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Social determinants of health that influence the healthy living process in a vulnerable community
(2016)
In this article, we build on Stigler and Becker’s (1977) “consumption capitaltheory” and propose a novel conceptualization of film quality for the analysisof motion picture franchises. Generally, this theorypredicts that the utilityconsumers derive from a particular goodor service increases with prior con-sumption. We test our theoretical conjectures by drawing on the population ofsequels that were running in the US between 1992 and 2011. The empiricalresults point to the explanatory power of the proposed framework. Filmexecutives may use our findings to improve the profitability of their sequelproductions. From a theoretical point of view, consumption capital theoryallows for a more refined analysis of sequel performance along differentdimensions. Moreover, it may provide a fruitful basis for the analysis of otherserial media content, including books, TV, music, and games.
Background: Clinical information logistics is the backbone of care workflows inside and outside of hospitals. Due to the great potential of health IT to support clinical processes its contribution needs to be regularly monitored and governed. IT benchmarks are a well-known instrument to optimise the availability and use of IT by guiding the decision making process. The aim of this study was to translate IT benchmarking results that were grounded on a hierarchical workflow scoring system into an appropriate visualisation concept.
Methods: To this end, a three-dimensional multi-level model was developed, which allowed the decomposition of the highly aggregated workflow composite score into score views for the individual clinical workflows concerned and for the descriptors of these workflows. Furthermore this multi-level model helped to break down the score views into single and multiple indicator views.
Results: The results could be visualised per hospital in comparison to the results of organisations of similar size and ownership (peer reference groups) and in comparison to different types of innovation adopters. The multi-level model was implemented in a benchmark of 199 hospitals and evaluated by the chief information officers. The evaluation resulted in high ratings for the comprehensibility of the different types of views of the scores and indicators.
Conclusions: The implementation of the multi-level model in a large benchmark of hospitals proved to be feasible and useful in terms of the overall structure and the different indicator views. There seems to be a preference for less complex and familiar views.
Background: The majority of health IT adoption research focuses on the later stages of the IT adoption process: namely on the implementation phase. The first stage, however, which is defined as the knowledge-stage, remains widely unobserved. Following Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI) this paper presents a research framework to examine the possible lack of shared IT awareness-knowledge, i.e. an information gradient, of two crucial stakeholders, the Chief Information Officer (CIO) and the Director of Nursing (DoN). This study shall answer the following research questions: (1.) Does this gradient exist? (2.) Which direction does it have? (3.) Are certain health IT (HIT) attributes associated with a potential gradient? (4.) Which determinants of diffusion go along with this gradient?
Method: Results of two surveys that focused on the topic “IT support of clinical workflows” from the viewpoint of CIOs and DoNs with corresponding datasets from 75 hospitals were used in a secondary data analysis. The gradient was operationalised by measuring the disagreement of CIOs and DoNs on the availability and implementation status of 29 IT functions. HIT attributes tested were relevance and market penetration of the IT functions, determinants of diffusion were inter-professional leadership and IT service density.
Results: The analysis revealed a significant disagreement on the availability of 9 out of 29 HIT functions. In 23 HIT functions, the CIOs reported a higher implementation status than the DoNs, which pointed to a trend for a unidirectional gradient. The disagreement was significantly lower when the relevance of the IT function was high. Both determinants of diffusion correlated significantly negative with the degree of disagreement.
Conclusion: This is the first study to empirically examine shared awareness-knowledge of two IT-stakeholders that are crucial for triggering IT adoption on the frontline level in hospitals. It could be shown that a gradient and thus a lack of shared awareness-knowledge existed and was associated with certain factors. In conclusion, hospitals should implement improved cooperation between IT staff and clinicians and IT service density when establishing the prerequisites for successful IT adoption processes.
Der Beitrag untersucht die verfassungsrechtliche Zulässigkeit und die einfachgesetzlichen Möglichkeiten einer Erprobung von Wahlrechtsreformen auf kommunaler Ebene. Es wird erörtert, welche Verfahren und Instrumente zur allgemeinen Steigerung der Wahlbeteiligung im »Laboratorium Kommune« ausgetestet werden könnten. Die Verfasser plädieren für die Einführung spezifischer Experimentierklauseln.
Die Einstellung zu Inklusiver Bildung wird in Forschungskontexten als ein wesentlicher Prädiktor für deren gelingende Realisierung im Bildungssystem beschrieben. Nationale und internationale Studien beziehen sich jedoch vorrangig auf Einstellungen von Personen, die im schulischen Kontext tätig sind. Ein deutschsprachiges Instrument zur Erhebung der Einstellungen frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte liegt bislang nicht vor. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein Instrument zur Erhebung der Einstellung von Lehrkräften zu Inklusiver Bildung von Kindern mit Beeinträchtigungen (Mahat, 2008) für den deutschsprachigen Raum und den Einsatz bei pädagogisch tätigen Fachkräften in Kindertageseinrichtungen adaptiert („Multidimensional Attitudes toward Preschool Inclusive Education Scale“, MATPIES). In einer Stichprobe von 1030 Fachkräften in Kindertageseinrichtungen liegen die Werte zur internen Konsistenz der Subskalen zwischen .73 bis .83; dies entspricht weitgehend den Reliabilitätskennwerten der Originalversion. Wie beim Original korrelieren die Subskalen auf einem mittleren bis hohen Niveau (r = .57 bis r = .66). Signifikante Gruppenunterschiede in der Einstellung zu Inklusiver Bildung zwischen Fachkräften, die sich in ihren Erfahrungen im Umgang mit Kindern mit Beeinträchtigungen unterscheiden, liefern erste Hinweise auf die kriteriumsbezogene Validität der MATPIES. Durch den Einsatz des Instrumentes können Effekte von Maßnahmen zur Personalentwicklung in Kindertageseinrichtungen (z.B. Fortbildungen zum Thema Inklusion) auf die Einstellungen frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte erhoben werden.