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Wirtschaftsinformatik und Medizinische Informatik gehören zu den sogenannten Bindestrich-Informatik-Fächern, die sich mit der Anwendung der Methoden und Erkenntnisse der Informatik, aber auch mit der Weiterentwicklung solcher Methoden und Erkenntnisse für gewisse Anwendungsgebiete befassen. Auf einer Podiumsdiskussion der Jahrestagung 2018 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (GMDS) wurde für Wirtschaftsinformatik, Medizinische Informatik und Informatik analysiert wie sie zueinander stehen. Die Analyse erfolgte anhand von fünf Fragen:
1. Welche grundlegenden Ziele bestimmen die jeweilige wissenschaftliche Arbeit?
2. Wie ist der Praxisbezug ausgeprägt?
3. Inwieweit sind Besonderheiten von Medizin bzw. Ökonomie prägend für die jeweilige wissenschaftliche Arbeit?
4. Welche Rolle spielen Theoriefundierung und Evidenz?
5. Was können Wirtschaftsinformatik und Informatik von Medizinischer Informatik und Medizin lernen – und umgekehrt?
Die Analyse zeigt, dass die drei Disziplinen von einem systematischen wechselseitigen Austausch profitieren können. Das „Lernende Gesundheitssystem“ bietet Ansätze für einen entsprechenden Rahmen.
Background: Crowding in emergency departments (ED) has a negative impact on quality of care and can be averted by allocating additional resources based on predictive crowding models. However, there is a lack in effective external overall predictors, particularly those representing public activity.
Objectives: This study, therefore, examines public activity measured by regional road traffic flow as an external predictor of ED crowding in an urban hospital.
Methods: Seasonal autoregressive cross-validated models (SARIMA) were compared with respect to their forecasting error on ED crowding data.
Results: It could be shown that inclusion of inflowing road traffic into a SARIMA model effectively improved prediction errors.
Conclusion: The results provide evidence that circadian patterns of medical emergencies are connected to human activity levels in the region and could be captured by public monitoring of traffic flow. In order to corroborate this model, data from further years and additional regions need to be considered. It would also be interesting to study public activity by additional variables.
By drawing on the two prevailing economic stardom theories, the paper investigates the sources of superstardom in the US movie industry. For the econometric analysis, we use income and popularity data of screen actresses and actors from the annual Celebrity 100 lists as published by Forbes Magazine. The empirical findings indicate that Hollywood, in contrast to other professional settings, supports two different types of stars. While 'talent stars' exploit acting merit, it is media exposure that drives the income of 'publicity stars'. Apparently, in the motion picture industry both underlying resources are equally important and equally valued. Based on these insights we develop concrete recommendations for the career management of artists and the management of film projects.
Der Wandel von Arbeit, der als Subjektivierung und Digitalisierung diskutiert wird, hat unerwartete Folgen: Mehr Selbstverantwortung schafft noch keine befreite Welt der Erwerbsarbeit, und Technik dringt in die Domänen geistiger Arbeit ein. Der Band versammelt Analysen aus soziologischer, psychologischer und psychoanalytischer Sicht und beleuchtet Subjektivität in der Erwerbsarbeit mithilfe verschiedener theoretisch-konzeptioneller Zugänge. Das Ziel ist, einen neuen Bezugsrahmen für kritische Arbeitsforschung zu bilden. Der Inhalt Erfordert der Wandel von Arbeit eine neue Sicht auf Subjektivität? Zur Einführung • Humane Arbeit als geistige Arbeit? • Relationale Subjektivität in subjektivierten Arbeitsverhältnissen • Wie brauchbar sind rollentheoretische Konzeptionen in flexibilisierten Arbeits- und Lebenswelten? • Aus der Subjektivierungsfalle zum handlungsfähigen Akteur – Das Versprechen der Aktionsforschung • Herrschaftsverhältnisse und Wissensformen – Kritische Betrachtung eines Umbruchs bei der Wissensvermittlung in Unternehmen • Die Grenzen instrumenteller Verfügbarkeit von Subjektivität – Einsichten aus der Arbeitswelt der Pflege • Entfremdung und Aneignung in der Arbeit • Subjekt-Objekt-Relationen in der Sozialisation, in der Arbeit und im Alltag Die Herausgebenden Fritz Böhle, Prof. Dr., Universität Augsburg und Institut für sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung e.V. München. Eva Senghaas-Knobloch, Prof. Dr., Universität Bremen, interdisziplinäres Forschungszentrum Nachhaltigkeit (artec)
Aims: Intercultural competence has become a key-competence, since the world has become more and more volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous. Therefore, insights in the development of intercultural competence and its´ links to individual traits are crucial for companies and researchers to face the requirements in a VUCA world. This study examines the relationship between the time, students spent abroad, personality traits and circumstances during this time with the student’s intercultural competence and integration performance in the target culture. The study had a correlative cross-sectional design. Design and sample: A total of 202 academic subjects were surveyed. The average age was 22 years. There was one measuring time, to which 58 % of the participants stated that they have had a stay abroad. Measurements: Metacognitive, cognitive, motivational and behavioural intercultural competence were measured with the Cultural Intelligence Scale. The personality traits involvement, discipline, social competence, cooperation, dominance and stability were captured with the "Bochum inventory for job-related personality description-6F". Work-related attitudes as patterns of behaviour and experience were measured using the "Work-related Behaviour and Experiencing Pattern 44" (German: Arbeitsbezogene Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster, AVEM). This scale captures the way participants relate to work in general based on the measurement of personality traits and their fit to specific clusters, which describe, whether individuals have healthy or risky patterns. In addition, the demographic factors and characteristics of stays abroad as well as the integration into the target culture based on the Sociocultural Adaption Scale were examined. The data was tested for relationships and differences by tests for mean differences, variance and regression analyses. Results: There was a positive correlation between duration and cognitive, motivational and behavioural intercultural competence. The motivational competence is higher in subjects who have no risk pattern in the AVEM. The different types of competence influence each other at diverse times. Moreover, the suggested structural equation model could be confirmed. This showed the effect of the AVEM pattern on intercultural competence, moderated by the stay abroad and the social competence. Thus, the study contributes to the understanding of both the measurement of intercultural competence and the development process of intercultural competence in a globalized world.
Do multipliers have to be more sensitized for the issue diversity? Do they have to develop specific competences? Which do they already have? These questions were analysed by a qualitative investigation. Ca. 70 interviews with managers of the large DAX companies and employees were conducted. The results show a field of tension between self-perception and perception of others and the assessment of the relevance of diversity attitudes and measures, competences and their actual implementation. The results indicate the need of promotion of competences, especially regarding the intercultural competence. We position ourselves in a functionalist perspective, in line with the work on paradigms of Burell and Morgan (2017) and Deetz (1996) in social sciences and Cross-Cultural Management. We present these results from a functionalist perspective in order to ensure the greatest possible "objectivity".