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Institute
Evaluation im Kulturbetrieb
(2019)
Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit sollte die Frage beantwortet werden, wie dokumentierte Informationen gemäß ISO 9001:2015 beschaffen sein müssen, damit sie als Arbeitsmittel im betrieblichen Alltag Anwendung finden. Dazu wurde im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit zuerst aufgezeigt, welche Aufgaben die Organisationskommunikation im Zusammenhang mit dokumentierten Informationen hat. Anschließend wurde untersucht, welche Anforderungen Informationen aus Sicht der Organisationskommunikation und des Qualitätsmanagements zu erfüllen haben. Um diese Anforderungen erfüllen zu können, wurde daraufhin ermittelt, welche Faktoren relevant sind, damit Informationen verständlich und anwendbar sind. Dazu wurden Erkenntnisse und Modelle aus der Verständlichkeitsforschung genutzt. Im methodischen Teil dieser Arbeit wurde auf Basis der bisherigen Erkenntnisse und anhand des „Kremser Verständlichkeitsmodell“ Arbeitshilfen (Tools) entwickelt. Diese können im Rahmen des Kommunikationsmanagements dazu genutzt werden Mitarbeiter zu befähigen, eigenständig verständliche und anwendbare dokumentierte Information zu erstellen, zu analysieren und zu optimieren. Abschließend wurde die Anwendung dieser Tools an zwei Beispielen gezeigt.
Für eine sichere, nachhaltige und wirtschaftliche Energieversorgung der Zukunft sowie das Erreichen der Pariser Klimaziele, ist eine Umstellung des Energiesystems in Deutschland auf 100 % erneuerbare Energien erforderlich. Dies ist bis zum Jahr 2050 realisierbar. Insbesondere Unternehmen der Energiebranche, wie der Windkraftanlagenhersteller GE Wind Energy GmbH, sollen sich mit den zukünftigen Änderungen des Energiesystems auseinandersetzen. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschäftigt sich die Bachelorarbeit mit Deutschlands Energiesystem der Zukunft aus 100 % erneuerbaren Energien und der damit verbundenen Rolle der Onshore-Windenergie. Dazu erfolgt eine Ermittlung von Deutschlands zukünftigem Energieverbrauch und der Voraussetzungen für die Energieversorgung im Jahr 2050 mit Hilfe des Simulations-Tools 100prosim. Der zukünftige Beitrag der Onshore-Wind-energie wird unter Berücksichtigung der technischen Entwicklung dieser Energiequelle untersucht sowie mit klimapolitischen und gesellschaftlichen Ansichten verglichen. Als Ergebnisse der Bachelorarbeit kann Deutschlands Energieverbrauch im Jahr 2050, in Folge von umfassenden Gebäudesanierungen sowie der Verlagerung, Vermeidung und Verbesserung des Verkehrs, Substitution von Brennstoffen und weiteren Effizienzsteigerungen, um 41,84 % reduziert werden gegenüber 2016. Für die Deckung des Energiebedarfs müssen Energiespeicher, intelligente Stromnetze sowie alle erneuerbaren Energiequellen ausgebaut und technisch verbessert werden. Zukünftig sind Onshore-WKA mit durchschnittlich 5,5 MW Nenn-leistung, 2870 Volllaststunden und 7,94 ha/MW Flächenbedarf zu erwarten. Folglich wird Onshore-Windenergie die Hauptrolle in der zukünftigen Energieversor-gung übernehmen. Durch einen Ausbau von Onshore-WKA, der die klimapolitischen Ziele deutlich übersteigt, auf 4,15 % (187.028 MW) bis 5,3 % (238.629 MW) der Landesfläche, wird die Energiewende zu einem Energiesystem mit 100 % erneuerbaren Energien bis 2050 ermöglicht.
Niche-based species distribution models (SDMs) play a central role in studying species response to environmental change. Effective management and conservation plans for freshwater ecosystems require SDMs that accommodate hierarchical catchment ordering and provide clarity on the performance of such models across multiple scales. The scale-dependence components considered here are: (a) environment spatial structure, represented by hierarchical catchment ordering following the Strahler system; (b) analysis grain, that included 1st to 5th order catchments; and (c) response grain, the grain at which species respond most, represented by local and upstream catchment area effects. We used fish occurrence data from the Danube River Basin and various factors representing climate, land cover and anthropogenic pressures. Our results indicate that the choice of response grain – local vs. upstream area effects – and the choice of analysis grain, only marginally influence the performance of SDMs. Upstream effects tend to better predict fish distributions than corresponding local effects for anthropogenic and land cover factors, in particular for species sensitive to pollution. Key predictors and their relative importance are scale and species dependent. Consequently, choosing proper species dependent spatial scales and factors is imperative for effective river rehabilitation measures.
Optimised Nutrient Recovery from Biogas Digestate by Solid/Liquid Separation and Membrane Treatment
(2019)
Anaerobic digestion products of agricultural biogas plants are characterised by high nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content. In three scale-up steps, a membrane based digestate treatment process of solid-liquid-separation, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis for nutrient recovery was investigated. Lab-scale trials delivered a very good understanding of fluid properties and subsequent ultrafiltration performance, which is the limiting process step in terms of energy demand and operation costs. In semi-technical experiments, optimisation, and design parameters were developed, which were subsequently applied to pilot-scale tests at two full-scale biogas plants. The process optimisation resulted in 50 % energy reduction of the ultrafiltration step. About 36 % of the sludge volume was recovered as dischargeable water, 20 % as solid N/P-fertiliser, and 44 % as liquid N/K-fertiliser.
Symposion: Working for the greater good in services: risks and innovation impacts on employees’ wellbeing
Oral presentation: Kumbruck: Digitalization in Health and Old People’s Care and the Impacts on the Interaction Work
Purpose: Digitalization like roboter to lift or feed care receiver or like electronic patient documentation, e.g. on smartphones, changes interaction and communication between care givers and care receivers. From our research projects (Projektgruppe verfassungsverträgliche Technikgestaltung: Mobile information and communication tools in the hospital; Das Ethos fürsorglicher Praxis in der Pflege) shows impacts.
Design/Methodology/Approach/Intervention: Qualitative studies (simulation studies; narrative Interviews, observations,) with more than 60 experimentees in different health care institutions.
Results: The interaction is mediated by electronic tools. The nurses are confident by the electronic assistance and workload reduction; but they are afraid of more distance in the relationship to the patients, more mixing of private and working time activities or more observation by their superiors. The most critical aspect is seen in the patient documentation.
Limitations: These studies are explorative ones. Especially the simulation study is an experimental design.
Research/Practical Implications: There is need for more and quantitative studies. The results give a lot of indications that the organizational and political frameworks of health care are important moderators of the impacts of the digitalization in health care.
Originality/Value: The studies have an important perspective on the change in the relationship between health care givers and receivers by digitalization – a topic, which concerns everybody.
Background
Lay family caregivers of patients receiving palliative care often confront stressful situations in the care of their loved ones. This is particularly true for families in the home-based palliative care settings, where the family caregivers are responsible for a substantial amount of the patient’s care. Yet, to our knowledge, no study to date has examined the family caregivers’ exposure to critical events and distress with home-based palliative care has been reported from Germany. Therefore, we attempt to assess family caregiver exposure to the dying patient’s critical health events and relate that to the caregiver’s own psychological distress to examine associations with general health within a home-based palliative care situation in Germany.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 106 family caregivers with home-based palliative care in the Federal State of North Rhine Westphalia, Germany. We administered the Stressful Caregiving Adult Reactions to Experiences of Dying (SCARED) Scale. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models relating general health (SF-36) were used to analyze the data.
Results
The frequency of the caregiver’s exposure, or witness of, critical health events of the patient ranged from 95.2% “pain/discomfort” to 20.8% “family caregiver thought patient was dead”. The highest distress scores assessing fear and helpfulness were associated with “family caregiver felt patient had enough’” and “family caregiver thought patient was dead”. Linear regression analyses revealed significant inverse associations between SCARED critical health event exposure frequency (beta = .408, p = .025) and total score (beta = .377, p = .007) with general health in family caregivers.
Conclusions
Family caregivers with home-based palliative care in Germany frequently experience exposure to a large number of critical health events in caring for their family members who are terminally ill. These exposures are associated with the family caregiver’s degree of fear and helplessness and are associated with their worse general health. Thus the SCARED Scale, which is brief and easy to administer, appears able to identify these potentially upsetting critical health events among family caregivers of palliative care patients receiving care at home. Because it identified commonly encountered critical events in these patients and related them to adverse general health of family caregivers, the SCARED may add to clinically useful screens to identify family caregivers who may be struggling.