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Objectives
To investigate differences in pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and longitudinal mechanosensitivity of the greater occipital nerve (GON) between patients with side-dominant head and neck pain (SDHNP) and healthy controls. Evaluation of neural sensitivity is not a standard procedure in the physical examination of headache patients but may influence treatment decisions.
Methods
Two blinded investigators evaluated PPTs on two different locations bilaterally over the GON as well as the occipitalis longsitting-slump (OLSS) in subjects with SDHNP (n = 38)) and healthy controls (n = 38).
Results
Pressure pain sensitivity of the GON was lower at the occiput in patients compared to controls (p = 0.001). Differences in pressure sensitivity of the GON at the nucheal line, or between the dominant headache side and the non-dominant side were not found (p > 0.05). The OLSS showed significant higher pain intensity in SDHNP (p < 0.001). In comparison to the non-dominant side, the dominant side was significantly more sensitive (p = 0.004).
Discussion
Palpation of the GON at the occiput and the OLSS may be potentially relevant tests in SDHNP. One explanation for an increased bilateral sensitivity may be sensitization mechanisms. Future research should investigate the efficacy of neurodynamic techniques directed at the GON.
In 280 Tagen zur Geburt?
(2009)
Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) is among the most productive extensions of.structural equation modeling. Many researchers conducting cross-cultural or longitudinal studies are interested in testing for measurement and structural invariance. The aim of the present paper is to provide a tutorial in MG-CFA using the freely available R-packages lavaan, semTools, and semPlot. The combination of these packages enable a highly efficient analysis of the measurement models both for normally distributed as well as ordinal data. Data from two freely available datasets – the first with continuous the second with ordered indicators - will be used to provide a walk-through the individual steps.
Background: This paper describes an international nursing and health research immersion program. Minority students from the USA work with an international faculty mentor in teams conducting collaborative research. The Minority Health International Research Training (MHIRT) program students become catalysts in the conduct of cross-cultural research.
Aim: To narrow the healthcare gap for disadvantaged families in the USA and partner countries.
Methods: Faculty from the USA, Germany, Italy, Colombia, England, Austria and Thailand formed an international research and education team to explore and compare family health issues, disparities in chronic illness care, social inequities and healthcare solutions. USA students in the MHIRT program complete two introductory courses followed by a 3-month research practicum in a partner country guided by faculty mentors abroad. The overall program development, student study abroad preparation, research project activities, cultural learning, and student and faculty team outcomes are explored.
Results: Cross-fertilization of research, cultural awareness and ideas about improving family health occur through education, international exchange and research immersion. Faculty research and international team collaboration provide opportunities for learning about research, health disparities, cultural influences and healthcare systems. The students are catalysts in the research effort, the dissemination of research findings and other educational endeavours. Five steps of the collaborative activities lead to programmatic success.
Conclusions: MHIRT scholars bring creativity, enthusiasm, and gain a genuine desire to conduct health research about families with chronic illness. Their cultural learning stimulates career plans that include international research and attention to vulnerable populations.
Employee cooperation is fundamental for accomplishing successful organizational change processes. Therefore, it is important to understand how employees' cooperation can be supported in the context of organizational change. Based on the group engagement model, we hypothesized how procedural justice affects organizational identification which in turn should have an affect on employees' cooperation (commitment to change, values-congruence fit, and change-supporting behavior) in the context of organizational change. To test the fit of the proposed model, structural equation models were calculated using both cross-sectional (N = 315) and longitudinal (N = 110) data of academic staff at a German university. Results indicated adequate data fit to our proposed model and revealed that organizational identification mediated the positive effects of procedural justice on affective commitment to change and values-congruence fit. The assumed mediating effect of organizational identification on the positive relationship between procedural justice and change-supporting behavior could only be supported using cross-sectional data.
Pflegebedürftige, die sich für die Geldleistungsoption in der Pflegeversicherung entschieden haben, sind verpflichtet, jährlich zwei bzw. vier „Beratungsbesuche“ durch einen zugelassenen ambulanten Pflegedienst abzurufen und nach Ausführung der Pflegekasse anzuzeigen. Obwohl mehr als 2 Millionen dieser Beratungsbesuche jährlich in Deutschland stattfinden, ist nur wenig über ihre Durchführung und die Erfahrungen pflegebedürftiger Menschen und ihrer Angehörigen dazu bekannt. Ziel dieses Projektes war es daher, Einsichten in diese häusliche Pflegeberatung zu erhalten und einen inhaltlichen Ansatz zu ihrer Durchführung zu entwickeln. In zwei Regionen Nordrhein-Westfalens wurden mithilfe eines Fragebogens und ergänzender Interviews Daten zu der generellen Durchführung der Beratungsbesuche, der Perspektive pflegebedürftiger Menschen und ihrer Angehörigen sowie der Sichtweise der ambulanten Pflegedienste erhoben. Basierend auf den Befunden wurde ein familienorientierter Beratungsansatz entwickelt und in 80 häuslichen Pflegearrangements erprobt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass trotz beachtlicher Entwicklungen in einigen Pflegediensten zur Gestaltung der Beratung die Angemessenheit und Qualität aus Sicht der Nutzer/innen vorwiegend vom Zufall abhängt. Der familienorientierte Beratungsansatz eröffnet die Möglichkeit für ein vertiefendes Verständnis der häuslichen Pflegearrangements, auf dessen Grundlage gezielte und den Problemen angemessene Empfehlungen gegeben werden können.
Objectives: to identify the errors in daily intensive nursing care and analyze them according to the theory of human error. Method: quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study, undertaken at the Intensive Care Center of a hospital in the Brazilian Sentinel Hospital Network. The participants were 36 professionals from the nursing team. The data were collected through semistructured interviews, observation and lexical analysis in the software ALCESTE®. Results: human error in nursing care can be related to the approach of the system, through active faults and latent conditions. The active faults are represented by the errors in medication administration and not raising the bedside rails. The latent conditions can be related to the communication difficulties in the multiprofessional team, lack of standards and institutional routines and absence of material resources. Conclusion: the errors identified interfere in nursing care and the clients’ recovery and can cause damage. Nevertheless, they are treated as common events inherent in daily practice. The need to acknowledge these events is emphasized, stimulating the safety culture at the institution.
Introduction: Establishing continuity of care in handovers at changes of shift is a challenging endeavor that is jeopardized by time pressure and errors typically occurring during synchronous communication. Only if the outgoing and incoming persons manage to collaboratively build a common ground for the next steps of care is it possible to ensure a proper continuation. Electronic systems, in particular electronic patient record systems, are powerful providers of information but their actual use might threaten achieving a common understanding of the patient if they force clinicians to work asynchronously. In order to gain a deeper understanding of communication failures and how to overcome them, we performed a systematic review of the literature, aiming to answer the following four research questions: (1a) What are typical errors and (1b) their consequences in handovers? (2) How can they be overcome by conventional strategies and instruments? (3) electronic systems? (4) Are there any instruments to support collaborative grounding?
Methods: We searched the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, and COCHRANE for articles on handovers in general and in combination with the terms electronic record systems and grounding that covered the time period of January 2000 to May 2012.
Results: The search led to 519 articles of which 60 were then finally included into the review. We found a sharp increase in the number of relevant studies starting with 2008. As could be documented by 20 studies that addressed communication errors, omission of detailed patient information including anticipatory guidance during handovers was the greatest problem. This deficiency could be partly overcome by structuring and systematizing the information, e.g. according to Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation schema (SBAR), and by employing electronic tools integrated in electronic records systems as 23 studies on conventional and 22 articles on electronic systems showed. Despite the increase in quantity and quality of the information achieved, it also became clear that there was still the unsolved problem of anticipatory guidance and presenting “the full story” of the patient. Only a small number of studies actually addressed how to establish common ground with the help of electronic tools.
Discussion: The increase in studies manifests the rise of great interest in the handover scenario. Electronic patient record systems proved to be excellent information feeders to handover tools, but their role in collaborative grounding is unclear. Concepts of how to move to joint information processing and IT-enabled social interaction have to be implemented and tested.
In the race against climate change, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a fundamental role. To clarify the contribution of corporate culture to SMEs' emission reduction, three perspectives can be useful: corporate culture as driver and barrier, current and planned corporate culture development actions, and the corporate culture profile as an outcome. As the first application of the extended Belief-Action-Outcome framework, this single case study exemplifies the role of corporate culture in an SME from the steel construction and manufacturing sector in Germany. The investigated SME has achieved emission reduction while increasing its revenue and is an early adopter of sustainable and digital development. The rich insights from an employee survey, semi-structured interviews, observation, and document analysis allowed us to outline an informed approach toward corporate culture development that emphasizes vision development of the desired corporate culture and the role of information systems for promoting emission reduction.
Household income determines access to specialized pediatric chronic pain treatment in Germany
(2016)
Background
Families with lower socioeconomic status (SES) often face problems with gaining access to health care services. Information is scarce on the relationship between SES and health care delivery for children suffering from chronic pain.
Methods
Families presenting to a specialized pain center (N = 1,001) provided information on ‘household income, ‘parental education’ and ‘occupation’ to aid the evaluation of their SES. To assess whether the SES of the clinical sample is representative of the general population, it was compared to data from a community sample (N = 14,558). For the clinical sample, travel distance to the clinic was described in relation to the 75 % catchment area. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between SES and the journey from outside the catchment area.
Results
The SES was significantly higher in the clinical sample than in the community sample. Within the clinical sample, the distance traveled to the pain center increased with increasing SES. The 75 % catchment area was 143 miles for families with the highest SES and 78 miles for the lowest SES. ‘Household income’ predicted travel distance (OR 1.32 (1.12–1.56)). Education and occupational status were not significant predictors of travel from outside the catchment area.
Conclusions
In Germany, specialized care for children with chronic pain is subject to disparities in access. Future activities should focus on identifying barriers to access and seeking to prevent inequalities in specialized pediatric health care delivery. Increasing the number of specialized treatment facilities could improve access to specialized pediatric pain treatment, regardless of socioeconomic determinants.
Befragt wurden 669 Dozent*innen und 279 Student*innen zu ihrem Erleben der Hochschullehre in Zeiten der Corona-Pandemie im Sommersemester 2020. Die Ergebnisse zeigen in beiden Gruppen, dass die Präsenzlehre mit einer höheren Zufriedenheit einhergeht und die Befragten auch nach der Pandemie mehrheitlich eine Rückkehr zur Präsenzlehre präferieren. Unter Dozent*innen sind diese Präferenzen stärker ausgeprägt
als unter Student*innen. In Zeiten der Pandemie präferieren beide Gruppen die digitale Lehre. Im Bereich der digitalen Lehre sind Formate, in denen Dozent*innen und Student*innen zeitgleich miteinander interagieren (synchrone Lehre), gegenüber Formaten, in denen dies nicht möglich ist (asynchrone Lehre), in beiden Gruppen mit größerer Zufriedenheit assoziiert. Die Vorerfahrung der Befragten mit digitaler Lehre sowie die Informationspolitik der Hochschule im Sommersemester 2020 nehmen positiv Einfluss auf das Erleben sowie
die Präferenzen für digitale Lehre. Hingegen wirkt sich in beiden Gruppen der im Corona-Semester zu verzeichnende Workload negativ aus.