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Objective: To understand the significance of healthy living for users, professionals and managers of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) team.
Methods: Research of a qualitative nature, based on grounded theory. For data collection, interviews were conducted with 25 participants, including users, professionals and managers of a FHS team, during the period between March and December, 2009. Results: The collection and analysis of data was conducted in a systematic and comparative manner, demonstrating that healthy living can be characterized as a selforganizing process, mediated by the action of the FHS team professionals, especially by the community health agent, through creation of bonds of trust and stimulation of interactions and community associations. Conclusion: We concluded that healthy living is a singular phenomenon, complex, interactive, associative, political and social, coupled with the active involvement and participation of the users and by the engagement of effective and socially responsible professionals, managers and established political authorities.
Stakeholder relations and sustainability practices of US small and medium-sized manufacturers
(2012)
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the adoption of sustainability practices by small and medium-sized manufacturing (SMM) firms, the ways these firms work with their stakeholders for social and environmental purposes, and the relationships between the adoption of sustainability practices, stakeholder interaction, and product and process innovation.
Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses data from telephone interviews with 296 companies, a sustainability typology, and descriptive and statistical regression analysis.
Findings: The majority of the firms are adopting sustainability practices at least to some degree,stakeholders such as community advocacy groups, employees, suppliers, customers, and the localmedia are influencing the adoption of sustainability practices, and firms with high adoption rates of environmental practices are more successful in product and process innovation.Practical implications– The results of this research can help firms and stakeholder groups with their joint efforts to develop sustainability strategies. Community advocacy groups, employees,suppliers, customers, and the local media are capable of motivating firms to give something back tothe communities in which they conduct their business.
Originality/value: This paper contributes new understanding of the adoption of sustainabilitypractices by SMM firms, the ways these firms work with their stakeholders for social and environmental purposes, and the relationships between the adoption of sustainability practices,stakeholder interaction, and product and process innovation.
The biennial plant Gentianella bohemica is a subendemic of the Bohemian Massif, where it occurs in seminatural grasslands. It has become rare in recent decades as a result of profound changes in land use. Using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) fingerprint data, we investigated the genetic structure within and among populations of G. bohemica in Bavaria, the Czech Republic, and the Austrian border region. The aim of our study was (1) to analyze the genetic structure among populations and to discuss these findings in the context of present and historical patterns of connectivity and isolation of populations, (2) to analyze genetic structure among consecutive generations (cohorts of two consecutive years), and (3) to investigate relationships between intrapopulational diversity and effective population size (Ne) as well as plant traits. (1) The German populations were strongly isolated from each other (pairwise FST= 0.29–0.60) and from all other populations (FST= 0.24–0.49). We found a pattern of near panmixis among the latter (FST= 0.15–0.35) with geographical distance explaining only 8% of the genetic variance. These results were congruent with a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and analysis using STRUCTURE to identify genetically coherent groups. These findings are in line with the strong physical barrier and historical constraints, resulting in separation of the German populations from the others. (2) We found pronounced genetic differences between consecutive cohorts of the German populations (pairwise FST= 0.23 and 0.31), which can be explained by local population history (land use, disturbance). (3) Genetic diversity within populations (Shannon index, HSh) was significantly correlated with Ne (RS= 0.733) and reflected a loss of diversity due to several demographic bottlenecks. Overall, we found that the genetic structure in G. bohemica is strongly influenced by historical periods of high connectivity and isolation as well as by marked demographic fluctuations in declining populations.
Background: The painDETECT questionnaire (PD-Q) has been used as a tool to characterize sensory abnormalities in patients with persistent pain. This study investigated whether the self-reported sensory descriptors of patients with painful cervical radiculopathy (CxRAD) and patients with fibromyalgia (FM), as characterized by responses to verbal sensory descriptors from PD-Q (sensitivity to light touch, cold, heat, slight pressure, feeling of numbness in the main area of pain), were associated with the corresponding sensory parameters as demonstrated by quantitative sensory testing (QST).
Methods: Twenty-three patients with CxRAD (eight women, 46.3 ± 9.6 years) and 22 patients with FM (20 women, 46.1 ± 11.5 years) completed the PD-Q. Standardized QST of dynamic mechanical allodynia, cold and heat pain thresholds, pressure pain thresholds, mechanical and vibration detection thresholds, was recorded from the maximal pain area. Comparative QST data from 31 age-matched healthy controls (HCs; 15 women) were obtained.
Results: Patients with CxRAD demonstrated a match between their self-reported descriptors and QST parameters for all sensory parameters except for sensitivity to light touch, and these matches were statistically significant compared with HC data (p ≤ 0.006). The FM group demonstrated discrepancies between the PD-Q and QST sensory phenotypes for all sensory descriptors, indicating that the self-reported sensory descriptors did not consistently match the QST parameters (p = ≤0.017).
Conclusion: Clinicians and researchers should be cautious about relying on PD-Q as a stand-alone screening tool to determine sensory abnormalities in patients with FM.
Despite the wealth of literature on requirements engineering, little is known about engineering very generic, innovative and emerging requirements, such as those for cross-sectional information chains. The IKM health project aims at building information chain reference models for the care of patients with chronic wounds, cancer-related pain and back pain. Our question therefore was how to appropriately capture information and process requirements that are both generally applicable and practically useful. To this end, we started with recommendations from clinical guidelines and put them up for discussion in Delphi surveys and expert interviews. Despite the heterogeneity we encountered in all three methods, it was possible to obtain requirements suitable for building reference models. We evaluated three modelling languages and then chose to write the models in UML (class and activity diagrams). On the basis of the current project results, the pros and cons of our approach are discussed.
Wir berichten von einer Studie, in der das englischsprachige Original einer Skala zur Messung des organisationsbezogenen Selbstwertes in fünf weitere Sprachen (deutsch, polnisch, ungarisch, spanisch, malaiisch) übersetzt und validiert wurde. Befragt wurden die Mitarbeiter eines internationalen Konzerns in sieben Ländern (USA, Kanada, Deutschland, Polen, Spanien, Ungarn und Malaysia). Zur Validierung werden die Arbeitszufriedenheit, die selbst eingeschätzte Arbeitsleistung sowie die Unterstützung der Mitarbeiter bei der Umsetzung der Unternehmenswerte (Commitment) herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass die Übersetzungen erfolgreich verlaufen sind. In allen Fällen ergibt sich eine reliable Skala, die positiv mit den Validititätskriterien korreliert.
Since teachers spend several hours a day in interactions with other people, it seems plausible to assume that their social competencies are a vital foundation for their professional success. Thus, it makes sense to put special emphasis on such competencies in the context of career counseling/occupational orientation, teachers’ training and education as well as personnel selection procedures at schools. Hence instruments are required to measure job-relevant social competencies. Subsequently, we will describe the development and validation of a self-perception questionnaire to measure social competencies of teachers. It was designed as a self-assessment procedure and it informs on 10 job-relevant competencies. The main application areas lie in occupational orientation as well as in self-refl ection during university studies. Further application areas will be discussed.