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Institute
Hintergrund
Demografisch bedingt wird sich die Anzahl pflegebedürftiger Menschen weiter erhöhen. Tragende Säule der pflegerischen Versorgung sind ihre Angehörigen, die den Großteil der Pflegeaufgaben übernehmen. Dies hat jedoch oftmals Auswirkungen auf ihre eigene Gesundheit und ihr Wohlbefinden.
Methodisches Vorgehen
Mit dem Fragebogen zur Angehörigenresilienz und -belastung (FARBE) liegt ein Instrument vor, um sowohl die Resilienz als auch Belastung pflegender Angehöriger zu ermitteln. Der Fragebogen wurde im Rahmen der Pflegestudie des VdK-Sozialverbands genutzt und von 12.475 Angehörigen komplett ausgefüllt. Durch eine multiple lineare Regression wurden Einflüsse und ihre Wirkstärke auf die Resilienz und Belastung analysiert.
Ergebnisse
Angehörige von Menschen mit Demenz, Depression oder hohem Pflegegrad weisen eine stärkere Belastung auf. Demenz und Depression mindern zudem die Resilienz. Positiv wirkt sich die soziale Unterstützung aus. Ebenso bedingt ein höheres Alter eine stärkere Resilienz.
Schlussfolgerungen
Im Ergebnis dieser Arbeit gelang eine Identifikation von relevanten Einflussfaktoren. Dies ermöglicht, Unterstützungs- und Entlastungsangebote auf ihre Anwendung und Wirksamkeit zu überprüfen. Besondere Bedeutung haben Unterstützungsangebote für Angehörige von Menschen mit Demenz, Depression und/oder höheren Pflegegraden. Stressreduzierende Maßnahmen und das Bilden sozialer Netzwerke für Angehörige können weitere Maßnahmen zur Stärkung der Resilienz und Abschwächung von Belastung sein.
Aims and Objectives:
Preventive home visits are a low-threshold counselling and support approach. They have been reported to achieve heterogeneous effects. However, preventive home visits have the potential to reduce the risk of becoming dependent on long-term care. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of preventive home visits as a nursing intervention on health-related quality of life of older people in a longitudinal survey and to develop recommendations for which target groups preventive home visits have the highest benefit. The sample consisted of 75 people, aged between 65 and 85, who were able to understand and speak German, had not yet been eligible for benefits from the long-term care insurance and lived in the municipality under study.
Methodological Design and Justification:
A quantitative longitudinal study in order to investigate the effects of preventive home visits.
Ethical Issues and Approval:
There were no ethical concerns. Accordingly, ethical approval was granted.
Research Methods, Results and Conclusions:
The health-related quality of life was recorded four times between 01/2017 and 08/2020 with the Short-Form- Health- Survey- 12 and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results reveal that the physical health status cannot be easily influenced over a short period of time. The main effect, however, is that preventive home visits have a significant positive effect on the mental health status. The main topics during the home visits were mobility, nutrition and social participation. Increased knowledge and motivation for preventive behaviour extended the autonomy of older people. Accordingly, preventive home visits can support a self-determined life in a familiar environment. The results of the present study show that preventive home visits as a nursing intervention in rural areas are successful. In Germany, preventive home visits have not yet been implemented on a regular basis. In order to do so, a general definition of the concept is needed. Preventive home visits should be officially included in the regular health care services in Germany.
Objective:
To understand the meaning of entrepreneurial nursing care as inducer of healthy practices in vulnerable communities.
Method:
Grounded theory, whose data collection took place between March and December 2019, from interviews with 19 participants from the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and comparative data analysis.
Results:
The phenomenon was delimited: Experiencing small/big transformations in the invisibility of everyday life in promoting healthy practices in vulnerable communities. Conducted by the paradigmatic model, the categories were named based on the components: Condition: Making choices and negotiating non-negotiable exchanges; Action/interaction: Motivating oneself to maintain basic human needs; Consequence: Broadening perspectives and transcending personal and collective boundaries.
Conclusion:
Entrepreneurial nursing care as inducer of healthy practices in vulnerable communities is not reduced to a scientific theory or to the linear and decontextualized apprehension of healthy living, but extends to reach small/big transformations that occur in the invisibility of everyday life.
Objective:
to carry out a theoretical reflection on the Nursing Now Campaign and the experience of the unexpected irruptions facing the pandemic period.
Method:
a theoretical-reflective study, supported by the theoretical framework of complexity thinking. It aims at understanding the dialogic between the notions of order, disorder and organization, which translate the transition from simplification to complexity of the pandemic phenomenon and its relation to the theme of Nursing Now and Nursing in the future.
Results:
the universe of phenomena is simultaneously composed of order, disorder and organization. Reasserting the central role of Nursing in the health team, facing the irruptions and uncertainties caused by the current pandemic, implies the ability to dialog with disorder and raise a new and more complex global (re)organization of the being and doing Nursing.
Conclusion:
in addition to answers, theoretical reflection raises new questions and irruptions. The inseparability between the notions of order and disorder in the evolutionary dynamics of the Nursing system is conceived and the promotion of even more complex levels of organization, management and Nursing assistance to achieve universal access to health is advocated.
Objective: To understand the meaning of the Learning Incubator as a teaching and learning technology in the nursing area.
Method: Qualitative research, supported by grounded theory. Data was collected from March to November 2019, through interviews with guiding questions and hypotheses directed at two different groups. The analysis was done by comparative data analysis and included open, axial and integrated coding, as proposed by the method. The theoretical sample included 23 participants, which were nurses, technicians, and nursing students.
Results: The delimitation of the categories converged in the phenomenon (Re)signifying knowledge and practices in the Learning Incubator. Guided by the paradigmatic model, the categories were named according to the three following components: Condition: Recognizing that the being and the professional practice are inextricable; Action/interaction: Revisiting professional practices that are repetitive and mechanic; Consequence: Referring to the reflections and knowledge constructed in the Learning Incubator.
Conclusion: The Learning Incubator, as seen by the study participants, is not limited to the Incubator meetings or the themes addressed in it. Beyond a welcoming physical space, the Incubator expands itself and becomes a tool that promotes self-reflection and self-assessment of professional behaviors and attitudes.
Estudo qualitativo que partiu da questão: como vêm sendo construídas as teorias e modelos de cuidado de enfermagem, focalizando o processo de construção da teoria substantiva, referente à Tese que teve como objetivos compreender o significado do ambiente de cuidados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e construir um modelo teórico sobre ele. O método utilizado foi a Grounded Theory. Realizaram-se 39 entrevistas com 47 sujeitos diferenciados de três Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Adulto, em Florianópolis/SC, Santa Maria/RS e Pelotas/RS, entre junho de 2009 a setembro de 2010. A teoria "Sustentando a vida no ambiente complexo de cuidados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva" foi delimitada por oito categorias. Conclui-se que sustentar a vida no ambiente de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva significa investir intensivamente no cuidado de pacientes instáveis, com auxílio de tecnologias diferenciadas e profissionais capacitados, trabalhando em equipe, onde se convive com estresse/conflitos e dificuldades para lidar com a morte.
O presente estudo, de caráter teórico, objetivou analisar e discutir um possível código binário para o sistema de Enfermagem, no sentido de identificar o seu próprio saber, na perspectiva dos pressupostos teóricos de Niklas Luhmann. Apostar em uma comunicação funcionalmente diferenciada e socialmente relevante para o sistema de enfermagem implica em transcender o tradicional código saúde-doença, predominante no sistema de saúde e cuja comunicação socialmente relevante é a doença. Implica, ainda, em investir proativamente na promoção e proteção do viver saudável de indivíduos, famílias e comunidades, para que a saúde seja o ponto central das discussões e intervenções.
OBJETIVOS: Compreender o significado do cuidado de enfermagem como prática social empreendedora.
MÉTODOS: Foi baseada na Grounded Theory que, de forma sistemática, criativa e interativa possibilitou o desenvolvimento da teoria: "Vislumbrando o cuidado de enfermagem como prática social empreendedora". Amostra teórica constituiu-se de 35 sujeitos entrevistados, distribuídos em diferentes grupos amostrais. RESULTADOS: O cuidado de enfermagem como prática social empreendedora está associado ao sistema de relações e interações, à capacidade de interagir com os diferentes atores sociais, na capacidade de criar novos canais de comunicação e ações pró-ativas.
CONCLUSÃO: A partir do cuidado como prática social empreendedora é possível atuar de forma pró-ativa, inovadora e participativa, sem desconsiderar as contradições sociais emergentes.
O presente estudo objetivou compreender o significado da atuação profissional de uma equipe ESF em uma comunidade socialmente vulnerável. Utilizou-se como referencial metodológico a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e como técnica de coleta de dados a entrevista, realizada entre julho a dezembro de 2009, com 25 profissionais que integram a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). A análise dos dados demonstrou que a ESF pode ser considerada uma estratégia facilitadora e estimuladora do processo de ampliação e de consolidação das redes de cuidado em saúde, à medida que sinaliza para uma nova abordagem de intervenção comunitária, pela valorização do ser humano como um ser singular e multidimensional, inserido em seu contexto real. Um novo modelo assistencial se desenvolve, em suma, mediante a reorganização da prática de atenção à saúde, intermediada pela multiplicidade de relações, interações e associações complexas que ocorrem no contexto familiar e social.
Objectives: This paper addresses recent steps for reforming the eligibility criteria of the German long-term care insurance that have been initiated to overcome shortcomings in the current system.
Methods: Based on findings of a survey of international long-term care systems, assessment tools and the relevant literature on care needs a new tool for determining eligibility in the German long-term care insurance was developed.
Results: The new tool for determining long-term care eligibility broadens the understanding of what ‚dependency on nursing care' implies for the person affected. The assessment results in a degree of dependency from personal help provided by formal or informal caregivers. This degree of dependency can be used for determining eligibility for and the amount of long-term care benefits.
Discussion: The broader understanding of "dependency on nursing care' and the new tool are important steps to adapt the German long-term care insurance to the challenges of the demographic and societal changes in the future