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Basics of Accounting targets students in international business study programs. It covers the widely applied syllabus of Accounting at universities on bachelor’s and master’s level. In this book, the application of the methods comes first. The Basics teach how to do Accounting by a case study based approach. All cases were taken from former exam papers at international universities and calculated completely and illustrated understandably.
Bookkeeping and Financial Accounting covers the preparation of financial statements based on IFRS. Bookkeeping is taught as far as it is required for the understanding by managers – more formal aspects about how to keep financial records are cut short to the minimum.
In Germany, a lot of young children at risk of language difficulties still go undetected or are not assessed before preschool-age. For children where parents may suspect a disorder, this practice causes a lot of emotional distress alongside lost time for intervention. Thus, what contribution can parents and nursery staff make for the earlier detection of language difficulties? 34 children from four German kindergartens were tested with a standardized preschool screening for language problems by an SLT. Parents and nursery staff completed a questionnaire (FEE 3-4) that was designed to collect potential risk-factors and included the rating of children’s abilities across the main language domains. Outcomes from the FEE 3-4 were compared between parents and nursery staff as well as triangulated with results from the standardized screening. Agreement between parents and nursery staff re. individual children’s potential language difficulties was moderate (Kappa = 0.44, p = .050). Overall, nursery staff rated children’s language abilities more strictly and precisely than parents. Especially their rating of ‘word order’ (p = .022) and ‘verb endings’ contributed significantly to the identification of potential language difficulties similar to the standardized screening. The screening identified two children at risk without caregiver's concern, but not two others who were at risk of language disorder and for whom caregivers expressed concern. Caregiver’s awareness of early language difficulties appears to be rather intuitive. Young children at risk are most reliably detected if standardized instruments are used in combination with caregiver questionnaires. Ideally, this process includes data from parents and nursery staff to be interpreted by an experienced SLT, as the use of a standardized screening alone may lead to missed or mistaken identification where essential information about the child’s environment (e.g. risk factors) is not provided. If parents are concerned about children’s language, full assessment is clearly justified.
Objectives: The aims of this study were to define the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) and Color Analog Scale (CAS) scores associated with no pain, mild pain, moderate pain, and severe pain in children with acute pain, and to identify differences based on age, sex, and ethnicity.
Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in 2 pediatric emergency departments of children aged 4 to 17 years with painful and nonpainful conditions. We assessed their pain intensity using the FPS-R, CAS, and qualitative measures. Pain score cut points that best differentiated adjacent categories of pain were identified using a receiver operating characteristic-based method. Cut points were compared within subgroups based on age, sex, and ethnicity.
Results: We enrolled 620 patients, of whom 314 had painful conditions. The mean age was 9.2 years; 315 (50.8%) were in the younger age group (aged 4-7 years); 291 (46.8%) were female; and 341 (55%) were Hispanic. The scores best representing categories of pain for the FPS-R were as follows: no pain, 0 and 2; mild pain, 4; moderate pain, 6; and severe pain, 8 and 10. For the CAS, these were 0 to 1, 1.25 to 2.75, 3 to 5.75, and 6 to 10, respectively. Children with no pain frequently reported nonzero pain scores. There was considerable overlap of scores associated with mild and moderate pain. There were no clinically meaningful differences of scores representing each category of pain based on age, ethnicity, and race.
Conclusions: We defined pain scores for the FPS-R and CAS associated with categories of pain intensity in children with acute pain that are generalizable across subgroups based on patient characteristics. There were minor but potentially important differences in pain scores used to delineate categories of pain intensity compared to prior convention.
The demographic shift in the age structure has the effects that many ageing employees work in organisations. Migration can slow down the ageing of population but could not stop it. More and more people with immigration background work in organisations. Therefore, the question is, whether diversity sensitive attitudes count for all diversity aspects. The central aim of the study is to deal with the problem fields of multicultural teamwork. Thereby, the focus is on the collaboration of employees with and without immigration background. The interviews with employees with and without an immigra-tion background of various company branches were conducted. The results show that employees with an immigration background have more contact and feel comfortable with persons from different cultures than employees without an immigration back-ground. The qualitative analysis indicates that there is a high need of competence devel-opment, especially intercultural and social competences in organisations. The results of the study reveal that personality traits and characteristics of employees play a role to what extent they accept diversity and are willing to work with persons from another culture. Age is not important regarding intercultural competence development.
The establishment of successful clinical information logistics (CIL) within the care processes is one of the main objectives of strategic health IT management in hospitals. While technical realisations in terms of useful, usable and interoperable IT solutions are essential precursors of CIL, there is limited empirical research on what socio-organisational factors underlie an innovation-friendly culture and how they can affect successful information provision. We applied factor analysis on survey data from 403 clinical directors from Germany, Austria and Switzerland and used the dimensions identified to explain the level of CIL with ordered logistic regression analysis. The intensity of collaboration and exchange with the IT department as well as the degree of executive IT leadership showed to be strongly associated with better CIL while personal views and attitudes of clinical directors were not. Analysing country differences revealed the degree of the exchange with the IT department to be significantly lower in German hospitals. This points at a potential strategic lever for German hospital executives to focus on.
Entrapment neuropathies are the most prevalent type of peripheral neuropathy and often a challenge to diagnose and treat. To a large extent, our current knowledge is based on empirical concepts and early (often biomechanical) studies. This Viewpoint will challenge some of the current beliefs with recent advances in both basic and clinical neurosciences.
This prospective longitudinal study aims at better understanding eHealth success factors in different European nations, esp. the role of eHealth-legislation in Switzerland and Germany. Qualitative interviews with 39 matched experts from a large variety of institutions in both nations were conducted. The individual statements in the interviews and the overall satisfaction rating indicate a clear trend for a more optimistic attitude towards the law in Switzerland than in Germany. This result is not surprising given the history of a telematics infrastructure in Germany. Cross-country learning topics for German politicians are the inclusion of the inpatient sector and the focus on one major application. In a next step, interview results from Austria will be included and with that the scope of study findings enriched.
The distribution of a species along a thermal gradient is commonly approximated by a unimodal response curve, with a characteristic single optimum near the tempera‐ture where a species is most likely to be found, and a decreasing probability of occur‐rence away from the optimum. We aimed at identifying thermal response curves (TRCs) of European freshwater species and evaluating the potential impact of climate warming across species, taxonomic groups, and latitude. We first applied generalized additive models using catchment‐scale global data on distribution ranges of 577 freshwater species native to Europe and four different temperature variables (the current annual mean air/water temperature and the maximum air/water temperature of the warmest month) to describe species TRCs. We then classified TRCs into one of eight curve types and identified spatial patterns in thermal responses. Finally, we in‐tegrated empirical TRCs and the projected geographic distribution of climate warm‐ing to evaluate the effect of rising temperatures on species’ distributions. For the different temperature variables, 390–463 of 577 species (67.6%–80.2%) were char‐acterized by a unimodal TRC. The number of species with a unimodal TRC decreased from central toward northern and southern Europe. Warming tolerance (WT = maxi‐mum temperature of occurrence—preferred temperature) was higher at higher lati‐tudes. Preferred temperature of many species is already exceeded. Rising temperatures will affect most Mediterranean species. We demonstrated that fresh‐water species’ occurrence probabilities are most frequently unimodal. The impact of the global climate warming on species distributions is species and latitude depend‐ent. Among the studied taxonomic groups, rising temperatures will be most detri‐mental to fish. Our findings support the efforts of catchment‐based freshwater management and conservation in the face of global warming.
Going Mobile : An Empirical Model for Explaining Successful Information Logistics in Ward Rounds
(2018)
Background: Medical ward rounds are critical focal points of inpatient care that call for uniquely flexible solutions to provide clinical information at the bedside. While this fact is undoubted, adoption rates of mobile IT solutions remain rather low.
Objectives: Our goal was to investigate if and how mobile IT solutions influence successful information provision at the bedside, i.e. clinical information logistics, as well as to shed light at socio-organizational factors that facilitate adoption rates from a user-centered perspective.
Methods: Survey data were collected from 373 medical and nursing directors of German, Austrian and Swiss hospitals and analyzed using variance-based Structural Equation Modelling (SEM).
Results: The adoption of mobile IT solutions explains large portions of clinical information logistics and is in itself associated with an organizational culture of innovation and end user participation.
Conclusion: Results should encourage decision makers to understand mobility as a core constituent of information logistics and thus to promote close end-user participation as well as to work towards building a culture of innovation.