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Besides yield reduction weeds have positive effects, like enhancing biodiversity or reducing soil erosion. The aim of the work is to enhance biodiversity without yield losses. In growing season 2021/22 a field experiment with winter triticale was conducted to experience the impact of mechanical weed control, sowing date and sowing rate. Especially hoeing had a positive impact on vegetative growth and grain yield while weed growth was inhibited but weed biodiversity stayed equal or increased. A lower seed rate or an earlier sowing date made in general no difference at flowering or harvesting stage.
Einleitung
Die Prävalenz der über 80-jährigen bei Ulcus cruris venosum (VLU) beträgt 4-5 %, obwohl diese Altersgruppe nur 1 % der Gesamtbevölkerung ausmacht. Zusätzlich wird bei VLU-Patienten häufig eine Mangelernährung beobachtet. Insbesondere geriatrische Patienten leiden darunter. Dabei ist bekannt, dass Mangelernährung Einfluss auf die Wundheilung und somit auf die Lebensqualität der Patienten hat. Diverse Studien beschreiben erste erfolgreiche ernährungstherapeutische Ansätze für einen beschleunigten Wundheilungsprozess. Allerdings ist die Ernährungstherapie bei VLU-Patienten wenig erforscht. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es einen Überblick über den ernährungsphysiologischen Einfluss zur VLU zu schaffen, um mögliche Ernährungsinterventionen für geriatrische Patienten zu erhalten.
Recording of Low-Oxygen Stress Response Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence Kinetics in Apple Fruit
(2023)
Long-term storage of apples (Malus x domestica, Borkh.) is increasingly taking place under Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere (DCA). The oxygen level is lowered to ≤ 1 kPa O2 and the apples are stored just above the Lower Oxygen Limit (LOL). Low oxygen stress during controlled atmosphere storage can lead to fermentation in apples if oxygen levels are too low. Chlorophyll fluorescence can be used to detect low-oxygen stress at an early stage during storage. The currently available non-imaging fluorescence systems often use the minimal fluorescence (Fo) parameter. In contrast, the use of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics is insufficiently described. Therefore, this study aimed to gain more knowledge about the response of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics to low oxygen stress in apples using a fluorescence imaging system. The results show that the kinetic fluorescence curves differ under aerobic and fermentation conditions. The fermentative conditions initiated a decrease in fluorescence intensity upon application of the saturation pulses during exposure to actinic light. This result was made at 18 °C and 2 °C ambient temperatures. Interestingly, the kinetic curve changed at 2 °C before fermentation products accumulated in the apples. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) decreased under fermentation conditions in the dark phase after relaxation. Upon entering the dark relaxation phase after Kautsky induction, ɸPSII began to increase. Under atmospheric oxygen conditions, ɸPSII reached values of 0.81 to 0.76, while under fermentation, ɸPSII values ranged from 0.57 to 0.44.
Hyperhydricity (HH) is one of the most important physiological disorders that negatively affects various plant tissue culture techniques. The objective of this study was to characterize optical features to allow an automated detection of HH. For this purpose, HH was induced in two plant species, apple and Arabidopsis thaliana, and the severity was quantified based on visual scoring and determination of apoplastic liquid volume. The comparison between the HH score and the apoplastic liquid volume revealed a significant correlation, but different response dynamics. Corresponding leaf reflectance spectra were collected and different approaches of spectral analyses were evaluated for their ability to identify HH-specific wavelengths. Statistical analysis of raw spectra showed significantly lower reflection of hyperhydric leaves in the VIS, NIR and SWIR region. Application of the continuum removal hull method to raw spectra identified HH-specific absorption features over time and major absorption peaks at 980 nm, 1150 nm, 1400 nm, 1520 nm, 1780 nm and 1930 nm for the various conducted experiments. Machine learning (ML) model spot checking specified the support vector machine to be most suited for classification of hyperhydric explants, with a test accuracy of 85% outperforming traditional classification via vegetation index with 63% test accuracy and the other ML models tested. Investigations on the predictor importance revealed 1950 nm, 1445 nm in SWIR region and 415 nm in the VIS region to be most important for classification. The validity of the developed spectral classifier was tested on an available hyperspectral image acquisition in the SWIR-region.
Dairy farming has been the subject of public debate on animal welfare for a number of years now. Animal welfare discussions on dairy farming often include the demand for more nature connectedness in this area. This study focuses on the divergent perspectives of consumers and scientists on the importance of more nature connectedness for animal welfare strategies in German dairy farming. Within Europe, Germany is the main producer of cow’s milk and an important industry in many rural areas in Germany is dairy farming. The insights presented are based on qualitative interviews with dairy farming and livestock researchers from Germany and Austria. A key finding of this study is that we need to look more closely at the actual content of nature claims in animal welfare debates. The scientists interviewed tend to see idealized conditions in animal welfare discussions with images of nature which in fact seldom lead to improved conditions in dairy farming and, even then, only to a limited extent. The scientists interviewed rate calls for more nature connectedness in dairy farming from the nonagricultural public as anti-modern, complexity-reducing, and normative. Nevertheless, some of the scientists interviewed did have valuable insights into the nonagricultural public’s criticism of dairy farming practices. These scientists argued, however, that animal welfare needs to differentiate between nature connectedness and the innate needs of cattle when it comes to animal welfare strategies. An important conclusion of the study is that more discussion formats are needed to promote the exchange of ideas between different social groups attempting to understand animal welfare in dairy farming.
Iron deficiency is still widespread as a major health problem even in countries with adequate food supply. It mainly affects women but also vegans, vegetarians, and athletes and can lead to various clinical pictures. Biofortification of vitamin C-rich vegetables with iron may be one new approach to face this nutritional challenge. However, so far, little is known about the consumer acceptance of iron-biofortified vegetables, particularly in developed countries. To address this issue, a quantitative survey of 1000 consumers in Germany was conducted. The results showed that depending on the type of vegetable, between 54% and 79% of the respondents were interested in iron-biofortified vegetables. Regression analysis showed a relationship between product acceptance, gender, and area of residence. In addition, relationships were found between consumer preferences for enjoyment, sustainability, and naturalness. Compared to functional food and dietary supplements, 77% of respondents would prefer fresh iron-rich vegetables to improve their iron intake. For a market launch, those iron-rich vegetables appear especially promising, which can additionally be advertised with claims for being rich in vitamin C and cultivated in an environmentally friendly way. Consumers were willing to pay EUR 0.10 to EUR 0.20 more for the iron-biofortified vegetables.
Background
The current development of sensor technologies towards ever more cost-effective and powerful systems is steadily increasing the application of low-cost sensors in different horticultural sectors. In plant in vitro culture, as a fundamental technique for plant breeding and plant propagation, the majority of evaluation methods to describe the performance of these cultures are based on destructive approaches, limiting data to unique endpoint measurements. Therefore, a non-destructive phenotyping system capable of automated, continuous and objective quantification of in vitro plant traits is desirable.
Results
An automated low-cost multi-sensor system acquiring phenotypic data of plant in vitro cultures was developed and evaluated. Unique hardware and software components were selected to construct a xyz-scanning system with an adequate accuracy for consistent data acquisition. Relevant plant growth predictors, such as projected area of explants and average canopy height were determined employing multi-sensory imaging and various developmental processes could be monitored and documented. The validation of the RGB image segmentation pipeline using a random forest classifier revealed very strong correlation with manual pixel annotation. Depth imaging by a laser distance sensor of plant in vitro cultures enabled the description of the dynamic behavior of the average canopy height, the maximum plant height, but also the culture media height and volume. Projected plant area in depth data by RANSAC (random sample consensus) segmentation approach well matched the projected plant area by RGB image processing pipeline. In addition, a successful proof of concept for in situ spectral fluorescence monitoring was achieved and challenges of thermal imaging were documented. Potential use cases for the digital quantification of key performance parameters in research and commercial application are discussed.
Conclusion
The technical realization of “Phenomenon” allows phenotyping of plant in vitro cultures under highly challenging conditions and enables multi-sensory monitoring through closed vessels, ensuring the aseptic status of the cultures. Automated sensor application in plant tissue culture promises great potential for a non-destructive growth analysis enhancing commercial propagation as well as enabling research with novel digital parameters recorded over time.
Iron deficiency is a global issue and can lead to a variety of clinical pictures. The biofor-tification of vegetables with iron could complement the existing portfolio of iron-rich products, thus improving iron supply in the long term. In order to determine whether the iron-biofortified vegetables could meet this demand and would address appropriate target groups, a quantitative online survey was conducted in Germany. Based on 1000 consumer responses, a cluster analysis was performed. The results showed a four-cluster solution. The first cluster was holistically engaged, the second was fitness-affine but health unconcerned, the third cluster consists frugal eaters with a focus on medical prevention, and the fourth cluster are hedonists. No cluster focused its consumption on iron-enriched products, but instead all developed an individual mix of the three product groups.
The mineralization of soil organic nitrogen (N) and crop residues can significantly contribute to the N supply of vegetable crops. However, short-term mineralization dynamics are difficult to predict. On the other hand, fast-growing crops like spinach are highly sensitive to N shortage. Therefore, in situ soil columns have been tested to estimate the actual N supply via mineralization in field-grown spinach. In ten fertilization trials covered soil columns (20 cm in diameter) were driven into the soil to a depth of 30 cm at the start of the cultivation. Eight columns were repeated in three blocks within a total trial area of 0.10 to 0.25 ha. Net N mineralization was derived by subtracting the soil mineral N concentration (Nmin) in the upper 30 cm before installation from the concentration inside the columns at harvest. For comparison, a balance sheet was calculated for spinach plots receiving no N fertilization (zero plots) as well as fertilized plots and used as a proxy for net N mineralization. In this approach the initial Nmin concentration in the upper 30 cm of the soil, the N supply via irrigation, and fertilization as well as the total aboveground N uptake by spinach and the Nmin residue were considered. By using soil columns, N mineralization was determined with a mean coefficient of variation of 18%. A higher spatial variability of up to 43% was observed when spinach was grown as a second crop. The average net N mineralization rate ranged between 2 kg ha‑1 week‑1 (0-30 cm) in winter-grown spinach and 3-7 kg ha‑1 week‑1 (0-30 cm) in the other seasons. Nitrogen mineralization measured by the soil columns was qualitatively confirmed with the data obtained by the balance sheet. Soil columns enable repeated samplings during the spinach cultivation. In this way, top dressing rates can be adjusted to the actual N supply.
Spinach is a nitrogen (N)-demanding crop characterized by a shallow root architecture. Especially in the first weeks after sowing, significant N uptake is limited to the uppermost few centimetres of the soil. However, base fertilization is usually based on the soil mineral N (Nmin) concentration in the upper 30 cm. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine whether the soil sample depth for calculating the base N fertilization can be reduced to the 0-15 cm layer. In seven field trials, conducted during spring, summer and autumn seasons, either a low or high base fertilization dose was applied at sowing. Until top dressing, soil samples were frequently taken in the upper 0-15 and 15-30 cm layers to determine the average Nmin concentration in each layer. Top dressing was applied when the first true leaves had unfurled. With this fertilizer application, the total N supply was aligned between both treatments based on the Nmin concentration in the upper 30 cm of the soil. Aboveground fresh and dry masses were determined after reaching a fresh mass yield of 15-20 t ha‑1 and related to the mean Nmin concentration in the first 3 to 4 weeks of cultivation between sowing and top dressing. It was shown that the Nmin concentration in the upper 0-15 cm of the soil highly reflects the base fertilization rate. By contrast, the Nmin concentration in the 15-30 cm layer remained unaffected. However, the Nmin concentration of both top soil layers can affect fresh and dry mass yield at harvest. Therefore, the entire 0-30 cm soil layer should be considered when calculating the base N fertilization rate in field-grown spinach. Measurements revealed that spinach fresh and dry masses were increased until the N availability of between 54 and 59 kg ha‑1 (0-30 cm) was reached at the seedlings stage, respectively.
Klimabäume scheinen in der Mitte der Gesellschaft angekommen zu sein. Zahlreiche Empfehlungen finden sich in Onlinemedien und stellen die fünf oder zehn besten Baumarten vor. Dabei gibt es Schnittmengen. Interessanterweise enthält das Sortiment weitgehend bekannte und auch heute schon verwendete Arten. Es steht eine breite Palette an zukunftsfähigen Klimabäumen zur Verfügung, die teilweise noch gar nicht beachtet werden. In zwei Teilen sollen bekannte und weniger bekannte Klimabäume bezüglich ihrer Verwendbarkeit im urbanen Raum, ihrer Herkunft und ihres Ausbreitungspotenzials diskutiert werden.
Dieses Kapitel behandelt Marktforschungsansätze zur Wirkungsanalyse unternehmerischer Nachhaltigkeitshandlungen auf Endverbrauchermärkten. Ziel ist ein Überblick über Methoden, die aufgrund moderater Budgetvoraussetzungen in KMU und der angewandten Wissenschaft eingesetzt werden können. Dabei werden Herausforderungen der Messung ökologischer, sozialer und ethischer Kaufeigenschaften besonders berücksichtigt.
Primary Liver Cancers : Connecting the Dots of Cellular Studies and Epidemiology with Metabolomics
(2023)
Liver cancers are rising worldwide. Between molecular and epidemiological studies, a research gap has emerged which might be amenable to the technique of metabolomics. This review investigates the current understanding of liver cancer’s trends, etiology and its correlates with existing literature for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and hepatoblastoma (HB). Among additional factors, the literature reports dysfunction in the tricarboxylic acid metabolism, primarily for HB and HCC, and point mutations and signaling for CCA. All cases require further investigation of upstream and downstream events. All liver cancers reported dysfunction in the WNT/β-catenin and P13K/AKT/mTOR pathways as well as changes in FGFR. Metabolites of IHD1, IDH2, miRNA, purine, Q10, lipids, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, acylcarnitine, 2-HG and propionyl-CoA emerged as crucial and there was an attempt to elucidate the WNT/β-catenin and P13K/AKT/mTOR pathways metabolomically.
Semi-natural grasslands (SNGs) are an essential part of European cultural landscapes. They are an important habitat for many animal and plant species and offer a variety of ecological functions. Diverse plant communities have evolved over time depending on environmental and management factors in grasslands. These different plant communities offer multiple ecosystem services and also have an effect on the forage value of fodder for domestic livestock. However, with increasing intensification in agriculture and the loss of SNGs, the biodiversity of grasslands continues to decline. In this paper, we present a method to spatially classify plant communities in grasslands in order to identify and map plant communities and weed species that occur in a semi-natural meadow. For this, high-resolution multispectral remote sensing data were captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in regular intervals and classified by a convolutional neural network (CNN). As the study area, a heterogeneous semi-natural hay meadow with first- and second-growth vegetation was chosen. Botanical relevés of fixed plots were used as ground truth and independent test data. Accuracies up to 88% on these independent test data were achieved, showing the great potential of the usage of CNNs for plant community mapping in high-resolution UAV data for ecological and agricultural applications.
Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere-Chlorophyll Fluorescence storage (DCA-CF) uses a fluorescence-based measurement method to detect fermentation in apples (Malus × domestica BORKH.) caused by low-oxygen levels at an early stage. In recent years, it has been observed that individual apples of the same variety and origin can exhibit different fermentation behavior when stored under completely identical conditions. The causes of the different fermentation behavior must be found in order to be able to use DCA storage optimally. This study aimed to find the causes of the different fermentation behaviors of individual apples. Our results show that fruit ripeness can affect the lower oxygen limit (LOL), especially immediately after harvest, when the starch degradation in the fruit is not yet complete. A significant increase in the LOL was observed in ‘Elstar’ (2020: 0.3 kPa, 0.6 kPa, 0.9 kPa; 2021: 0.3 kPa, 0.4 kPa, 0.6 kPa). ‘Braeburn’ also exhibited this behavior regarding the LOL at a lower level. The LOL could not be identified for some of the fruit (varying from 12.5% to 41.7% of the examined apples) previously stored in Ultra Low Oxygen (ULO) storage for 4 months. Also, the chlorophyll content in the apple skin influences the fluorescence measurement method. Within 2 weeks, the chlorophyll content in the apple skin was halved. If the chlorophyll content drops, the reliability of the fluorescence measurement also decreases. It turned out that apples with an Fv/Fm < 0.7 were unsuitable for valid LOL identification.
Grasslands are ubiquitous globally, and their conservation and restoration are critical to combat both the biodiversity and climate crises. There is increasing interest in implementing effective multifunctional grassland restoration to restore biodiversity concomitant with above- and belowground carbon sequestration, delivery of carbon credits and/or integration with land dedicated to solar panels. Other common multifunctional restoration considerations include improved forage value, erosion control, water management, pollinator services, and wildlife habitat provisioning. In addition, many grasslands are global biodiversity hotspots. Nonetheless, relative to their impact, and as compared to forests, the importance of preservation, conservation, and restoration of grasslands has been widely overlooked due to their subtle physiognomy and underappreciated contributions to human and planetary well-being. Ultimately, the global success of carbon sequestration will depend on more complete and effective grassland ecosystem restoration. In this review, supported by examples from across the Western world, we call for more strenuous and unified development of best practices for grassland restoration in three areas of concern: initial site conditions and site preparation; implementation of restoration measures and management; and social context and sustainability. For each area, we identify the primary challenges to grassland restoration and highlight case studies with proven results to derive successful and generalizable solutions.
Advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing have propelled research into the human microbiome and its link to metabolic health. We explore microbiome analysis methods, specifically emphasizing metabolomics, how dietary choices impact the production of microbial metabolites, providing an overview of studies examining the connection between enterotypes and diet, and thus, improvement of personalized dietary recommendations. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate constitute more than 95% of the collective pool of short-chain fatty acids. Conflicting data on acetate’s effects may result from its dynamic signaling, which can vary depending on physiological conditions and metabolic phenotypes. Human studies suggest that propionate has overall anti-obesity effects due to its well-documented chemistry, cellular signaling mechanisms, and various clinical benefits. Butyrate, similar to propionate, has the ability to reduce obesity by stimulating the release of appetite-suppressing hormones and promoting the synthesis of leptin. Tryptophan affects systemic hormone secretion, with indole stimulating the release of GLP-1, which impacts insulin secretion, appetite suppression, and gastric emptying. Bile acids, synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and subsequently modified by gut bacteria, play an essential role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins, but they also interact directly with intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. One study using statistical methods identified primarily two groupings of enterotypes Bacteroides and Ruminococcus. The Prevotella-dominated enterotype, P-type, in humans correlates with vegetarians, high-fiber and carbohydrate-rich diets, and traditional diets. Conversely, individuals who consume diets rich in animal fats and proteins, typical in Western-style diets, often exhibit the Bacteroides-dominated, B-type, enterotype. The P-type showcases efficient hydrolytic enzymes for plant fiber degradation but has limited lipid and protein fermentation capacity. Conversely, the B-type features specialized enzymes tailored for the degradation of animal-derived carbohydrates and proteins, showcasing an enhanced saccharolytic and proteolytic potential. Generally, models excel at predictions but often struggle to fully elucidate why certain substances yield varied responses. These studies provide valuable insights into the potential for personalized dietary recommendations based on enterotypes
SimBO is a flexible framework for optimizing discrete event-driven simulations (DES) using sequential optimization algorithms. While specifically designed for Bayesian Optimization (BO) in the context of DES, SimBO can be applied to any black-box problem with other optimization algorithms. The framework consists of four encapsulated components - the black-box problem, the sequential optimization algorithm, a database for experiment configuration and results, and a web-based graphical user interface - that communicate via well-defined interfaces. Each component can be run in different environments, allowing for cooperation between different hardware- and software configurations. In our research context, SimBO’s architecture enabled BO algorithms to be run on a high-performance cluster with GPU support, while the simulation is executed on a local Windows machine using the Simio simulation software. The framework’s flexibility also makes it suitable for evolving from a research-focused tool to a production-ready, cloud-based optimization tool for modern algorithms.
Fütterung von Zuchtstuten
(2023)
Fütterung von Jungpferden
(2023)
Den autochthonen Baumarten geht es unter den klimatischen Veränderungen des Klimawandels so- wohl in der freien Landschaft als auch im urbanen Raum zunehmend schlechter (vgl. fIetz & burger 2021; mlV.nrW 2022). Gleichzeitig können in natürlichen Waldökosystemen Anpassungsdynamiken an diese veränderten klimatischen Bedingungen im Rahmen der Laurophyllisierung beobachtet werden, bei dem sich die mitteleuropäischen sommergrünen Laubwälder in teilweise immergrünen Hartlaubwaldgesell- schaften entwickeln (s. frey et al. 2010: 41). Grund hierfür sind die klimatischen Veränderungen bedingt durch den Klimawandel und Gartentrends (s. berger 2008; deHnen-scHmutz et al. 2006). Der Klimawandel scheint daher günstige Bedingungen für wärmebedürftige und frostempfindliche Immergrüne zu bieten, die an die zu erwartenden Klimaten gut angepasst sind (s. WIttIg 2008: 20). Die Immergrünen, durch die der Prozess der Laurophyllisierung maßgeblich beeinflusst wird, haben ihr natürliches Verbreitungsgebiet überwiegend in der subtropischen vollhumiden Klimazone. Das Klimaxstadium dieser Klimate ist ein im- mergrüner Lorbeerwald, der als Zonobiom V zusammengefasst wird (s. brecKle & rafIqPoor 2019).
Auch in deutschen Städten ist eine solche Anpassung der Stadtbäume an sich ändernde klimatische Bedingungen notwendig. Neben dem Klimawandel spielt im urbanen Raum das Stadtklima eine wich- tige Rolle, welches die Standortbedingungen der Pflanzen zusätzlich beeinflusst und die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels verstärkt (s. HennInger & Weber 2020; WeIscHet & endlIcHer 2018; Kuttler 1998). Die vorlie- gende Arbeit soll daher untersuchen, inwiefern sich die Herkünfte der Arten, die am Prozess der Lauro- phyllisierung beteiligt sind, für die Verwendung im städtischen Raum eignen und somit beantworten, inwiefern die Laurophyllisierung eine Chance für die klimaresiliente Gehölzverwendung in der Stadt dar- stellen kann.
Dafür werden die unterschiedlichen Baumstandorte einer Stadt anhand thermischer und hygrischer Verhältnisse zu schematischen Baumstandorttypen zusammengefasst. Während sich durch die ther- mischen Verhältnisse vor allem zentral und dezentral gelegene Baumstandorttypen differenzieren las- sen, trennen die hygrischen Verhältnisse naturnahe Baumstandorttypen von Baumstandorttypen mit eingeschränktem Wurzelraum. Für diese vier Baumstandorttypen wird dann für vier unterschiedliche Städte Deutschlands das zukünftige Mikroklima mithilfe des RCP8.5 in Form eines Klimadiagramms er- mittelt. Durch die differenzierte Auswahl der Untersuchungsgebiete Hamburg, Düsseldorf, München und Berlin können so Aussagen zu regionalen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels getroffen werden. Zudem dienen die Klimadiagramme der unterschiedlichen Baumstandorttypen als Grundlage für den klimati- schen Vergleich mit den Klimaten der Herkünfte der immergrünen Arten des Zonobiom V. Anhand die- ses Vergleiches können Subzonobiome ausfindig gemacht werden, die mehr oder weniger dem Klima der Baumstandorttypen entsprechen. Eines der Subzonobiome, welches eine gute klimatische Referenz darstellt, wird anschließend im Hinblick auf die prägnantesten immergrünen Arten näher betrachtet. Die Auswahl in dieser Arbeit ist auf das sommerregengeprägte Subzonobiom Ost-Asiens gefallen, aus dem insgesamt 20 immergrüne Laubbaumarten, neun Koniferen und eine Palmenart in Form von Steck- briefen näher beschrieben und auf die Eignung für die Verwendung innerhalb der Mirkoklimate der vier Baumstandorttypen eingeschätzt werden.
Weide für Trockensteher?
(2023)
Fütterung auf dem Prüfstand
(2023)
Diet can influence healthy aging through anti- or proinflammatory effects, partly by modulating the gut microbiome composition. This study investigated the relationships between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), the gut microbiome, and nutritional status in elderly individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 114 home-dwelling individuals aged over 70 years. The Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) was calculated from 3-day food diaries, and blood samples were taken to measure micronutrient status, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance, and fecal gut microbiome composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The participants were categorized into maintaining an anti-inflammatory diet (AD) and a pro-inflammatory diet (PD) based on the median E-DII score. The associations of E-DII groups with blood markers and microbial diversity and composition were examined using the analysis of covariance, permutational analysis of variance, and multivariate linear models. Results: The AD (n = 57, 76 ± 3.83 years) and PD (n = 57, 75 ± 5.21 years) groups were similar in age but differed in sex distribution, with a higher proportion of females in the AD group (p = 0.02). When compared to the PD group and adjusted for sex, the AD group had a lower body mass index, fat mass, fasting insulin level, HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance), fasting triglycerides, and serum uric acid concentration (all p < 0.05), with higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein, red-blood-cell folate (RBC), and Omega-3 index (all p < 0.05). While the microbial diversity and composition did not differ between the DII groups, folate concentrations were negatively associated with Agathobacter and positively associated with Bacteroides abundance (both q = 0.23). Lower uric acid concentrations were associated with a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium (q = 0.09) and lower abundance of Phocaeicola (q = 0.11). Discussion: The study suggests that following an anti-inflammatory diet is associated with improved nutritional status in the elderly. Dietary blood markers, rather than E-DII, were found to be associated with the gut microbiome, suggesting a potential link between the microbiome and changes in nutritional markers independent of diet. Further studies are needed to explore the causal relationship between dietary inflammatory potential, gut microbiome, and healthy aging.
Auf Basis von drei Proteinabsenkungsversuchen auf einem Praxisbetrieb in Nord-West Deutschland und einem in einem Versuchsstall wurden die Auswirkungen dieser Fütterung auf betriebliche N-Bilanzen und ausgewählte Nachhaltigkeitsparameter betrachtet.
Die N-Reduktion in den jeweiligen Versuchsgruppen hatte keine Verringerung
des N-Überschusses zur Folge. Die N-Ausscheidungen konnten in allen 4 Projekten deutlich reduziert werden und sie unterschieden sich signifikant voneinander.
Die N-Effizienz verbesserte sich ebenfalls signifikant. Bei den Klimabilanzen entscheidet alleinig die Herkunft des Sojaextraktionsschrotes (Nord- oder Südamerika) ob der Einsatz einer stark N-reduzierten Fütterung sinnvoll ist oder nicht.
Eine generelle Verbesserung der Klimabilanz durch Einsparung von Sojaschrot konnte nicht belegt werden.
Die Autoren präsentieren einen innovativen Ansatz für Circular Economy (CE)-Strategien mit hohem Umweltpotenzial. Dieser Ansatz betont Verweigerung, Umdenken und Reduzieren, indem die Perspektive vom Verbraucher auf soziale Praktiken verschoben wird. Dabei wird Suffizienz als Schlüsselkonzept eingeführt, das entscheidend ist, um Umweltbelastungen durch CE zu reduzieren und die Transformation des Produktions- und Konsumsystems zu fördern. Die Autoren betonen, dass nachhaltige Kreislaufwirtschaft ohne Suffizienz nicht möglich ist.
Die Studie berichtet über einen Fall, in dem die Über-Verfügbarkeit durch das Konzept der Genügsamkeit ersetzt wurde. Die Autoren beobachten, wie Suffizienz in die Lebensstile der Teilnehmer integriert wird, insbesondere durch einen Farmboxing-Ansatz. Obwohl die Verallgemeinerung des Falls begrenzt ist, zeigt die Studie das Potenzial niedrigschwelliger Einführungen von Suffizienz, wie beispielsweise öffentlicher Raum für gärtnerische Aktivitäten.
Die Autoren betonen jedoch die Notwendigkeit weiterer empirischer Arbeit, um die Bedeutung von Suffizienz in verschiedenen sozialen Praktiken zu verstehen. Sie schlagen vor, dass der Zeitpunkt für solche Forschungen günstig ist, angesichts aktueller globaler Entwicklungen und der steigenden Nachfrage nach Strategien zur Ressourcenverringerung.
Die Studie identifiziert Herausforderungen, darunter unklare Faktoren, die nicht berücksichtigt wurden, wie die Rolle des sozialen Umfelds und die Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse auf andere Lebensbereiche. Die Autoren planen bereits eine Folgestudie mit quantitativen und qualitativen Analysen sowie Lebenszyklusanalysen.
Abschließend schlagen die Autoren vor, klare Definitionen für Wiederverwendung, Umdenken und Reduzierung zu entwickeln, basierend auf empirischen Daten und Beispielen sozialer Praktiken. Sie fordern auch dazu auf, Theorien sozialer Praktiken auf andere CE-Strategien anzuwenden, da soziale Praktiken nicht auf privaten Konsum beschränkt sind.
The BBI is a first step toward putting biodiversity conservation into practice in the OHC context. The results are consistent with studies related to nutrition However, the results also show that there is room for improvement and that there are further areas to be addressed. It is also clear that commercial kitchens currently have only limited room for maneuver. If OHC is to become more biodiversity-friendly, greater transparency is needed in terms of origin labels and species/variety identifiers, and a wide range of options will also be required in terms of procurement. That being the case, it is essential to focus on the entire value chain. Furthermore, in addition to the initial recommendations, much more knowledge is required about the impacts of farming methods and heritage varieties and species, as well as about the use of fish, other marine animals and game meat. In principle, however, the BBI can already be implemented in commercial kitchens by identifying recipe optimizations that kitchens can feasibly implement, that align with their budgets, and that maintain acceptance among patrons. In addition, this approach has the potential to be integrated into the assessment framework of the NAHGAST calculator, making it readily accessible and free for OHC facilities to use. In the OHC context in particular, this could be leveraged to drive sustainable change in the food system.
Der Text behandelt die Bedeutung nachhaltiger Ernährung und die Herausforderungen bei der Integration von Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten in die berufliche Bildung, insbesondere in den Korn-handhabenden Berufen. Tägliche Ernährungsentscheidungen werden als maßgeblich für Umwelt, Gesellschaft und Gesundheit hervorgehoben. Die EAT-Lancet-Kommission schlägt eine Planetarische Gesundheitsdiät vor, die klimafreundlich und gesund ist. Die Förderung von Nachhaltigkeitskompetenzen in der beruflichen Bildung wird als Schlüssel für langfristige Veränderungen in Betrieben betont. Der Modellversuch Korn-Scout zielt darauf ab, Lehr-/Lernmaterialien zu entwickeln, die die Nachhaltigkeitsorientierung von Auszubildenden in Korn-handhabenden Berufen fördern. Dieser besteht aus vier Elementen: Status-quo-Analyse, Entwicklung von Lehr-/Lernmaterialien, Erprobung und Transfer in die Praxis. Kommunikation wird als Schlüsselfaktor für die systematische Integration von Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung in die Ausbildung betont. Die Evaluation der Materialien während der Covid-19-Pandemie führte zu sinnvollen Optimierungsvorschlägen.Erunterstreicht die Bedeutung von Kommunikationskompetenzen für nachhaltiges Handeln in den Korn-handhabenden Berufen. Effektive Kommunikation entlang der Wertschöpfungskette ist entscheidend, um Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte von der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion bis zum Verzehr zu integrieren. Neben der Kommunikationskompetenz werden auch andere Fähigkeiten wie die Suche, Verarbeitung und Integration von nachhaltigkeitsrelevanten Informationen betont. Der Modellversuch Korn-Scout identifizierte berufsübergreifende Nachhaltigkeitskompetenzen entlang der Korn-Food-Supply-Chain, wobei einige Berufe spezifische Kompetenzen aufweisen. Die systematische Weiterentwicklung dieser Kompetenzen ist entscheidend für die strukturelle Integration von Nachhaltigkeit in der beruflichen Praxis. Lehr-/Lernmaterialien aus dem Modellversuch werden durch Zusammenarbeit mit Praxispartnern in die Praxis übertragen. Der Ausblick betont die Notwendigkeit weiterer Projekte und Anpassungen in den Ausbildungsordnungen für eine umfassende Verankerung von Nachhaltigkeit in der beruflichen Ausbildung.
Leftovers lovers vs. haters: A latent class analysis on dinner leftover management behaviours
(2023)
Die Studie untersucht die Heterogenität im Umgang mit Speiseresten in Haushalten, insbesondere unter Verwendung von Mahlzeitensets mit angepassten Portions- und Zutatengrößen. Durch eine latenten Klassenanalyse werden Verbrauchersegmente identifiziert, wobei die positive Einstellung zu Essensresten und bewusster Umgang damit untersucht werden. Die Studie analysiert auch die Auswirkungen von Emotionen, persönlichen Normen, Intentionen und Essensbeschaffungsroutinen auf die Zugehörigkeit zu einem Resteverwertungssegment. Daten von 868 Haushalten aus sechs Ländern zeigen fünf Verbrauchersegmente mit Unterschieden in der Menge der Essensreste. Mahlzeitensets haben heterogene Auswirkungen, indem sie in einigen Segmenten die Menge der Essensreste verringern, in anderen jedoch nicht. Die Ergebnisse bieten neue Erkenntnisse über die Vielfalt im Umgang mit Speiseresten und liefern Implikationen für Theorie und Politik zur Reduzierung von Lebensmittelverschwendung im Haushalt.
Auf der dritten Strategietagung Nachhaltigkeit wurde deutlich, dass Nachhaltigkeit breit angelegte Veränderungen in Staat, Gesellschaft und Unternehmen erfordert. Diakonische Unternehmen sind hochmotiviert und bestens geeignet, diese Änderungen zu vollziehen. Sie haben sich längst auf den Weg gemacht, neben der ökologischen auch die soziale Nachhaltigkeit zu befördern. Es hat für Frustration gesorgt, dass Themen besprochen werden mussten, die bereits bei der ersten Tagung als dringend identifiziert worden waren. Dem gegenüber standen aber die Beispiele aus den Unternehmen, die zeigten, dass bereits im bestehenden Rahmen viele entscheidende Verbesserungen möglich sind. Immer mehr diakonische Unternehmen entwickeln Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien und installieren ein Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement. Die Berichterstattung, z.B. in Form von CO2-Bilanzen oder Nachhaltigkeitsberichten nach anerkannten Standards wie EMAS-plus, DNK oder GWÖ, wird zügig ausgebaut. Soweit Daten vorhanden sind, konnten die CO2-Emissionen bereits signifikant reduziert werden. Zudem, das wurde an vielen Punkten der Tagung klar, stellten die Beteiligten eine stark gewachsene Bereitschaft in der Politik fest, die Nachhaltigkeits- und Klimaziele zu konkretisieren und Maßnahmen gegen den Klimawandel ressortübergreifend und engagiert auf den Weg zu bringen.
In a protein reduction feeding trial (Study 1) on a commercial broiler farm in northern Germany, it was attempted to be shown that research results from station tests on protein reduction can be transferred to agricultural practice. In a second study, the limits of the N reduction were tested in a research facility. In Study 1, commercial standard feeds were fed to the control group (variant 1:210,000 animals; n = 5 barns). In the test group (variant 2:210,000 animals; n = 5 barns), the weighted mean crude protein (CP) content was moderately reduced by 0.3%. The nitrogen reduction in the feed did not affect performance (feed intake (FA), daily gain (DG), feed conversion (FCR)), but nitrogen conversion rate increased from approx. 61% to approx. 63%. The solid litter weight was reduced by 12% and nitrogen excretion by 9% (p < 0.05). Significantly healthier footpads were due to lower water intake (−4%; p < 0.05) and a numerically drier bedding. In Study 2, responses of treatments (1250 broiler per variant; n = 5) showed that sharper N-lowering (−1.5% CP; weighted average) did not impair performance either, but N-conversion improved and N-excretions decreased significantly. Converted to a protein reduction of one percentage point, the N excretions were able to be reduced by 22% in Study 1 and 18% in Study 2. Feeding trials in the commercial sector, such as the present Study 1, should convince feed mills and farmers to allow the latest scientific results to be used directly and comprehensively in commercial ration design.
Duckweed is gaining attention in animal nutrition and is considered as a potential alternative protein source for broiler chickens. In order to evaluate the nutritional value of duckweed, three individual batches were investigated. They consisted of a mixture of Lemna minuta and Lemna minor (A, 17.5% crude protein), Spirodela polyrhiza (B, 24.6% crude protein) and Lemna obscura (C, 37.0% crude protein). Treatment diets contained 50% batch A, 50% batch B, and 25, 50 and 75% of batch C. All diets were fed to broiler chickens (Ross 308) from an age of 21 to 27 days. Diets with a share of 50 and 75% of batch C led to decreased feed intake (109.3 and 74.9 g/day, respectively) compared to the control. Standardized ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids differed significantly between duckweed batches, at values for methionine between 49.9 and 90.4%. For all amino acids, batch A consistently had the lowest and batch C the highest digestibility. Batches had different tannin contents of 2943, 2890 and 303 mg/kg for batches A, B and C, respectively. The apparent ileal digestibility of phosphorus differed significantly between all batches (50.8–78.9%). Duckweed can be used as a protein feed for broiler chickens. However, a defined and stable biomass composition optimized for the requirements of broiler chickens is needed.
The present study aims to compare the effects of maternal and offspring treatment with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3) and vitamin D3 on vitamin D status, mineral homoeostasis, bone metabolism and locomotion in the offspring. Either vitamin D3 (50 μg/kg diet) or 25-OHD3 (50 μg/kg diet) was supplemented to the gestation and lactation diets of 49 multiparous sows and/or to the diets of their growing offspring. Treatment of the sows did not affect plasma concentrations of 25-OHD3 of the offspring. Pigs fed 25-OHD3 had higher plasma concentrations of 25-OHD3 than pigs that received vitamin D3 during rearing and fattening. However, neither plasma concentrations of calcium, phosphate and bone markers during the observation period nor bone ash and bone mineral density at slaughter were clearly affected by the treatment. Maternal and offspring treatment with 25-OHD3 instead of vitamin D3 resulted in a slight reduction in the prevalence of leg swelling. In addition, more pigs walked with even steps and normal stride length. Further studies are needed to test whether the slight effects observed in the present experiment are reproducible and of relevance for animal health and welfare. In that case, the underlying mechanisms should be revealed in order to take advantage of potentially beneficial influences especially under certain feeding regimes.
Within the consortium “Experimentation Field Agro-Nordwest”, a practical concept for knowledge and technology transfer of digital competence in agriculture was created. For this purpose, the web-based e-learning system “SensX” was set up, consisting of videos, presentations and instructions. In addition, the classical e-learning concept was extended by data sets, student experiments and sensor data of plants acquired by a remote phenotyping robot. This resulted in a massive open online course (MOOC), which was tested with agricultural and biotechnology students in higher education at the University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück over two years. The evaluation process of “SensX” included an empirical survey, qualitative interviews of the participating students by an external institution and an evaluation of the concept by the lecturers.
Computer-image processing becomes more and more important in the analysis of data in biological and agricultural research and practice. However, robust image processing is highly de pendent on the histogram analysis algorithms used and the quality of the data being processed. The algorithm presented here aims to improve the accuracy of the classification of image data generated under complex boundary situations and inconsistent lighting conditions. Using the example of the determination of nitrogen content of tomato leaves and the qualitative determination of starch con tent of apples on the basis of color image processing, we showed that the developed algorithm is able to perform a robust classification and represents an improvement to simple histogram analysis.
Lahmheiten bilden bei Sauen und wachsenden Schweinen ein ernstzunehmendes Gesundheits- und Tierwohlproblem. Die Studie zeigte, dass der diätetische Einsatz von 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol im Austausch zum Vitamin D3 zu einer Reduktion von Bewegungsproblemen bei Sauen und wachsenden Schweinen geführt hat.
Vitamin D für starke Beine
(2023)
Die planungsrechtliche Zulässigkeit von Betrieben der Urbanen Produktion unterscheidet sich je nach ihrem Störgrad deutlich zwischen den Baugebietstypen der Baunutzungsverordnung (BauNVO). Während Betriebe, die das Wohnen nicht wesentlichen stören, auch in gemischten Baugebieten zulässig sind, kommen für Betriebe mit höheren Störgraden nur Gewerbe- und ggf. auch Industriegebiete infrage. Über die Ausweisung von Gewerbegebieten kann jedoch innerhalb eines Quartiers eine grobkörnige Nutzungsmischung erreicht werden. Betriebe, die das Wohnen nicht wesentlich stören, können über die Ausweisung gemischter Baugebiete wie dem Urbanen Gebiet zusätzlich in einer feinkörnigen Nutzungsmischung realisiert werden. Dabei kann die Verdrängung von Betrieben der Urbanen Produktion durch zahlungskräftigere Nutzungen mithilfe des Planungsrechts nur begrenzt beeinflusst werden. Insbesondere in Urbanen Gebieten besteht die Gefahr, dass sie von anderen Nutzungen wie dem Wohnen verdrängt werden.
The contribution follows the hypothesis that the concept of transformative resilience can be a driver in transdisciplinary processes bringing together landscape planning and landscape design. Combining processes of generating, structuring and spatializing knowledge on landscape functions and designing visions for sustainable landscapes on different scales benefits from the creative use of mappings.
Background
The aim of this qualitative study was to identify a practice level model that could explain a sustained change in nutritional behavior.
Methods
The study used three data inputs from four interviewees, one merged input from a married couple, as narrative interviews. The interviews were analyzed using grounded theory.
Results
Coexistence of a certain suffering and a triggering episode lead to the decision to change nutritional life-style by all interviewed. Maintenance of the self-determined newly learned nutritional behavior was supported by subject-related intrinsic motivation, the ability to reflect, and a low expectation of success from the behavioral change. Environment-related factors were identified as support from life-partner and peers. Subjects reported that the sustained nutritional behavior change impacted their holistic health through subject-perceived improved life quality, increase in the number of social contacts, and a change in personal attitudes and perception. The analysis remains limited, and at best hypothesis generating, in that only three data inputs from four interviewees were used.
Conclusion
In this hypothesis-generating narrative interview study of four study subjects, volition, personal decision making, and long-term motivation (though not external determination) seemed to sustain a change in newly learned nutritional behavior.
Tierwohl, Grüne Gentechnik, Hofsterben, biologische Vielfalt: Das Agri- und Foodbusiness steht im hohen Maße im Fokus der Öffentlichkeit. In diesem Buch werden Handlungsmöglichkeiten mit Blick auf die kommunikativen Aufgaben der Branche dargestellt – und dies erstmals auf Basis einschlägiger Ansätze aus den Kommunikationswissenschaften und dem PR-Management. Die Autoren liefern einen Überblick über branchenrelevante Themen wie Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation, Storytelling und Krisenkommunikation sowie ihre Einsatz- und Wirkungsweise im Rahmen einer professionellen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit.
Farmland bird populations are in a deep crisis across Europe. Agri-environment schemes (AES) were implemented by the European Union to stop and reverse the general decline of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. In Germany, flower strips are one of the most common AES. Establishing high-quality perennial wildflower strips (WFS) with species-rich native forb mixtures from regional seed propagation is a recent approach, for which the effectiveness for birds has not yet been sufficiently studied. We surveyed breeding birds and vegetation on 40 arable fields with WFS (20 with single and 20 with aggregated WFS) and 20 arable fields lacking WFS as controls across Saxony-Anhalt (Germany). Additionally, vegetation composition, WFS quantity and landscape structure (e.g. distance to nearest woody element) were considered in our analyses. All WFS were established with species-rich native seed mixtures (30 forbs) in agricultural practice as AES. Arable fields with WFS had a higher species richness and territory density of birds than controls, confirming the effectiveness of this AES. A forb-rich vegetation was the main driver promoting birds. Flower strip quantity at the landscape level had positive effects only on bird densities, but also single WFS achieved benefits. A short distance from WFS to woody elements increased total bird species richness. However, the density of farmland birds, which are target species of these AES, were negatively affected by the proximity and proportion of woody elements in the vicinity. The effect of the proportion of non-intensively used open habitats and overall habitat richness was unexpectedly low in the otherwise intensively farmed landscape. Species-rich perennial WFS significantly promoted breeding birds. Successful establishment of WFS, resulting in high-quality habitats, a high flower strip quantity as well as implementation in open landscapes were shown to maximise the effectiveness for restoring declining and AES target farmland birds.
Adventitious root (AR) formation is the basis of vegetative propagation in rose, be it via stem cuttings or via stenting. During this process, wounding plays a pivotal role since cell reprogramming takes place at the tissue adjacent to the wound. We investigated the effects of wounding on AR formation on leafy single-node stem cuttings of the rose rootstock R. canina ‘Pfänder’ (codes R02-3 and R02-6) and the cut rose cultivar Rosa ‘Tan09283’ (Registration name ‘Beluga’). Laser wounding treatments were based on the assisted removal of tissue layers located in the bark. The positioning of wounding was studied based on two marking directions: along the cutting base (strip pattern) and around the cutting base (ring pattern). Additionally, the effects of external supply of indole-butyric acid (IBA 1 mg L-1) on rootingwere analyzed. Results showedthat inorder toremovespecific tissue layers, the calculation of the laser energy density (J cm-2) in terms of cutting diameter was necessary. Interestingly, the application of energy densities from 2.5 J cm-2 up to approximately 8.5 J cm-2 were sufficient to expose the tissue layers of epidermis up to regions of phloem. Regarding AR formation for R. canina ‘Pfänder’, characterized by a low rooting response, an increase in the rooting percentage was registered when the laser treatment eliminated the tissue up to phloem proximities. Analysis of the nodal position showed that bud location was a preferential place for AR formation independently of wounding treatment. In case of Rosa ‘Tan09283’, laser treatments did not reduce its high rooting capacity, but an apparent reduction in rooting quality due to an investment in tissue healing was observed when wounding reached deeper layers such as parenchyma and sclerenchyma. Results also showeda strongARformation directly fromwounded regions in case of Rosa ‘Tan09283’ specifically when the woundwas located below the axillary bud. In conclusion, wounding by assisted-elimination of layers by laser can induce positive effects on AR formation of single-node stemcuttings of the rose if energy applied is able to expose phloemproximities,a longitudinalorientation, and relative position to the axillary bud are considered.
Background
Spinach is a nitrogen (N) demanding crop with a weekly N uptake of up to 60 kg ha–1. Consequently, a high N supply is required, which can temporarily lead to high quantities of nitrate (NO3–) being at risk of leaching.
Aims
The objective of this study was to develop a N fertilization approach to reduce the risk of NO3– leaching in field-grown spinach production without adversely affecting crop yield and quality at an early and late harvest stage.
Methods
Ten fertilization trials were conducted to compare different base fertilization rates and splits of top dressings. For top dressings, granulated fertilizers or foliar sprays were used. In a further treatment, N supply was reduced by withholding the second top dressing of 50–70 kg ha−1.
Results
Nitrate concentration at risk of leaching was considerably reduced by decreasing the base fertilizer rate as well as by splitting the top dressing. However, at an early harvest stage, total aboveground dry mass was reduced by, on average, 6% by these measures across all seasons. In contrast, at a later harvest stage, spinach was less affected by the fertilizer schedule. Urea foliar sprays proved to be insufficient in promoting plant growth and caused leaf necrosis. A reduced N supply led to impaired plant growth and yellowish leaves in both spring and winter.
Conclusions
Base N fertilization of spinach is only required in spring, but not in other seasons. Despite slight yield reduction, the top dressing should be split to reduce the risk of NO3− leaching after an early harvest.
In open-field vegetable production, high quantities of soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin) and N-rich crop residues often remain in the field at harvest. After the harvest of crops in autumn, this N can lead to considerable nitrate (NO3−) losses during the subsequent winter leaching period. In four field trials, different tillage depths (3–4, 10, 30 cm) and dates (early autumn, late autumn, early spring) were investigated to reduce N losses after growing spinach in the autumn. In a further treatment, the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) was directly applied to the crop residues. Potential N losses were calculated by a balance sheet approach based on Nmin concentration (0–90 cm), measured N mineralization and N uptake by catch crops. By postponing the tillage date from early to late autumn or spring, resprouting spinach stubbles acted as a catch crop, reducing N losses by up to 61 kg ha−1. However, if the spinach biomass collapsed, the N losses increased by up to 33 kg ha−1 even without tillage. The application of DMPP as well as the tillage depth were less effective. Overall, postponing tillage to spring seems to be the most promising approach for reducing N losses during the off-season.
Aus dem Brutschrank ins Gewächshaus – Bewertung des Stickstoffhaushalts in Substraten (Abstract)
(2022)
Die Innenentwicklung ist ein wichtiger Baustein für eine nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung. Jedoch entstehen in der praktischen Umsetzung häufig Zielkonflikte zwischen verschiedenen Themen der nachhaltigen Stadtentwicklung. Die in § 1 BauGB aufgeführten Ziele und Belange müssen in der Bauleitplanung auf kommunaler Ebene im Rahmen der Abwägung berücksichtigt und gewichtet werden. Dies kann für kommunale Akteur*innen eine große Herausforderung darstellen.
Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „Rechtsanwendung in der Bauleitplanung – Umgang mit Zielkonflikten im Bereich der Innenentwicklung“ (gefördert aus Mitteln des Niedersächsischen Vorab) wurde untersucht, welche Zielkonflikte in der verbindlichen Bauleitplanung benannt werden und welche Lösungsansätze dazu von Kommunen und in der Forschung entwickelt wurden. Die Erkenntnisse basieren unter anderem auf einer umfangreichen Dokumentenanalyse von über 80 Bebauungsplänen deutscher wachsender Großstädte.
Die vorliegende Arbeitshilfe zeigt im Sinne eines Baukastensystems 49 ausgewählte Bausteine aus sechs Handlungsfeldern der Innenentwicklung. Damit sollen Kommunen Hinweise an die Hand gegeben werden, wie in der verbindlichen Bauleitplanung Zielkonflikte zwischen verschiedenen Handlungsfeldern bewältigt und Lösungsansätze anhand der Festsetzungen nach § 9 BauGB planungsrechtlich im Bebauungsplan verankert werden können.
Taking the transdisciplinary research study “Green fingers for a climate resilient city”, funded by the German Ministry of education and research (BMBF), as an example, this paper follows the hypothesis that processes of landscape planning and designing multifunctional green spaces and processes of co-creation need to be combined to stimulate climate resilient city transformation. The findings are that efforts to combine these processes benefit from making complex climate-resilient city planning accessible for people of different professional backgrounds. The paper showcases how storytelling (Schmidt 2019), mapping (Langner 2009) and guided walks (Schultz 2019) are means to mutually engage with, perceive and understand multifunctional green spaces, inspire ownership, and build capacity for the city’s climate-resilient transformation.
The production of food-grade substances and complex biocatalysts used as additives or active ingredients – mainly for food applications – can be achieved in the eukaryotic expression system of Aspergillus niger. Food proteins or food enzymes e.g., casein, ovalbumin, phytase or glucoamylase are highly complex polymers. Most of them could be used as nitrogen or energy source for animals and humans, while others are industrial relevant biomass-degrading enzymes used for biological waste processing and food production.
However, the successful production of novel recombinant proteins can be challenging, resource- and time consuming. Therefore, A. niger mutant libraries are needed to understand the “adjusting screws” to produce high yields of recombinant proteins, preferably even in a kind of generic, transferable system. In order to establish a universal and multipurpose expression platform, there is the need to overcome the lack of high throughput assays first.
To tackle this problem, we designed a modular, quantitative and feasible high-throughput screening system to express and screen recombinant proteins regarding their stability and functionality in A. niger. For this purpose a dual-luciferase reporter gene system, which is applicable in small scale will be established for A. niger. After the generation of an A. niger secretion mutant library, the system will be transferred and tested to other proteins of interest. The technology can be integrated into bio-regenerative life support systems for the autonomous production of e.g., food, food additives and food enzymes on earth as well as in deep-space.
When the ECLAS Conference took place in 1972 western societies were undergoing profound change: They transformed from industrial to postindustrial societies – the so-called service societies. 50 years later, the knowledge society is emerging: Knowledge is considered the key resource of this era. Digitalization and widespread dissemination of ICT allow information to be obtained anywhere anytime. This has severe implications for individual lifestyles and everyday practices. Different aspects of living, learning and working are no longer bound to physical limitations but can be enhanced by or even transferred to the virtual space. So being on the move today means travelling in hybrid spaces. We call this the space and practice “en route”.
At the University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück we explore the following questions:
What does “en route” mean and look like in landscapes of higher education?
How is it perceived individually?
(How) can landscape architecture shape it?
Our transdisciplinary research project EN ROUTE aims to meet current challenges at universities (e.g. digitalisation, sustainable development) with a comprehensive understanding of space and practices “en route”. In a transdisciplinary process, researchers from various disciplines – landscape architecture, geography, urban planning, business administrations and marketing, energy technology and computer science – develop concepts and strategies for sustainable and digital mobility in the higher education sector. New “EN ROUTE” types provide insights into the individual production and utilization of spaces “en route”.
The campuses of the University of Applied Science Osnabrück as well as the virtual and physical space network of its members serve as research example. Initial findings will be presented at the conference. While the ECLAS conference in 1972 focused on physical scales, landscape architecture has to reflect them critically and ask: What could be an innovative understanding of spaces “en route”?
Einfluss einer Selen-Biofortifikation auf verschiedene Qualitätsparameter von Äpfeln (Abstract)
(2022)
Die bedarfsgerechte Versorgung von Legehennen mit Futterstruktur und Aminosäuren ist essentiell. Die Studie zeigte, dass auf Praxisbetrieben im ökologischen Landbau sowohl Abweichungen von den Bedarfswerten als auch Veränderungen der Futterzusammensetzungen im Verlauf von der Herstellung bis zum Trog vorlagen.