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Shredlage für Mastbullen?
(2021)
Mehr Milchleistung
(2021)
Fütterung von Zuchtstuten
(2021)
Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) operates in the ISM band with 868 MHz, where the Time on Air (ToA) is regulated in the EU to 1 %. LoRaWAN nodes use the Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) algorithm to adapt their data rates during operation. The standard ADR algorithm works well with stationary nodes, however is very slow in the adaptation for mobile nodes. This paper introduces a new ADR algorithm for LoRaWAN that is supported by higher level meta-data for sensor streams, namely Quality of Information (QoI). With the help of QoI it is possible to provide additional information to the new ADR algorithm, reducing the convergence time and thus improving the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of data from mobile sensor nodes. The new algorithm requires only modifications on network server side and keeps backwards compatibility with LoRaWAN nodes. Results show a significant better PDR compared to the standard ADR in scenarios with a limited number of mobile nodes.
Auf vielen Landmaschinen wird der CAN-Bus zur Übertragung von Daten zwischen Sensoren, Aktoren und Steuergeräten genutzt. Anwendungen wie Rückfahrkameras und Bird-ViewAnzeigen erfordern in der Regel zusätzliche, breitbandige Kommunikationskanäle. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, inwieweit ein gemeinschaftliches Kommunikationsmedium auf Basis von Ethernet zur Realisierung aktueller und zukünftiger Anwendungen auf Landmaschinen genutzt werden kann. Zusätzlich wird der Einsatz aktueller Technologien wie Audio/Video Bridging, Time-Sensitive Networking und Wifi auf einem Landmaschinengespann untersucht und bewertet.
High levels of meat consumption are increasingly being criticised for ethical, environmental, and social reasons. Plant-based meat substitutes have been with reservations identified as healthy sources of protein in comparison to meat. This alternative offers several social, environmental, and probably health benefits, and it may play a role in reducing meat consumption. However, there has been a lack of research on how specific meat substitute attributes can influence consumers to replace or partially replace meat in their diets. Research has demonstrated that, in many countries, consumers are highly attached to meat. They consider it to be an essential and integral element of their daily diet. For the consumers that are not interested in vegan or vegetarian alternatives to meat, so-called meathybrids could be a low-threshold option for a more sustainable food consumption behaviour. In meathybrids, only a fraction of the meat product (e.g., 20% to 50%) is replaced with plant-based proteins. In this paper, the results of an online survey with 500 German consumers are presented with a focus on preferences and attitudes relating to meathyrids. The results show that more than fifty percent of consumers substitute meat at least occasionally. Thus, approximately half of the respondents reveal an eligible consumption behaviour with respect to sustainability and healthiness to a certain degree. Regarding the determinants of choosing either meathybrid or meat, it becomes evident that the highest effect is exerted by the health perception. The healthier meathybrids are perceived, the higher is the choice probability. Thus, this egoistic motive seems to outperform altruistic motives, like animal welfare or environmental concerns, when it comes to choice for this new product category.
Duckweed is a promising resource for future feed and food production as well as wastewater treatment. However, diseases and pests can critically limit the performance of the production systems. Patches of discolored and bleached duckweed (Lemna minor L.) appeared in hydroponic systems and spread rapidly through the crop. Pythium myriotylum was confirmed as the causing pathogen by microbiological and molecular biological analysis. This is the first report of P. myriotylum on duckweed in Germany. The result and possible countermeasures are discussed.
Green roofs can mitigate negative environmental effects of urban densifcation to some extent, but they are often covered by species-poor Sedum mixtures with a low value for biodiversity. By combining a habitat template and a seedprovenance approach, we review the suitability of plant species from regionally occurring dry sandy grasslands (Koelerio-Corynophoretea) for extensive roof greening in northwestern Germany. Since 2015, we have studied the effects of species introduction on vegetation dynamics on experimental mini-roofs. Treatments included sowing seeds of regional native origin in two densities (1 g and 2 g/m2) and the transfer of raked material from an ancient dry grassland area classifed as Natura 2000 site. The applied raked material contained diaspores of 27 vascular plant species (including seven threatened species) and vegetative fragments of grasslandspecifc mosses and lichens. Since 2018, we have tested more species-rich seed mixtures in a large-scale experiment on a roof of 500 m2 with different engineered green-roof substrates and layering. In 2019, a green roof of 10,200 m2 was established in cooperation with a local enterprise to support regional native biodiversity.
In this chapter, we summarise the most important results of our studies and discuss how to support regional native biodiversity on green roofs.
In order to produce protein-rich duckweed for human and animal consumption, a stable cultivation process, including an optimal nutrient supply for each species, must be implemented. Modified nutrient media, based on the N-medium for duckweed cultivation, were tested on the relative growth rate (RGR) and crude protein content (CPC) of Lemna minor and Wolffiella hyalina, as well as the decrease of nitrate-N and ammonium-N in the media. Five different nitrate-N to ammonium-N molar ratios were diluted to 10% and 50% of the original N-medium concentration. The media mainly consisted of agricultural fertilizers. A ratio of 75% nitrate-N and 25% ammonium-N, with a dilution of 50%, yielded the best results for both species. Based on the dry weight (DW), L. minor achieved a RGR of 0.23 ± 0.009 d−1 and a CPC of 37.8 ± 0.42%, while W. hyalina’s maximum RGR was 0.22 ± 0.017 d−1, with a CPC of 43.9 ± 0.34%. The relative protein yield per week and m2 was highest at this ratio and dilution, as well as the ammonium-N decrease in the corresponding medium. These results could be implemented in duckweed research and applications if a high protein content or protein yield is the aim.
Die Analyse der kommunalen Planungspraxis zur Auswahl und Bewertung von Siedlungsflächen in der Flächennutzungsplanung zeigt auf, welchen Einfluss Forschungsergebnisse auf die aktuelle Planungspraxis haben. Aufbauend auf einer Analyse des Forschungsstandes und der rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen wird die Bewertung von Siedlungsflächen in 29 verschiedenen Flächennutzungsplänen untersucht. Als Ergebnis wurde ermittelt, dass in der Planungspraxis die Anzahl der Bewertungskriterien und die Komplexität der Bewertung in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen hat. Außerdem kann gezeigt werden, dass und wie stark sich die Planungsmethodik und die verwendeten Kriterien zur Auswahl und Bewertung von Siedlungsflächen zwischen den einzelnen Gemeinden unterscheiden. Trotz umfangreicher anwendungsorientierter Forschung seit den 1990er Jahren zur Bewertung und Auswahl von Siedlungsflächen lassen sich jedoch nur indirekte Einflüsse der Forschungsergebnisse auf die Planungspraxis identifizieren. Teilweise wurde allerdings festgestellt, dass auch von den Gemeinden selbst neue Kriterien und Vorgehensweisen entwickelt werden.
Piglets experience a high level of stress upon weaning due to changes in social structures and feeding. Incorporation of flavors in the maternal diet might be a promising tool to prenatally modulate flavor preferences of the offspring and prevent neophobia. This study aimed to evaluate if the supplementation of the maternal diet with Spicemaster GH 501, an intense, plant-based herbal flavor, could affect feed preferences of early-weaned piglets and thus improve feed intake, performance, and overall health conditions. On approx. day 95 of gestation, 59 pregnant sows (DanZucht) were separated into two groups. The control group received commercial gestation and lactation feeds without flavor, while the trial group received diets with added flavor (400 g/t Spicemaster GH 501). After weaning, 272 piglets from both groups were rehoused and given an early-grower feed, which was consistently supplemented in both groups with 400 g/t Spicemaster GH 501 throughout the whole trial. Strikingly, the trial group, which was prenatally exposed to the flavor, gained significantly more weight during the initial phase after weaning. Moreover, the trial group was less prone to develop ear tip necrosis and displayed an improved general health condition, which was reflected in a reduced number of antibiotic treatments during the duration of the trial. Collectively, the incorporation of flavoring compounds in the maternal diet provides a powerful mechanism to shape taste preferences in early-weaned piglets and conse-quently reduce stress levels and susceptibility to infections.
Piglets experience a high level of stress during the onset of the fattening phase due to changes in social structures and feeding. Incorporation of flavors in the feed supports constant levels of feed intake thus avoiding drops in performance. This study aimed to evaluate if a combination of vanilla and fruity flavors could maintain high interest in variable feeds across different ages. 384 crossbred (Topigs 20 x Piétrain) piglets were separated at weaning into two groups (eight pens per group: four pens with females and four pens with uncastrated males; 24 animals per pen), according to gender and weight. The control group received commercial starter feeds without flavor, while the other group received diets with added flavor (500 g/t Cuxarom Fruit 210, a sweetish, berry multifruit note combined with creamy vanilla). After 49 days, 264 animals from both groups were rehoused and given an early-grower feed with or without added flavor for 7 days. Consequently, animals from the trial group again received flavor-supplemented feed and vice versa. During the early-grower phase, the feed intake of the trial group was 11.2% higher than that of the control group. Moreover, the trial group gained significantly more weight during the early-grower phase (+12.2%) in comparison to the control group. This indicates that the animals prefer the flavor they were familiarized with during the starter phase. This memory effect leads to an increased feed intake and weight gain in early-grower pigs and can counteract drops in performance, particularly when mixing animals or transitioning.