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Institute
Background
We explore the association between bone T-scores, used in osteoporosis diagnosis, and functional status since we hypothesized that bone health can impact elderly functional status and indirectly independence.
Methods
In a cross-sectional study (2005–2006) on community dwelling elderly (> = 75 years) from Herne, Germany we measured bone T-scores with Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry, and functional status indexed by five geriatric tests: activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, test of dementia, geriatric depression score and the timed-up-and-go test, and two pooled indexes: raw and standardized. Generalized linear regression was used to determine the relationship between T-scores and functional status.
Results
From 3243 addresses, only 632 (19%) completed a clinical visit, of which only 440 (male∶female, 243∶197) could be included in analysis. T-scores (−0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.1–0.9) predicted activities of daily living (95.3 CI, 94.5–96.2), instrumental activities of daily living (7.3 CI, 94.5–96.2), and timed-up-and-go test (10.7 CI, 10.0–11.3) (P< = 0.05). Pooled data showed that a unit improvement in T-score improved standardized pooled functional status (15 CI, 14.7–15.3) by 0.41 and the raw (99.4 CI, 97.8–101.0) by 2.27 units. These results were limited due to pooling of different scoring directions, selection bias, and a need to follow-up with evidence testing.
Conclusions
T-scores associated with lower functional status in community-dwelling elderly. Regular screening of osteoporosis as a preventive strategy might help maintain life quality with aging.
Gesundes Arbeiten in Kindertagesstätten - Status Quo und Ansatzpunkte für das Gesundheitsmanagement
(2009)
Stichprobenzugang oder das Sampling: Problem bei kulturvergleichenden psychologischen Untersuchungen
(2009)
Cross-cultural research, quantitative or qualitative, is cost-intensive and laborious. Especially the empirical psychological research has to solve many methodic problems. Sampling has a common problem with generalization of psychological results. This factor exacerbates itself in a cross-cultural study, as the sampling has to meet certain criteria: 1. It should show a high representativeness of the normal distribution in every culture that is compared. 2. The samples of every culture, that is compared, have to be similar in order to guarantee their comparability. This article discusses and presents the kind of methodic difficulties emerging in these studies.