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Our world and our lives are changing in many ways. Communication, networking, and computing technologies are among the most influential enablers that shape our lives today. Digital data and connected worlds of physical objects, people, and devices are rapidly changing the way we work, travel, socialize, and interact with our surroundings, and they have a profound impact on different domains,such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, urban systems, and control and management applications, among several other areas. Cities currently face an increasing demand for providing services that can have an impact on people’s everyday lives. The CityPulse framework supports smart city service creation by means of a distributed system for semantic discovery, data analytics, and interpretation of large-scale (near-)real-time Internet of Things data and social media data streams. To goal is to break away from silo
applications and enable cross-domain data integration. The CityPulse framework integrates multimodal, mixed quality, uncertain and incomplete data to create reliable, dependable information and continuously adapts data processing techniques to meet the quality of information requirements from end users. Different than existing solutions that mainly offer unified views of the data, the CityPulse framework is also equipped with powerful data analytics modules that perform intelligent data aggregation, event detection, quality
assessment, contextual filtering, and decision support. This paper presents the framework, describes ist components, and demonstrates how they interact to support easy development of custom-made applications for citizens. The benefits and the effectiveness of the framework are demonstrated in a use-case scenario
implementation presented in this paper.
The conservation of freshwater ecosystems has lagged behind that of marine and terrestrial ecosystems and often requires the integration of large-scale approaches and transboundary considerations. This study aims to set the foundations of a spatial conservation strategy by identifying the most important catchments for the conservation of freshwater biodiversity in Europe.
Using data on 1296 species of fish, mollusc, odonate and aquatic plant, and the key biodiversity area criteria (species Red List status, range restriction and uniqueness of species assemblages), we identified a network of Critical Catchments for the conservation of freshwater biodiversity. Applying spatial prioritisation, we show how the prioritised network differs from the ideal case of protecting all Critical Catchments and how it changes when protected areas are included, and we also identify gaps between the prioritised network and existing protected areas.
Critical Catchments (n = 8423) covered 45% of the area of Europe, with 766 qualifying (‘trigger’) species located primarily in southern Europe. The prioritised network, limited to 17% of the area of Europe, comprised 3492 catchments mostly in southern and eastern Europe and species targets were met for at least 96% of the trigger species.
We found the majority of Critical Catchments to be inadequately covered by protected areas. However, our prioritised network presents a possible solution to augment protected areas to meet policy targets while also achieving good species coverage.
Policy implications. While Critical Catchments cover almost half of Europe, priority catchments are mostly in southern and eastern Europe where the current level of protection is not sufficient. This study presents a foundation for a Europe-wide systematic conservation plan to ensure the persistence of freshwater biodiversity. Our study provides a powerful new tool for optimising investment on the conservation of freshwater biodiversity and for meeting targets set forth in international biodiversity policies, conventions and strategies.
Convergence processes are based on the activity of distinct industry sectors showing cross-industry collaborations. The aim of this paper is to analyze cross-industry collaborations between the food and pharmaceutical sectors in the convergence area of functional foods. Selected companies from food (Nestlé/Danone) and pharmaceutical (Martek/Bayer HealthCare) sectors are analyzed using the determinants of motivation and industrial scope. The analysis shows that food companies are more active in cross-industry collaborations than pharmaceutical companies. The latter are more active at the front-end of the value chain focusing on research and development, and delivering their ingredients to food companies that due to their higher expertise in consumer marketing launch the products. While the first cross-industry collaborations were based on an exploration motivation, those that follow focus on exploitation. Acquisitions and licensing agreements are dominant in inside-out and outside-in processes, whereas strategic alliances and joint ventures are based on a coupled process between the food and pharmaceutical sectors.
The aim of this paper is to advance the research on innovation at the pharma-nutrition interface by analysing the three steps of science, technology and market convergence in the area of probiotics using a life cycle perspective. Results from a bibliometric analysis drawing upon 8245 scientific publications, 2082 patents and 1357 news reports focussing on product launch announcements from 1990 up to 2009 indicate that the proposed curve shapes of the life cycles in the theory based framework can be transferred to the case of probiotics. There is a time shift considering the life cycles showing the same activities of the industrial sectors at different moments of time. The food sector dominates the field of probiotics by driving science, technology and market convergence showing earlier activities in scientific publications, patents as well as product launches, while presenting a higher clockspeed between the different life cycle phases. While the food sector dominates product launches for food products containing probiotics, the pharmaceutical sector dominates the product launches of the supplement market. In addition, a clear trend towards industry convergence can be identified by the growing number of cross-industry activities.
Die Digitalisierung soll die Energieversorgung effizienter und flexibler machen. Künftige Lösungen müssen vor allem die fluktuierende Erzeugung und den Verbrauch in Einklang bringen – ggf. unter Einbeziehung von Energiespeichern. Ein wichtiger Baustein auf diesem Weg ist nach Ansicht des Gesetzgebers die Einführung einer neuen Mess- und Kommunikationsinfrastruktur. Mit dem Gesetz zur Digitalisierung der Energiewende ist nun die rechtliche Basis für den verpflichtenden Einbau von intelligenten Messsystemen (Smart Meter) gelegt worden. Diese Geräte sollen Verbraucher präzise über den eigenen Stromverbrauch informieren, variable Tarife ermöglichen und als Kommunikationsplattform im intelligenten Energienetz dienen. Der Beitrag analysiert nach einem kurzen Überblick über die Bedeutung und Entwicklung des Smart Metering (I.) die grundlegenden Neuerungen des Rechtsrahmens zum Messstellenbetrieb (II.). Auf dieser Grundlage werden die Regelungen einer kritischen Würdigung unterzogen (III.). Ein Fazit schließt diesen Beitrag ab (IV.).
Suicide is a major cause of death in adulthood and specifically in patients suffering from mental illnesses. The Depressive Symptom Inventory Suicidality Subscale (DSI-SS) is widely used to detect and prevent suicidal ideation. The aim of the present study was to determine optimal cut points for the DSI-SS in different populations.
We analysed the data of one population-based sample (n = 532), one outpatient sample (n = 180) and one inpatient sample (n = 244). Internal consistency, convergent validity and optimal cut points according to receiver operating characteristics were calculated.
In all samples, we found excellent item-total correlations and internal consistencies for the DSI-SS. Zero-order correlations between the DSI-SS and theoretically related constructs showed positive correlation coefficients, ranging from 0.50 to 0.67. The DSI-SS differentiated well between patients with and without suicide attempts in the population-based sample, but less so in the inpatient sample and only marginally in the outpatient sample. A bootstrapping analysis showed some variability in the cut points that emerged as optimal, but there was no overlap between the different samples.
The specific cut points that we identified may be used to improve the diagnostic utility of the DSI-SS and the chance to detect suicidal ideation.
Angelehnt an den Pädagogischen Doppeldecker (Wahl, 2011, S. 291), der die Kongruenz von
Handlungs- und Reflexionsebenen in vergleichbaren Lehr-Lern-Situationen an Schule und
Hochschule in Hinblick auf pädagogische Kontexte nutzt, schlägt der Autor als Erweiterungs-
form dieses Konzepts den Berufsdidaktischen Dreidecker vor, der zusätzlich den Aspekt der
nicht-pädagogischen, beruflichen Arbeit bzw. betriebliche (Ausbildungs-)Kontexte einbe-
zieht.