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The well-documented social gradient in health in the developed world will not just disappear on its own. Tackling health inequalities by introducing a universal coverage healthcare system recently became an important notion in the U.S. Using cross-sectional data from Germany which has maintained its compulsory egalitarian healthcare system for more than 50 years now, we apply logistic and negative binomial regression to uncover utilisation behaviour patterns under universal coverage. We find that lower education and unemployment raise the risks for all diseases under consideration. Unemployment increases the chance of contacting a physician, while income and education do not apparently affect the healthcare utilisation behaviour. Those diseases concentrated among unemployed and less educated, however, are associated with intensified healthcare utilisation. We conclude that universal coverage may make access to health care easier for those facing the worst health; the unemployed and lower educated.
Highlights • We investigate how peer learning impacts elite footballers' performance. • We interview twelve elite footballers from German Bundesliga clubs. • Our findings highlight that peers are important knowledge sources in football. • Knowledge sharing positively impacts elite players' development and performance. • The findings call for management tactics to use this untapped potential. Abstract This research focuses on coworker learning and knowledge sharing amongst elite footballers. The authors provide an in-depth understanding on how elite footballers learn from their peers and which channels are used to share their knowledge. The authors also analyze how peer learning impacts an elite footballer's development and performance and to what extent elite football clubs actively support peer learning. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 elite footballers from first and second division German Bundesliga clubs. The findings demonstrate that peers are very important sources of knowledge for elite footballers. There are four main knowledge sharing channels: observing/imitating, peer exchange/peer communication, labor mobility and knowledge brokers. The findings highlight the positive impact of knowledge sharing on elite players' development and performance and call for future (knowledge) management tactics to specifically use this untapped potential.
Crashkurs Personalpsychologie : organisations- und arbeitspsychologische Grundlagen für die Praxis
(2021)
Psychologische Aspekte können einen großen Teil dazu beitragen, Personalarbeit effektiver und besser zu gestalten. Grundlagen in personalpsychologischen Gebieten können dabei unterstützen, effizienter Qualitätskriterien in der Personalauswahl zu treffen, zielführende Testverfahren zu entwickeln, soziale Kompetenzen besser einschätzen und fördern zu können sowie die Arbeitszufriedenheit zu messen. Dieses Buch ist eine Einführung in das weite Feld der Personalpsychologie und möchte in einfacher Sprache zeigen, wie man diese theoretischen Überlegungen in der Praxis anwenden kann. Dabei gilt es auch, unseriöse Methodiken zu kritisieren, die gerade in populären Medien große Beliebtheit erfahren, aber nicht zielführend sind.
In this paper we want to review and discuss research on the effects of occupational health management activities and services on different outcomes like employee health and well-being or absenteeism and other economic outcomes. In part I we outline goals and functions of occupational health management (OHM), then characterize typical occupational health promotion interventions and describe principles for implementing and organizing OHM. Part II focuses on different OHM activities and services such as creating healthy and safe workplace, reducing work-family conflicts, providing counselling via employee assistance programs and implementing health circles or stress management interventions. We will also discuss intervention design and sample studies as well as meta-analytic data relating to the effectiveness of these interventions. Finally, part III is about the economic impact of OHM. Findings from a management evaluation approach for OHM will be discussed. Then we will concentrate especially on data linking health promotion interventions to absenteeism and financial outcomes expressed as cost savings or cost-benefit ratios. The concluding part summarizes key findings of this paper.
The conservation of freshwater ecosystems has lagged behind that of marine and terrestrial ecosystems and often requires the integration of large-scale approaches and transboundary considerations. This study aims to set the foundations of a spatial conservation strategy by identifying the most important catchments for the conservation of freshwater biodiversity in Europe.
Using data on 1296 species of fish, mollusc, odonate and aquatic plant, and the key biodiversity area criteria (species Red List status, range restriction and uniqueness of species assemblages), we identified a network of Critical Catchments for the conservation of freshwater biodiversity. Applying spatial prioritisation, we show how the prioritised network differs from the ideal case of protecting all Critical Catchments and how it changes when protected areas are included, and we also identify gaps between the prioritised network and existing protected areas.
Critical Catchments (n = 8423) covered 45% of the area of Europe, with 766 qualifying (‘trigger’) species located primarily in southern Europe. The prioritised network, limited to 17% of the area of Europe, comprised 3492 catchments mostly in southern and eastern Europe and species targets were met for at least 96% of the trigger species.
We found the majority of Critical Catchments to be inadequately covered by protected areas. However, our prioritised network presents a possible solution to augment protected areas to meet policy targets while also achieving good species coverage.
Policy implications. While Critical Catchments cover almost half of Europe, priority catchments are mostly in southern and eastern Europe where the current level of protection is not sufficient. This study presents a foundation for a Europe-wide systematic conservation plan to ensure the persistence of freshwater biodiversity. Our study provides a powerful new tool for optimising investment on the conservation of freshwater biodiversity and for meeting targets set forth in international biodiversity policies, conventions and strategies.
HRM processes are increasingly AI-driven, and HRM supports the general digital transformation of companies’ viable competitiveness. This paper points out possible positive and negative effects on HRM, workplaces, and workersorganizations along the HR processes and its potential for competitive advantage in regard to managerial decisions on AI implementation regarding augmentation and automation of work.
A systematic literature review that includes 62 international journals across different disciplines and contains top-tier academic and German practitioner journals was conducted. The literature analysis applies the resource-based view (RBV) as a lens through which to explore AI-driven HRM as a potential source of organizational capabilities.
The analysis shows four ambiguities for AI-driven HRM that might support sustainable company development or might prevent AI application: job design, transparency, performance and data ambiguity. A limited scholarly discussion with very few empirical studies can be stated. To date, research has mainly focused on HRM in general, recruiting, and HR analytics in particular.
The four ambiguities’ context-specific potential for capability building in firms is indicated, and research avenues are developed.
This paper critically explores AI-driven HRM and structures context-specific potential for capability building along four ambiguities that must be addressed by HRM to strategically contribute to an organization’s competitive advantage.
BACKGROUND: The Craniofacial Pain and Disability Inventory (CF-PDI) is a cross-culturally adapted instrument designed from a biopsychosocial perspective to measure pain, disability, and function in orofacial head and neck pain with shown psychometric properties; however, the German cross-cultural adaption is lacking.
OBJECTIVES: To carry out a transcultural translation of CF-PDI into German and assess its psychometric properties in patients with painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD) with respect to construct and clinical validity, internal consistency and reproducibility.
STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional design.
SETTING: Patients (n = 398) were recruited from dental and physical therapy clinics in middle and south Germany.
METHODS: Structural validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We investigated know-group validity by means of the scale’s potential to discriminate between affected and unaffected subjects. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate convergent validity. We tested test-retest reliability by the intraclass correlation coefficient and the Internal consistency by Cronbach’s alpha, or each dimension separately, and the total score. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate convergent validity.
RESULTS: Two hundred forty-six heterogeneous chronic craniofacial pain patients and 152 patients without complaints were recruited from the middle and south of Germany. The German version CF-PDI-G presents 21 items, 4 factors, and adequate psychometric properties. The test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the CF-PDI-G were both excellent for the entire instrument and also for all sub-scales (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.90) except for the comorbidities and interference with work which was acceptable (ICC = 0.69). Standard error of the measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change values are sufficiently low. Assessment of clinical validity shows good potential of discrimination and classification into categories “no,” “mild,” “moderate,” and “severe.” The multiple linear regression model showed a strong association between neck disability index, Visual Analog Scale, and anamnestic questionnaire (supporting the scale’s convergent validity).
LIMITATIONS: Our sample has a higher prevalence of women and the sample was not recruited consecutively, which may lead to a biased estimation of psychometric properties.
CONCLUSIONS: The CF-PDI-G represents valid and reliable instrument to assess pain and disability in patients with orofacial pain and headache suitable for research and clinical practice.