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Der öffentliche Sektor steht unter anhaltendem Reformdruck und muss sich verstärkt auf die Bedürfnisse unterschiedlicher Zielgruppen einstellen. Das betriebswirtschaftliche Marketing-Management bietet für diesen Reformprozess ein enormes Unterstützungspotenzial, allerdings nur, wenn die Spezifika des öffentlichen Sektors auch genügend beachtet werden. Stefanie Wesselmann und Bettina Hohn entwickeln gut verständlich und anhand vielfältiger Praxisbeispiele eine Marketing-Konzeption für den öffentlichen Sektor. Mit Übungsaufgaben zur Überprüfung des eigenen Wissens. Die 3. Auflage wurde überarbeitet und erweitert. Neue Beispiele veranschaulichen wesentliche Aspekte des Inhaltes.
Städte schenken ihren vorhandenen Wissensressourcen zunehmende Aufmerksamkeit und binden sie strategisch in kommunale Wachstumsstrategien ein. „Bürgermeister, Kommunalpolitiker sowie Hochschul- und Institutsleiter versuchen durch die Teilnahme an Wettbewerben wie Stadt der Wissenschaft oder durch Aufgreifen von Knowledge City-Strategien, bisher brachliegende Potentiale für die Stärkung der lokalen Wirtschaft in den Dienst zu nehmen.“(Franz 2004, S. 95).
Identification of differences in clinical presentation and underlying pain mechanisms may assist the classification of patients with neck–arm pain which is important for the provision of targeted best evidence based management. The aim of this study was to: (i) assess the inter-examiner agreement in using specific systems to classify patients with cervical radiculopathy and patients with non-specific neck–arm pain associated with heightened nerve mechanosensitivity (NSNAP); (ii) assess the agreement between two clinical examiners and two clinical experts in classifying these patients, and (iii) assess the diagnostic accuracy of the two clinical examiners. Forty patients with unilateral neck–arm pain were examined by two clinicians and classified into (i) cervical radiculopathy, (ii) NSNAP, (iii) other. The classifications were compared to those made independently by two experts, based on a review of patients' clinical assessment notes. The experts' opinion was used as the reference criterion to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examiners in classifying each patient group. There was an 80% agreement between clinical examiners, and between experts and 70%–80% between clinical examiners and experts in classifying patients with cervical radiculopathy (kappa between 0.41 and 0.61). Agreement was 72.5%–80% in classifying patients with NSNAP (kappa between 0.43 and 0.52). Clinical examiners' diagnostic accuracy was high (radiculopathy: sensitivity 79%–84%; specificity 76%–81%; NSNAP: sensitivity 78%–100%; specificity 71%–81%). Compared to expert opinion, clinicians were able to identify patients with cervical radiculopathy and patients with NSNAP in 80% of cases, our data supporting the reliability of these classification systems.
Background: The painDETECT questionnaire (PD-Q) has been used as a tool to characterize sensory abnormalities in patients with persistent pain. This study investigated whether the self-reported sensory descriptors of patients with painful cervical radiculopathy (CxRAD) and patients with fibromyalgia (FM), as characterized by responses to verbal sensory descriptors from PD-Q (sensitivity to light touch, cold, heat, slight pressure, feeling of numbness in the main area of pain), were associated with the corresponding sensory parameters as demonstrated by quantitative sensory testing (QST).
Methods: Twenty-three patients with CxRAD (eight women, 46.3 ± 9.6 years) and 22 patients with FM (20 women, 46.1 ± 11.5 years) completed the PD-Q. Standardized QST of dynamic mechanical allodynia, cold and heat pain thresholds, pressure pain thresholds, mechanical and vibration detection thresholds, was recorded from the maximal pain area. Comparative QST data from 31 age-matched healthy controls (HCs; 15 women) were obtained.
Results: Patients with CxRAD demonstrated a match between their self-reported descriptors and QST parameters for all sensory parameters except for sensitivity to light touch, and these matches were statistically significant compared with HC data (p ≤ 0.006). The FM group demonstrated discrepancies between the PD-Q and QST sensory phenotypes for all sensory descriptors, indicating that the self-reported sensory descriptors did not consistently match the QST parameters (p = ≤0.017).
Conclusion: Clinicians and researchers should be cautious about relying on PD-Q as a stand-alone screening tool to determine sensory abnormalities in patients with FM.