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Events are intangible services and services marketing thus plays a considerable role within event management education. The marketing mix with its “4 Ps” (product, price, promotion, place) is an essential element of many event management curricula. Most educational institutions also reflect the development (and related discussions) towards the existence of “7 Ps” – adding personnel, physical facilities and process management (Meffert/ Bruhn 2009) – or even “8 Ps” – adding physical environment, purchasing process, packaging and participation(Burke/ Resnick 2000) – within the service marketing domain.
In einem vielbeachteten Gutachten des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats der Bundesregierung (WBGU) im Jahr 2011 wird ein notwendiger Transformationsprozess zu einer klimafreundlicheren Gesellschaft angemahnt (WBGU 2011). Im Jahr 2014 wird diese Forderung im Sondergutachten Klimaschutz als Weltbürgerbewegung aktualisiert (WBGU 2014). Studien verdeutlichen, dass viele Unternehmen in den letzten Jahren diesem geforderten Transformationsprozess nur sehr langsam und einseitig nachgehen. Danach sind nachhaltige Verhaltensweisen scheinbar nur dann relevant, wenn sie dem Unternehmen einen strategischen Wettbewerbsvorteil ermöglichen (Corporate Responsibility Index 2013). Werte und Normen von Unternehmensvertretern sowie deren gesellschaftlich verantwortungsvolles Handeln, verändern sich nur sehr strategisch. Das mag u. a. daran liegen, dass in der Vergangenheit primär technische Innovationen, z. B. effizientere Motoren, im Mittelpunkt standen, um den Transformationsprozess zu unterstützen und weniger die Veränderung von Einstellungen und Verhalten der Individuen (Stengel 2011). In den letzten Jahren haben jedoch soziale Innovationen (z. B. Sharing‐Economy) mit dem Ziel an Bedeutung gewonnen, die Ressourceneffizienz zu erhöhen. Ergänzend zeigen sich vielfältige Potenziale, wie sich gesellschaftliche Veränderungen durch innovative Formen der Kooperation, z. B. Reallabore, voranbringen lassen.
Conceptualising event value co-destruction and developing a future agenda for events research
(2021)
Purpose
Value co-destruction has received little attention in an event-related context. This appears surprising, given that the interactions among actors at an event may also reduce the value for other participants, stakeholders and that of the entire event or the event's service ecosystem. This paper first aims to conceptualise value co-destruction and to provide an overview of related research in an event context. Second, a future research agenda for value co-destruction processes in an event context is developed.
Design/methodology/approach
Journals of the “Scimago Journal and Country Rank” were systematically reviewed for the keywords “value co-destruction”, “value destruction” and “negative value co-creation”. A second literature review specifically aimed at the events context extended the search scope to non-Scimago journals, Google Scholar and Google Web using the same keywords. All identified articles were qualitatively analysed concerning (1) the conceptualisation of value co-destruction and (2) reasons for value co-destruction.
Findings
The review of previous research highlights a limited scope of analysis, a focus on value co-destruction as an outcome and on interactions at the meso-level. Based on these findings, a holistic definition of value co-destruction is proposed. The paper identifies two major directions for future studies on value co-destruction at events and suggests specific examples.
Originality/value
The paper contributes to a more holistic understanding of value co-creation and co-destruction in an event setting. For example, a clearer understanding of the interactions that reduce the overall value of an event may assist to better design valuable events in the future.