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In this study the effect of PEF pre-treatment on the microstructure of freeze-dried strawberry dices was investigated. The PEF treatment has been performed at an electric field intensity of 1.07 kV/cm and a specific energy input of 1 kJ/kg. The samples were freeze-dried at a temperature of 45 °C and a pressure of 1 mbar. The microstructure of dried material was evaluated by different physical and optical methods, such as SEM, μ-CT and thermogravimetry. Moreover, mechanical and acoustic properties as well as the colour of processed material have been analyzed. PEF pre-treated strawberry dices showed a more uniform shape, a better retention of volume and a visual better quality compared to untreated ones. Moreover, PEF pre-treatment led to a more homogeneous distribution and a greater thickness of pores. In accordance, analysis of textural properties evidenced that PEF treated freeze-dried strawberry dices were crispier than untreated ones. Measurement of L*a*b*-values showed that PEF treated material was characterized by a more preserved colour after freeze-drying than untreated ones.
The aim of the study was to examine different pH parameters, such as variations throughout the day, depending on differing concentrate feed proportions. Moreover, special attention was payed to individual variation in microbial efficiencies (microbial crude protein/fermented organic matter) and their relation to ruminal pH, nutrient flows and digestibilities. For this, cows were grouped according to microbial efficiency (more, n = 5, vs. less efficient cows, n = 4). After calving, thirteen ruminally cannulated pluriparous cows, including nine duodenally cannulated animals, were divided into groups offered rations with a lower (35% on dry matter basis, n = 7) or a higher (60% on dry matter basis, n = 6) concentrate feed proportion. Ruminal pH parameters were assessed continuously by using intraruminal probes. Nutrient flows, nutrient digestibility and microbial efficiency were determined for duodenally cannulated cows. For most ruminal pH parameters it seemed that individual variability was higher than the treatment effect. However, a positive relationship between actual concentrate intake and diurnal pH fluctuations was found. Besides, the effect of individually different microbial efficiencies was assessed. Again, there were no group differences for pH parameters. However, nutrient flows were significantly higher in more efficient cows, whereas digestibilities were lower in in more efficient cows.
Jede Ernährung hat Auswirkungen auf den Gesundheitszustand des Einzelnen, auf die Umwelt und auf soziale Belange. Eine wachsende Zahl von Mahlzeiten wird in der Außer-Haus-Verpflegung eingenommen, in der eine systematische Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung nicht zur gängigen Praxis gehört. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, wurde im Rahmen des NAHGAST-Projekts ein Instrument entwickelt. Nach mehr als einem Jahr des Einsatzes des NAHGAST-Online-Tools soll nun überprüft werden, welche positiven Umwelteinflüsse durch den Einsatz des Instruments realisiert werden können. Aus diesem Grund befasst sich dieser Artikel mit der Frage, ob ein Online-Tool Akteure aus dem Bereich des Außer-Haus-Verzehrs in die Lage versetzen kann, ihre Mahlzeiten im Hinblick auf Aspekte einer nachhaltigen Ernährung zu überarbeiten. Darüber hinaus wird die Frage beantwortet, wie sich konkrete Rezeptüberarbeitungen der beliebtesten Mittagsgerichte auf den materiellen Fußabdruck sowie auf den Carbon Footprint auswirken.
Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass ein Online-Tool individuelle Nachhaltigkeitspfade für Akteure im und ermöglicht eine eigenständige Rezeptüberarbeitung für bereits bestehende Gerichte. Mahlzeiten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bereits geringfügige Änderungen in den Rezepten zu Einsparungen von bis zu einem Drittel führen können beim CO2-Fußabdruck sowie beim Materialfußabdruck führen können. Bezogen auf den Außer-Haus-Verzehr Außer-Haus-Verzehr ergibt sich daraus das Potenzial für erhebliche Multiplikationseffekte, die den Weg für die Verbreitung von nachhaltiger Ernährung ebnen.
Quantitative Umweltbewertungen sind von entscheidender Bedeutung, wenn es darum geht, effektiv auf nachhaltige Produktions- und Verbrauchsmuster hinzuarbeiten. In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben sich Lebenszyklusanalysen (LCA) als praktikables Mittel zur Messung der Umweltauswirkungen von Produkten entlang der Lieferkette etabliert. In Bezug auf Nutzer- und Konsummuster wurden jedoch methodische Schwächen festgestellt, und es wurden mehrere Versuche unternommen, Ökobilanzen entsprechend zu verbessern, beispielsweise durch Einbeziehung von Effekten höherer Ordnung und verhaltenswissenschaftlicher Unterstützung. In einer Diskussion solcher Ansätze zeigen wir, dass den Konzepten des Verbrauchs keine explizite Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt wurde, was häufig zu produktzentrierten Bewertungen führt. Wir führen Theorien sozialer Praktiken ein, um Konsummuster für LCA zugänglich zu machen. Soziale Praktiken sind routinierte Handlungen, die aus miteinander verbundenen Elementen (Materialien, Kompetenzen und Bedeutungen) bestehen, die sie als eine Einheit denkbar machen (z. B. Kochen). Da die meisten sozialen Praktiken eine Art von Verbrauch (Material, Energie, Luft) beinhalten, konnten wir einen Rahmen entwickeln, der soziale Praktiken mit der Ökobilanz verbindet. Der vorgeschlagene Rahmen bietet eine neue Perspektive für quantitative Umweltbewertungen, indem er den Schwerpunkt von Produkten oder Nutzern auf soziale Praktiken verlagert. Dementsprechend sehen wir die Chance darin, die reduktionistische Sichtweise zu überwinden, dass Menschen nur Nutzer von Produkten sind, und sie stattdessen als Praktiker in sozialen Praktiken zu sehen. Dieser Wandel könnte neue Methoden der interdisziplinären Konsumforschung ermöglichen, die beabsichtigte Sozialwissenschaften und wirkungsorientierte Bewertungen einbeziehen. Allerdings bedarf der Rahmen einer weiteren Überarbeitung und vor allem einer empirischen Validierung.
Um die Milchviehhaltung gibt es seit einigen Jahren auch eine öffentliche Tierwohldiskussion. Zwei Aspekte sind dabei immer wieder Gegenstand der Debatte: Die Anbindehaltung und der Weidegang. Auf Basis von qualitativen Interviews mit zivilgesellschaftlichen Verbänden und landwirtschaftlichen Verbänden zum Thema Tierwohl in der Milchviehwirtschaft wurden die Einstellungen und die Argumentationsmuster beider Verbandsgruppen zu den Haltungsformen Weidegang und Anbindehaltung ergründet. Von Interesse ist dieser Vergleich, da im Rahmen öffentlich-medialer Kommunikation die Diskussionsfronten zwischen beiden Verbandsgruppen als verhärtet dargestellt werden. Die Analyse der Aussagen der qualitativen Interviewreihe dieser Studie erlaubt die begründete Annahme, dass beide Verbandsgruppen mit den Themenkomplexen Anbindehaltung und Weidehaltung in einem wissenschaftlich orientierten Kommunikationskontext differenziert umgehen. Eine klare Polarisierung der Einstellungen zwischen beiden Verbandsgruppen war im Rahmen dieser Gesprächsformen nicht wahrnehmbar.
Gebäude beanspruchen Ressourcen und verändern die Umwelt. Die Landwirtschaft benötigt oftmals großvolumige Gebäude. Eine nachhaltigere landwirtschaftliche Baukultur wäre deshalb begrüßenswert. Für das agrarische Bauen könnte eine verstärkte Verwendung des Rohstoffs Holz eine Perspektive darstellen. Holz überzeugt durch zahlreiche ökologische Vorteile wie die langfristige Kohlenstoffbindung oder eine einfache Recycelbarkeit. In Deutschland spielt Holz beim landwirtschaftlichen Bauen allerdings eine immer geringere Rolle. Diese Studie stellt Meinungsbilder deutscher LandwirtInnen zum Holzeinsatz beim Stallbau zusammen. Es wurden zehn Gruppendiskussionen zum Themenfeld landwirtschaftliche Baukultur in verschiedenen deutschen Schwerpunktregionen der Rinderhaltung gestaltet. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass die LandwirtInnen weitestgehend die optische Wirkung von Holz schätzen, aber häufig an der Dauerhaftigkeit von Holzställen zweifeln.
Objectives: Among varied challenges of COVID-19, challenges in food and nutrition security world-over are critical. We compared the nutritional policy responses in India and Germany since both countries differ on the Human Development Index, yet both have committed to the G20 common policy response to COVID-19, besides the comparability of two large and heterogeneously populated countries, both having democratic governments.
Methods: Policy research publications were reviewed using qualitative meta-policy approach. We used comparative case-study. Recent food and nutrition policies of G20 nations of India and Germany were evaluated.
Results: India has primarily targeted her public distribution system and Germany has primarily targeted her food markets in order to manage the food and nutrition security in response to COVID-19. Both countries are coordinating additional associated nutritional policies, policies and strategies to effect an integrated sectoral approach to COVID-19 management. Both are using corrective measures of the process management strategies as well. However, the Indian management of micronutrient security for her population has over COVID-19 times acerbated and the German loan management to nutrition and agricultural small-scale industry appears to be functioning sub-optimally.
Conclusions: Our analysis indicates both India and Germany have responded to COVID-19 in a timely and appropriate manner regarding the food and nutrition security measures. Even so not all measures employed to tackle COVID-19 food and nutrition security have been effectively implemented, It appears, that both countries are using integrated policy in their nutrition and food security response to COVID-19.
Background/Aim
This study aimed to establish the somatosensory profile of patients with lumbar radiculopathy at pre-and post-microdiscectomy and to explore any association between pre-surgical quantitative sensory test (QST) parameters and post-surgical clinical outcomes.
Methods
A standardized QST protocol was performed in 53 patients (mean age 38 ± 11 years, 26 females) with unilateral L5/S1 radiculopathy in the main pain area (MPA), affected dermatome and contralateral mirror sites and in age- and gender-,and body site-matched healthy controls. Repeat measures at 3 months included QST, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and numerous other clinical measures; at 12 months, only clinical measures were repeated. A change <30% on the ODI was defined as ‘no clinically meaningful improvement’.
Results
Patients showed a significant loss of function in their symptomatic leg both in the dermatome (thermal, mechanical, vibration detection p < .002), and MPA (thermal, mechanical, vibration detection, mechanical pain threshold, mechanical pain sensitivity p < .041) and increased cold sensitivity in the MPA (p < .001). Pre-surgical altered QST parameters improved significantly post-surgery in the dermatome (p < .018) in the symptomatic leg and in the MPA (p < .010), except for thermal detection thresholds and cold sensitivity. Clinical outcomes improved at 3 and 12 months (p < .001). Seven patients demonstrated <30% change on the ODI at 12 months. Baseline loss of function in mechanical detection in the MPA was associated with <30% change on the ODI at 12 months (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.09–6.37, p = .032).
Conclusion
Microdiscectomy resulted in improvements in affected somatosensory parameters and clinical outcomes. Pre-surgical mechanical detection thresholds may be predictive of clinical outcome.
Significance
This study documented quantitative sensory testing (QST) profiles in patients with lumbar radiculopathy in their main pain area (MPA) and dermatome pre- and post-microdiscectomy and explored associations between QST parameters and clinical outcome. Lumbar radiculopathy was associated with loss of function in modalities mediated by large and small sensory fibres. Microdiscectomy resulted in significant improvements in loss of function and clinical outcomes in 85% of our cohort. Pre-surgical mechanical detection thresholds in the MPA may be predictive of clinical outcome.
Abstract
Background
The clinical presentation of neck-arm pain is heterogeneous with varying underlying pain types (nociceptive/neuropathic/mixed) and pain mechanisms (peripheral/central sensitization). A mechanism-based clinical framework for spinally referred pain has been proposed, which classifies into (1) somatic pain, (2) neural mechanosensitivity, (3) radicular pain, (4) radiculopathy and mixed pain presentations. This study aims to (i) investigate the application of the clinical framework in patients with neck-arm pain, (ii) determine their somatosensory, clinical and psychosocial profile and (iii) observe their clinical course over time.
Method
We describe a study protocol. Patients with unilateral neck-arm pain (n = 180) will undergo a clinical examination, after which they will be classified into subgroups according to the proposed clinical framework. Standardized quantitative sensory testing (QST) measurements will be taken in their main pain area and contralateral side. Participants will have to complete questionnaires to assess function (Neck Disability Index), psychosocial factors (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Depression, anxiety and stress scale), neuropathic pain (Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions, PainDETECT Questionnaire) and central sensitization features (Central Sensitization Inventory). Follow-ups at three, six and 12 months include the baseline questionnaires. The differences of QST data and questionnaire outcomes between and within groups will be analyzed using (M)AN(C)OVA and/or regression models. Repeated measurement analysis of variance or a linear mixed model will be used to calculate the differences between three, six, and 12 months outcomes. Multiple regression models will be used to analyze potential predictors for the clinical course.
Conclusion
The rationale for this study is to assess the usability and utility of the proposed clinical framework as well as to identify possible differing somatosensory and psychosocial phenotypes between the subgroups. This could increase our knowledge of the underlying pain mechanisms. The longitudinal analysis may help to assess possible predictors for pain persistency.
The current narrative literature review aims to discuss clinical reasoning based on nociceptive pain mechanisms for determining the most appropriate assessment and therapeutic strategy and to identify/map the most updated scientific evidence in relation to physical therapy interventions for patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). We will also propose an algorithm for clinical examination and treatment decisions and a pain model integrating current knowledge of pain neuroscience. The clinical examination of patients with TMDs should be based on nociceptive mechanisms and include the potential identification of the dominant, central, or peripheral sensitization driver. Additionally, the musculoskeletal drivers of these sensitization processes should be assessed with the aim of reproducing symptoms. Therapeutic strategies applied for managing TMDs can be grouped into tissue-based impairment treatments (bottom-up interventions) and strategies targeting the central nervous system (top-down interventions). Bottom-up strategies include joint-, soft tissue-, and nerve-targeting interventions, as well as needling therapies, whereas top-down strategies include exercises, grade motor imagery, and also pain neuroscience education. Evidence shows that the effectiveness of these interventions depends on the clinical reasoning applied, since not all strategies are equally effective for the different TMD subgroups. In fact, the presence or absence of a central sensitization driver could lead to different treatment outcomes. It seems that multimodal approaches are more effective and should be applied in patients with TMDs. The current paper also proposes a clinical decision algorithm integrating clinical diagnosis with nociceptive mechanisms for the application of the most appropriate treatment approach.
Objectives
The aim of this Delphi survey was to establish an international consensus on the most useful outcome measures for research on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for migraine. This is important, since guidelines for pharmacological trials recommend measuring the frequency of headaches with 50% reduction considered a clinically meaningful effect. It is unclear whether the same recommendations apply to complementary (or adjunct) non-pharmacological approaches, whether the same cut-off levels need to be considered for effectiveness when used as an adjunct or stand-alone intervention, and what is meaningful to patients.
Setting
University-initiated international survey.
Participants
The expert panel was chosen based on publications on non-pharmacological interventions in migraine populations and from personal contacts. 35 eligible researchers were contacted, 12 agreed to participate and 10 completed all 3 rounds of the survey. To further explore how migraine patients viewed potential outcome measures, four migraine patients were interviewed and presented with the same measurement tools as the researchers.
Procedures
The initial Delphi round was based on a systematic search of the literature for outcome measures used in non-pharmacological interventions for headache. Suggested outcome measures were rated by each expert, blinded towards the other members of the panel, for its usefulness on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from definitely not useful to extremely useful. Results were combined using median values and IQRs. Tools rated overall as definitely or probably not useful were excluded from subsequent rounds. Experts further suggested additional outcome measures that were presented to the panel in subsequent rounds. Additionally, experts were asked to rank the most useful tools and provide information on feasible cut-off levels for effectiveness for the three highest ranked tools.
Results
Results suggest the use of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) and headache frequency as primary outcome measures. Patient experts suggested the inclusion of a measure of quality of life and evaluation of associated symptoms and fear of attacks.
Conclusions
Recommendations are for the use of the MIDAS, the HIT-6 and headache frequency, in combination with an outcome measure for quality of life. Associated symptoms and fear of attacks should also be considered as secondary outcomes, if relevant for the individual target population. The cut-off level for effectiveness should be lower for non-pharmacological interventions, especially when used as an adjunct to medication.
In der inklusiven Grundschule arbeiten zunehmend verschiedene Professionen, wie bspw. Lehrer*innen, Sonderpädagog*innen oder Schulsozialarbeiter*innen, interprofessionell zusammen. Dieser Wandel in schulischen Arbeitskontexten geht mit veränderten Professionalisierungsanforderungen für die Lehr- und Fachkräfte einher (vgl. Kleina & Tan, 2019, S. 63). Die Praxis interprofessioneller Kooperation in der inklusiven Grundschule ist dabei bisher nur in Teilfragen erforscht (vgl. Moldenhauer, 2019), kaum aber mit Blick auf die Erfahrungen und Erwartungen der pädagogischen Lehr- und Fachkräfte selbst. Hierzu werden Ergebnisse einer quantitativen Bedarfserhebung (N=271), welche im Rahmen des vom BMBF geförderten Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojektes InproKiG bei Lehrkräften und pädagogischen Fachkräften von Schulteams in Niedersachsen und Hessen durchgeführt wurde, vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse geben Aufschluss über die Entwicklung und Gestaltung von Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen in diesem Bereich. Neben der Qualifizierung der bereits tätigen Lehr- und Fachkräfte, kann das InproKiG-Manual auch in der Lehrer*innenausbildung eingesetzt werden.
Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie eine vertrauensvolle Zusammenarbeit mit der Ausgestaltung interprofessioneller Kooperationen von Lehr- und Fachkräften in Grundschulteams zusammenhängt. Zunächst wird die Bedeutung von Vertrauen in der Zusammenarbeit als Voraussetzung für interprofessionelle Kooperation behandelt und anschließend durch die Darstellung und Diskussion quantitativer Ergebnisse eines Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojektes zur interprofessionellen Kooperation in inklusiven Grundschulen konkretisiert. Die Studienergebnisse zeigen, dass die befragten Lehr- und Fachkräfte (n=208) enger und intensiver zusammenarbeiten, je stärker das Vertrauensniveau im Kollegium ausgeprägt ist. Schlussfolgernd sollten Fort- und Weiterbildungsangebote für Lehr- und Fachkräfte inklusiver Grundschulen auch die Entwicklung, Aufrechterhaltung und Intensivierung einer vertrauensvollen interprofessionellen Kooperation unterstützen.
Im Rahmen eines Unterauftrags durch die Universität Bremen, die vom Verein Geschäftsstelle Qualitätsausschuss Pflege e.V. mit der Entwicklung eines wissenschaftlich fundierten Verfahrens zur einheitlichen Bemessung des Personalbedarfs in Pflegeeinrichtungen nach qualitativen und quantitativen Maßstäben nach § 113c SGB XI beauftragt wurde, hat die Hochschule Osnabrück Personalfragen in der ambulanten Pflege untersucht.
Background
Diabetes mellitus is a major global health issue with a growing prevalence. In this context, the number of diabetic complications is also on the rise, such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), which are closely linked to the risk of lower extremity amputation (LEA). Statistical prediction tools may support clinicians to initiate early tertiary LEA prevention for DFU patients. Thus, we designed Bayesian prediction models, as they produce transparent decision rules, quantify uncertainty intuitively and acknowledge prior available scientific knowledge.
Method
A logistic regression using observational collected according to the standardised PEDIS classification was utilised to compute the six-month amputation risk of DFU patients for two types of LEA: 1.) any-amputation and 2.) major-amputation. Being able to incorporate information which is available before the analysis, the Bayesian models were fitted following a twofold strategy. First, the designed prediction models waive the available information and, second, we incorporated the a priori available scientific knowledge into our models. Then, we evaluated each model with respect to the effect of the predictors and validity of the models. Next, we compared the performance of both models with respect to the incorporation of prior knowledge.
Results
This study included 237 patients. The mean age was 65.9 (SD 12.3), and 83.5% were male. Concerning the outcome, 31.6% underwent any- and 12.2% underwent a major-amputation procedure. The risk factors of perfusion, ulcer extent and depth revealed an impact on the outcomes, whereas the infection status and sensation did not. The major-amputation model using prior information outperformed the uninformed counterpart (AUC 0.765 vs AUC 0.790, Cohen’s d 2.21). In contrast, the models predicting any-amputation performed similarly (0.793 vs 0.790, Cohen’s d 0.22).
Conclusions
Both of the Bayesian amputation risk models showed acceptable prognostic values, and the major-amputation model benefitted from incorporating a priori information from a previous study. Thus, PEDIS serves as a valid foundation for a clinical decision support tool for the prediction of the amputation risk in DFU patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated the use of the available prior scientific information within a Bayesian framework to establish chains of knowledge.
Introduction: Handovers are a central process for ensuring information continuity in patient care and, therefore, possess a major influence on patient safety as errors due to poor handovers can lead to life-threatening events. Education to improve handovers and ensure safe patient care can be supported by using critical incident reporting systems (CIRS). The aim of the study is to perform a content analysis of a national CIRS-database with regard to identifying adverse events in handovers situations and to derive competencies for the development of continuing education from these findings.
Methods: A meta model served as a research framework to merge the empirical findings with the London protocol of analysing critical events and the Canadian framework of safety competencies. Relevant cases to be investigated were searched in a freely accessible German CIRS database.
Results: A total of 253 case descriptions were found and analysed. Team factors emerged as the most frequently reported influencing factors following the analysis of the London protocol. Communication errors and missing information as well as a lack of appropriate standards and processes appeared to be the main reasons for critical events to occur. Most of the events happened in units involving surgery and intensive care. A mapping of patient safety competences with the reasons for critical events was conducted in order to determine the practical, concrete and handover related competencies.
Conclusion: Data from a CIRS database and theoretical frameworks can be combined to extract meaningful information about patient safety risks in handover situations. The results are useful for developing curricula to improve handovers based on patient safety competencies.
Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the malignant diseases with the highest cancer-specific mortality. At the time of diagnosis, life expectancy is often already very limited, as it is usually discovered late and in an advanced stage. Coping with cancer is a complex process. Coping strategies of patients with pancreatic cancer probably differ from those of other malignancies. Yet to date, there exists no pancreatic cancer-specific coping model.
Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to explore and characterize the academic literature related to coping processes in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Methods/Design: The JBI's three-step search strategy, combined with the Arksey and O'Malley framework, will be used to identify articles via PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CAMbase, CareLit, CC Med, Scopus, and PsycARTICLES (Arksey & O'Malley, 2005; Peters et al., 2017). It follows the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews (Tricco et al., 2018). Primary and secondary studies and reviews which report on coping with pancreatic cancer (adenocarcinoma) in adults in English or German language will be included in this scoping review, regardless of publication date or study design.
Discussion: This scoping review will add new insights on coping with pancreatic cancer by summarizing current knowledge, and identifying research
Studiengänge zur Versorgungsforschung in Deutschland : aktueller Stand und zukünftige Perspektiven
(2020)
Ziel der Studie: Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, die derzeit akkreditierten Versorgungsforschungsstudiengänge in Deutschland im Hinblick auf ihre Strukturdaten und Inhalte zu analysieren.
Methodik: Im Rahmen eines deskriptiven qualitativen Designs wurden die aktuellen Studienverlaufspläne, die Modulhandbücher und die Steckbriefe akkreditierter Masterstudiengänge der Versorgungsforschung inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse: Die 6 analysierten Studiengänge zeigen sich hinsichtlich ihrer strukturellen Merkmale und lehr-lerninhaltlichen Ausrichtung in den wesentlichen Punkten als homogen. Ziel aller Studiengänge ist es, fach- und disziplinübergreifende personale und soziale Kompetenzen zu fördern, um Versorgungsbedarfe im Gesundheitswesen zu identifizieren, Innovationen der Versorgung zu entwickeln, zu initiieren, zu evaluieren und kritisch zu reflektieren.
Schlussfolgerungen: Trotz ähnlicher Lehr-Lerninhalte bestehen spezifische Ausrichtungen, für die sich die Studierenden vor dem Hintergrund ihrer individuellen Präferenzen entscheiden können. Diese Ergebnisse könnten unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Diskurse und weiterer Erkenntnisse als Grundlage für Empfehlungen zur Entwicklung eines Kerncurriculums dienen.
Vanadium carbide (VC) reinforced FeCrVC hardfacings have become important to improving the lifetime of tools suffering abrasive and impressive loads. This is because the microstructural properties of such hardfacings enable the primary VCs to act as obstacles against the penetrating abrasive. Because dilution is supposed to be the key issue influencing the precipitation behaviour of primary carbides during surfacing, the development of deposit welding processes exhibiting a reduced thermal impact, and hence lower dilution to the base material, is the primary focus of the current research. By inserting an additional hot wire in the melt, an approach was developed to separate the material and energy input during gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and hence realised low dilution claddings. The carbide content could be increased, and a grain refinement was observed compared with conventional GMAW. These effects could be attributed to both the reduced dilution and heterogeneous nucleation.
Career Decisions of Indian Female Talent: Implications for Gender-sensitive Talent Management
(2020)
Purpose: Talent scarcity in emerging economies such as India poses challenges for companies,and limited labour market participation among well-educated women has been observed. The reasons that professionals decide not to pursue a further corporate career remain unclear. By investigating career decision making, this article aims to highlight (1) the contextual factors that impact those decisions, (2) individuals’ agency to handle them, and (3) the implications for talent management (TM).
Design/methodology/approach: Following a qualitative research design, computer-aided analysis was conducted on interviews with 24 internationally experienced Indian business professionals. A novel application of neo-institutionalism in the Indian context was combined with the family-relatedness of work decisions (FRWD) model.
Findings: Career decisions indicate that rebellion against Indian societal and family expectations is essential to following a career path, especially for women. TM as part of the current institutional framework serves as a legitimising façade veiling traditional practices that hinder females’ careers.
Research limitations: Interviewees adopted a retrospective perspective when describing their career decisions; therefore, different views might have existed at the moment of decision making.
Practical implications: Design and implementation of gender-sensitive TM adjusted to fit the specific Indian context can contribute to retaining female talent in companies and the labour market.
Originality/value: The importance of gender-sensitive TM can be concluded from an empirical study of the context-based career decision making of experienced business professionals from India. The synthesis of neo-institutionalism, the FRWD model and the research results provides assistance in mapping talent experiences and implications for overcoming the challenges of talent scarcity in India.
Editorial
(2020)