamin C and cultivated in an environmentally friendly way. Consumers were willing to pay EUR 0.10 to EUR 0.20 more for the iron-biofortified vegetables.
Perceptions of German consumers regarding methods for fortifying foods with iodine (Abstract)
(2022)
Background:
Etomidate is typically used as an induction agent in cardiac surgery because it has little impact on hemodynamics. It is a known suppressor of adrenocortical function and may increase the risk for post-operative infections, sepsis, and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether etomidate increases the risk of postoperative sepsis (primary outcome) and infections (secondary outcome) compared to propofol.
Methods:
This was a retrospective before–after trial (IRB EA1/143/20) performed at a tertiary medical center in Berlin, Germany, between 10/2012 and 01/2015. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery were investigated within two observation intervals, during which etomidate and propofol were the sole induction agents.
Results:
One-thousand, four-hundred, and sixty-two patients, and 622 matched pairs, after caliper propensity-score matching, were included in the final analysis. Sepsis rates did not differ in the matched cohort (etomidate: 11.5% vs. propofol: 8.2%, p = 0.052). Patients in the etomidate interval were more likely to develop hospital-acquired pneumonia (etomidate: 18.6% vs. propofol: 14.0%, p = 0.031).
Conclusion:
Our study showed that a single-dose of etomidate is not statistically associated with higher postoperative sepsis rates after cardiac surgery, but is associated with a higher incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia. However, there is a notable trend towards a higher sepsis rate.
The benzodiazepine, midazolam, is one of the most frequently used sedatives in intensive care medicine, but it has an unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile when continuously applied. As a consequence, patients are frequently prolonged and more deeply sedated than intended. Due to its distinct pharmacological features, including a cytochrome P450-independent metabolization, intravenous lormetazepam might be clinically advantageous compared to midazolam. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared patients who received either intravenous lormetazepam or midazolam with respect to their survival and sedation characteristics. The cohort included 3314 mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients that received one of the two drugs in a tertiary medical center in Germany between 2006 and 2018. A Cox proportional hazards model with mortality as outcome and APACHE II, age, gender, and admission mode as covariates revealed a hazard ratio of 1.75 [95% CI 1.46–2.09; p < 0.001] for in-hospital mortality associated with the use of midazolam. After additionally adjusting for sedation intensity, the HR became 1.04 [95% CI 0.83–1.31; p = 0.97]. Thus, we concluded that excessive sedation occurs more frequently in critically ill patients treated with midazolam than in patients treated with lormetazepam. These findings require further investigation in prospective trials to assess if lormetazepam, due to its ability to maintain light sedation, might be favorable over other benzodiazepines for sedation in the ICU.
After foundation of the Wadden Sea National Park, grazing and artificial drainage was ceased or reduced on large areas of the salt marshes at the Schleswig-Holstein mainland coast (Northern Germany). The effect of grazing cessation versus intensive and moderate grazing on vegetation diversity was studied on small (plant species richness on plots between 0.01 and 100 m2) and large scale (vegetation type richness per hectare) over 18 to 20 years by analysing data from long-term monitoring programs. Plant species richness and vegetation type richness increased strongly over time in all management regimes, because grazing-sensitive species increased first in ungrazed marshes and later dispersed to and established in intensively grazed marshes. Dominance of the tall, late-successional grass Elymus athericus on 7% to 52% of all moderately and ungrazed (primarily high marsh) plots led to a decrease in species richness. After 18 to 20 years, species richness was highest in moderately and intensively grazed high marshes. Differences were significant only on small plots of up to 4 m2. On the large scale, vegetation type richness in the low marsh was higher without grazing, while no differences were found in the high marsh. Our results indicate that grazing effects differ between spatial scales and that different spatial scales have to be considered for monitoring and evaluation of vegetation diversity in salt marshes. To conserve vegetation diversity on all scales, a large-scale mosaic of different management regimes should be maintained.