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Background: This paper describes an international nursing and health research immersion program. Minority students from the USA work with an international faculty mentor in teams conducting collaborative research. The Minority Health International Research Training (MHIRT) program students become catalysts in the conduct of cross-cultural research.
Aim: To narrow the healthcare gap for disadvantaged families in the USA and partner countries.
Methods: Faculty from the USA, Germany, Italy, Colombia, England, Austria and Thailand formed an international research and education team to explore and compare family health issues, disparities in chronic illness care, social inequities and healthcare solutions. USA students in the MHIRT program complete two introductory courses followed by a 3-month research practicum in a partner country guided by faculty mentors abroad. The overall program development, student study abroad preparation, research project activities, cultural learning, and student and faculty team outcomes are explored.
Results: Cross-fertilization of research, cultural awareness and ideas about improving family health occur through education, international exchange and research immersion. Faculty research and international team collaboration provide opportunities for learning about research, health disparities, cultural influences and healthcare systems. The students are catalysts in the research effort, the dissemination of research findings and other educational endeavours. Five steps of the collaborative activities lead to programmatic success.
Conclusions: MHIRT scholars bring creativity, enthusiasm, and gain a genuine desire to conduct health research about families with chronic illness. Their cultural learning stimulates career plans that include international research and attention to vulnerable populations.
Introduction:
Due to demographic change and lack of health care personnel new solutions like preventive home visits (PHV) are necessary. PHV reduces the risk of long-term care and therefore, enables older people to live in their home as long as possible.
Aim of the study:
The aim of this study is to analyse the acceptance of PHV and the effect of PHV on health status of the older people.
Methods:
In this mixed method study PHV as a nursing intervention will be offered to people older than 65 years, not yet eligible for benefits from the long-term care insurance and living in Emlichheim, a region in the northwestern part of Lower Saxony. A sample of 75 people is determined. The health status will be recorded with the Short Form 12 questionnaire. Fifteen semi-structured interviews will be performed to investigate acceptance of the PHV intervention. Quantitative data will be analysed using inferential statistics, qualitative data will be analysed using content analysis. Ethical approval has been obtained.
Results:
It is expected that the findings of this study complete current knowledge about the concept of PHV.
Practical relevance:
This study is of high practical relevance, because additional insights of acceptance might enable the adaption of the PHV concept. Furthermore, increased knowledge and motivation for preventive behaviour of the older people is anticipated in order to extend their autonomy. The results of this study could contribute to the implementation of PHV in Germany, especially in rural areas. It tends to allow a self-determined life in their familiar environment for the older people, as the biggest need of this group.
Aims and Objectives:
Preventive home visits are a low-threshold counselling and support approach. They have been reported to achieve heterogeneous effects. However, preventive home visits have the potential to reduce the risk of becoming dependent on long-term care. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of preventive home visits as a nursing intervention on health-related quality of life of older people in a longitudinal survey and to develop recommendations for which target groups preventive home visits have the highest benefit. The sample consisted of 75 people, aged between 65 and 85, who were able to understand and speak German, had not yet been eligible for benefits from the long-term care insurance and lived in the municipality under study.
Methodological Design and Justification:
A quantitative longitudinal study in order to investigate the effects of preventive home visits.
Ethical Issues and Approval:
There were no ethical concerns. Accordingly, ethical approval was granted.
Research Methods, Results and Conclusions:
The health-related quality of life was recorded four times between 01/2017 and 08/2020 with the Short-Form- Health- Survey- 12 and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results reveal that the physical health status cannot be easily influenced over a short period of time. The main effect, however, is that preventive home visits have a significant positive effect on the mental health status. The main topics during the home visits were mobility, nutrition and social participation. Increased knowledge and motivation for preventive behaviour extended the autonomy of older people. Accordingly, preventive home visits can support a self-determined life in a familiar environment. The results of the present study show that preventive home visits as a nursing intervention in rural areas are successful. In Germany, preventive home visits have not yet been implemented on a regular basis. In order to do so, a general definition of the concept is needed. Preventive home visits should be officially included in the regular health care services in Germany.
Social determinants of health that influence the healthy living process in a vulnerable community
(2016)
Objectives: to identify the errors in daily intensive nursing care and analyze them according to the theory of human error. Method: quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study, undertaken at the Intensive Care Center of a hospital in the Brazilian Sentinel Hospital Network. The participants were 36 professionals from the nursing team. The data were collected through semistructured interviews, observation and lexical analysis in the software ALCESTE®. Results: human error in nursing care can be related to the approach of the system, through active faults and latent conditions. The active faults are represented by the errors in medication administration and not raising the bedside rails. The latent conditions can be related to the communication difficulties in the multiprofessional team, lack of standards and institutional routines and absence of material resources. Conclusion: the errors identified interfere in nursing care and the clients’ recovery and can cause damage. Nevertheless, they are treated as common events inherent in daily practice. The need to acknowledge these events is emphasized, stimulating the safety culture at the institution.
Objective: to understand the meaning of the Adult Intensive Care Unit environment of care,
experienced by professionals working in this unit, managers, patients, families and professional
support services, as well as build a theoretical model about the Adult Intensive Care Unit
environment of care. Method: Grounded Theory, both for the collection and for data analysis.
Based on theoretical sampling, we carried out 39 in-depth interviews semi-structured from
three different Adult Intensive Care Units. Results: built up the so-called substantive theory
“Sustaining life in the complex environment of care in the Intensive Care Unit”. It was bounded
by eight categories: “caring and continuously monitoring the patient” and “using appropriate
and differentiated technology” (causal conditions); “Providing a suitable environment” and
“having relatives with concern” (context); “Mediating facilities and difficulties” (intervenienting
conditions); “Organizing the environment and managing the dynamics of the unit” (strategy)
and “finding it difficult to accept and deal with death” (consequences). Conclusion: confirmed
the thesis that “the care environment in the Intensive Care Unit is a living environment, dynamic
and complex that sustains the life of her hospitalized patients”.
Report on visits in hospices located in Osnabrück/Germany and the Saint Cristopher’s Hospice in London/United
Kingdom; and present a discussion about the care mode. Methods: Experience report based on a post-doctoral research period
in Germany between November 2013 and October 2014, funded by the CAPES Foundation (Coordination for the Improvement of
Higher Education Personnel). Results: The structure, operation mode of the institutions and the main labor force were discussed,
especially the nursing staff and volunteers’ participation, the main care activities and challenges. These issues were very similar
at the hospices, highlighting the hospice responsible for spreading this moviment worldwide. Conclusion: The hospice may be
the place of death, but it provides a pleasant environment that preserves the person’s individuality and autonomy. It relies on the
participation of volunteers, dissemination of its idea and training programs, which ensure the strengthening of this movement.
Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the malignant diseases with the highest cancer-specific mortality. At the time of diagnosis, life expectancy is often already very limited, as it is usually discovered late and in an advanced stage. Coping with cancer is a complex process. Coping strategies of patients with pancreatic cancer probably differ from those of other malignancies. Yet to date, there exists no pancreatic cancer-specific coping model.
Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to explore and characterize the academic literature related to coping processes in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Methods/Design: The JBI's three-step search strategy, combined with the Arksey and O'Malley framework, will be used to identify articles via PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CAMbase, CareLit, CC Med, Scopus, and PsycARTICLES (Arksey & O'Malley, 2005; Peters et al., 2017). It follows the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews (Tricco et al., 2018). Primary and secondary studies and reviews which report on coping with pancreatic cancer (adenocarcinoma) in adults in English or German language will be included in this scoping review, regardless of publication date or study design.
Discussion: This scoping review will add new insights on coping with pancreatic cancer by summarizing current knowledge, and identifying research
To ensure the quality of long-term care services has been one of the key elements of German long-term care insurance since its implementation in 1995. A joint agreement between insurers and service providers served as the baseline for quality assurance. Monitoring and control of quality in institutional and home based long-term care was performed by the insurers’ Medical Board. As a result of problems in some long-term care facilities reported in the media the Long-term Care System Reform Act of 2008 contained several provisions to ensure and improve the quality of services. The obligatory use of expert standards for the performance of particular nursing interventions and the establishment of a system of public reporting were the first measures implemented. The development of quality indicators has also been initiated. These routes to quality, their anticipated effects and remaining challenges will be addressed in this article.