Refine
Document Type
- Working Paper (5)
- Article (4)
- Conference Proceeding (3)
- Other (1)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (13)
Keywords
- Public Health (4)
- Epidemiology (3)
- Cancer registry (2)
- Clinical (2)
- Ecological study (2)
- Nutritional Policy (2)
- Nutritional Sciences (2)
- metabolomics (2)
- ADL (1)
- Age Period Cohort Modelling (1)
Institute
- Fakultät AuL (12)
- LearningCenter (1)
Einleitung
Die Prävalenz der über 80-jährigen bei Ulcus cruris venosum (VLU) beträgt 4-5 %, obwohl diese Altersgruppe nur 1 % der Gesamtbevölkerung ausmacht. Zusätzlich wird bei VLU-Patienten häufig eine Mangelernährung beobachtet. Insbesondere geriatrische Patienten leiden darunter. Dabei ist bekannt, dass Mangelernährung Einfluss auf die Wundheilung und somit auf die Lebensqualität der Patienten hat. Diverse Studien beschreiben erste erfolgreiche ernährungstherapeutische Ansätze für einen beschleunigten Wundheilungsprozess. Allerdings ist die Ernährungstherapie bei VLU-Patienten wenig erforscht. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es einen Überblick über den ernährungsphysiologischen Einfluss zur VLU zu schaffen, um mögliche Ernährungsinterventionen für geriatrische Patienten zu erhalten.
Diet can influence healthy aging through anti- or proinflammatory effects, partly by modulating the gut microbiome composition. This study investigated the relationships between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), the gut microbiome, and nutritional status in elderly individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 114 home-dwelling individuals aged over 70 years. The Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) was calculated from 3-day food diaries, and blood samples were taken to measure micronutrient status, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance, and fecal gut microbiome composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The participants were categorized into maintaining an anti-inflammatory diet (AD) and a pro-inflammatory diet (PD) based on the median E-DII score. The associations of E-DII groups with blood markers and microbial diversity and composition were examined using the analysis of covariance, permutational analysis of variance, and multivariate linear models. Results: The AD (n = 57, 76 ± 3.83 years) and PD (n = 57, 75 ± 5.21 years) groups were similar in age but differed in sex distribution, with a higher proportion of females in the AD group (p = 0.02). When compared to the PD group and adjusted for sex, the AD group had a lower body mass index, fat mass, fasting insulin level, HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance), fasting triglycerides, and serum uric acid concentration (all p < 0.05), with higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein, red-blood-cell folate (RBC), and Omega-3 index (all p < 0.05). While the microbial diversity and composition did not differ between the DII groups, folate concentrations were negatively associated with Agathobacter and positively associated with Bacteroides abundance (both q = 0.23). Lower uric acid concentrations were associated with a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium (q = 0.09) and lower abundance of Phocaeicola (q = 0.11). Discussion: The study suggests that following an anti-inflammatory diet is associated with improved nutritional status in the elderly. Dietary blood markers, rather than E-DII, were found to be associated with the gut microbiome, suggesting a potential link between the microbiome and changes in nutritional markers independent of diet. Further studies are needed to explore the causal relationship between dietary inflammatory potential, gut microbiome, and healthy aging.
Advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing have propelled research into the human microbiome and its link to metabolic health. We explore microbiome analysis methods, specifically emphasizing metabolomics, how dietary choices impact the production of microbial metabolites, providing an overview of studies examining the connection between enterotypes and diet, and thus, improvement of personalized dietary recommendations. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate constitute more than 95% of the collective pool of short-chain fatty acids. Conflicting data on acetate’s effects may result from its dynamic signaling, which can vary depending on physiological conditions and metabolic phenotypes. Human studies suggest that propionate has overall anti-obesity effects due to its well-documented chemistry, cellular signaling mechanisms, and various clinical benefits. Butyrate, similar to propionate, has the ability to reduce obesity by stimulating the release of appetite-suppressing hormones and promoting the synthesis of leptin. Tryptophan affects systemic hormone secretion, with indole stimulating the release of GLP-1, which impacts insulin secretion, appetite suppression, and gastric emptying. Bile acids, synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and subsequently modified by gut bacteria, play an essential role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins, but they also interact directly with intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. One study using statistical methods identified primarily two groupings of enterotypes Bacteroides and Ruminococcus. The Prevotella-dominated enterotype, P-type, in humans correlates with vegetarians, high-fiber and carbohydrate-rich diets, and traditional diets. Conversely, individuals who consume diets rich in animal fats and proteins, typical in Western-style diets, often exhibit the Bacteroides-dominated, B-type, enterotype. The P-type showcases efficient hydrolytic enzymes for plant fiber degradation but has limited lipid and protein fermentation capacity. Conversely, the B-type features specialized enzymes tailored for the degradation of animal-derived carbohydrates and proteins, showcasing an enhanced saccharolytic and proteolytic potential. Generally, models excel at predictions but often struggle to fully elucidate why certain substances yield varied responses. These studies provide valuable insights into the potential for personalized dietary recommendations based on enterotypes
Studies on nutrition have historically concentrated on food-shortages and over-nutrition. The physiological states of feeling hungry or being satiated and its dynamics in food choices, dietary patterns, and nutritional behavior, have not been the focus of many studies. Currently, visual analytic using easy-to-use tooling offers applicability in a wide-range of disciplines. In this interdisciplinary pilot-study we tested a novel visual analytic software to assess dietary patterns and food choices for greater understanding of nutritional behavior when hungry and when satiated. We developed software toolchain and tested the hypotheses that there is no difference between visual search patterns of dishes 1) when hungry and when satiated and 2) in being vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Results indicate that food choices can be deviant from dietary patterns but correlate slightly with dish-gazing. Further, scene perception probably could vary between being hungry and satiated. Understanding t he complicated relationship between scene perception and nutritional behavioral patterns and scaling up this pilot-study to a full-study using our introduced software approaches is indispensable.
Objectives: Among varied challenges of COVID-19, challenges in food and nutrition security world-over are critical. We compared the nutritional policy responses in India and Germany since both countries differ on the Human Development Index, yet both have committed to the G20 common policy response to COVID-19, besides the comparability of two large and heterogeneously populated countries, both having democratic governments.
Methods: Policy research publications were reviewed using qualitative meta-policy approach. We used comparative case-study. Recent food and nutrition policies of G20 nations of India and Germany were evaluated.
Results: India has primarily targeted her public distribution system and Germany has primarily targeted her food markets in order to manage the food and nutrition security in response to COVID-19. Both countries are coordinating additional associated nutritional policies, policies and strategies to effect an integrated sectoral approach to COVID-19 management. Both are using corrective measures of the process management strategies as well. However, the Indian management of micronutrient security for her population has over COVID-19 times acerbated and the German loan management to nutrition and agricultural small-scale industry appears to be functioning sub-optimally.
Conclusions: Our analysis indicates both India and Germany have responded to COVID-19 in a timely and appropriate manner regarding the food and nutrition security measures. Even so not all measures employed to tackle COVID-19 food and nutrition security have been effectively implemented, It appears, that both countries are using integrated policy in their nutrition and food security response to COVID-19.
Primary Liver Cancers : Connecting the Dots of Cellular Studies and Epidemiology with Metabolomics
(2023)
Liver cancers are rising worldwide. Between molecular and epidemiological studies, a research gap has emerged which might be amenable to the technique of metabolomics. This review investigates the current understanding of liver cancer’s trends, etiology and its correlates with existing literature for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and hepatoblastoma (HB). Among additional factors, the literature reports dysfunction in the tricarboxylic acid metabolism, primarily for HB and HCC, and point mutations and signaling for CCA. All cases require further investigation of upstream and downstream events. All liver cancers reported dysfunction in the WNT/β-catenin and P13K/AKT/mTOR pathways as well as changes in FGFR. Metabolites of IHD1, IDH2, miRNA, purine, Q10, lipids, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, acylcarnitine, 2-HG and propionyl-CoA emerged as crucial and there was an attempt to elucidate the WNT/β-catenin and P13K/AKT/mTOR pathways metabolomically.
In der Schriftenreihe „Voneinander Lehren lernen“ publiziert das LearningCenter der Hochschule Osnabrück anwendungsbezogene Beiträge zur Qualitätsentwicklung in Studium und Lehre. Die Schriftenreihe ist an das Konzept des „Scholarship of Teaching and Learning“ (SoTL) angelehnt. Demnach soll sie insbesondere den Fachlehrenden verschiedener Studiengänge als Plattform dienen, um ihre eigenen Erfahrungen, Ideen und Konzepte zur Lehr- und Studiengangentwicklung systematisch zu reflektieren und entsprechende Erkenntnisse für andere nutzbar zu machen. Ziel ist es, den Diskurs über hochschuldidaktische Themen in die Fächer zu tragen und so die Qualität der Lehr-Lernprozesse in den Studiengängen zu fördern. In diesem vierten Band der Schriftenreihe werden Projekte der Hochschule Osnabrück beschrieben, die im Rahmen des Programms „Innovative Lehr- und Lernkonzepte: Innovation plus“ des Landes Niedersachsen gefördert wurden. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf abgeschlossenen Projekten der ersten beiden Ausschreibungsrunden. Gemeinsam ist den vorgestellten Initiativen, dass sie nicht nur das fachbezogene Lernen unterstützen, sondern auch zur Förderung überfachlicher Kompetenzen im Rahmen curricularer Lehre beitragen. Ergänzt werden die Texte der Fachlehrenden daher durch einen Aufsatz, in dem Mitarbeitende des LearningCenters diesen integrativen Ansatz und alternative Herangehensweisen zur Förderung überfachlicher Kompetenzen diskutieren.
Objectives
Among varied challenges of COVID-19, challenges in food and nutrition security world-over are critical. We compared the nutritional policy responses in India and Germany since both countries differ on the Human Development Index, yet both have committed to the G20 common policy response to COVID-19, besides the comparability of two large and heterogeneously populated countries, both having democratic governments. Policy research publications were reviewed using
Methods
qualitative meta-policy approach. We used comparative case-study. Recent food and nutrition policies of G20 nations of India and Germany were evaluated. India has primarily targeted her public distribution system and Germany has primarily targeted her food markets in order to
Results
manage the food and nutrition security in response to COVID-19. Both countries are coordinating additional associated nutritional policies, policies and strategies to effect an integrated sectoral approach to COVID-19 management. Both are using corrective measures of the process
management strategies as well. However, the Indian management of micronutrient security for her population has over COVID-19 times acerbated and the German loan management to nutrition and agricultural small-scale industry appears to be functioning sub-optimally.
Conclusions
Our analysis indicates both India and Germany have responded to COVID-19 in a timely and appropriate manner regarding the food and nutrition security measures. Even so not all measures employed to tackle COVID-19 food and nutrition security have been effectively implemented, It appears, that both countries are using integrated policy in their nutrition and food security response to COVID-19.
Background
The aim of this qualitative study was to identify a practice level model that could explain a sustained change in nutritional behavior.
Methods
The study used three data inputs from four interviewees, one merged input from a married couple, as narrative interviews. The interviews were analyzed using grounded theory.
Results
Coexistence of a certain suffering and a triggering episode lead to the decision to change nutritional life-style by all interviewed. Maintenance of the self-determined newly learned nutritional behavior was supported by subject-related intrinsic motivation, the ability to reflect, and a low expectation of success from the behavioral change. Environment-related factors were identified as support from life-partner and peers. Subjects reported that the sustained nutritional behavior change impacted their holistic health through subject-perceived improved life quality, increase in the number of social contacts, and a change in personal attitudes and perception. The analysis remains limited, and at best hypothesis generating, in that only three data inputs from four interviewees were used.
Conclusion
In this hypothesis-generating narrative interview study of four study subjects, volition, personal decision making, and long-term motivation (though not external determination) seemed to sustain a change in newly learned nutritional behavior.
Background
We explore the association between bone T-scores, used in osteoporosis diagnosis, and functional status since we hypothesized that bone health can impact elderly functional status and indirectly independence.
Methods
In a cross-sectional study (2005–2006) on community dwelling elderly (> = 75 years) from Herne, Germany we measured bone T-scores with Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry, and functional status indexed by five geriatric tests: activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, test of dementia, geriatric depression score and the timed-up-and-go test, and two pooled indexes: raw and standardized. Generalized linear regression was used to determine the relationship between T-scores and functional status.
Results
From 3243 addresses, only 632 (19%) completed a clinical visit, of which only 440 (male∶female, 243∶197) could be included in analysis. T-scores (−0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.1–0.9) predicted activities of daily living (95.3 CI, 94.5–96.2), instrumental activities of daily living (7.3 CI, 94.5–96.2), and timed-up-and-go test (10.7 CI, 10.0–11.3) (P< = 0.05). Pooled data showed that a unit improvement in T-score improved standardized pooled functional status (15 CI, 14.7–15.3) by 0.41 and the raw (99.4 CI, 97.8–101.0) by 2.27 units. These results were limited due to pooling of different scoring directions, selection bias, and a need to follow-up with evidence testing.
Conclusions
T-scores associated with lower functional status in community-dwelling elderly. Regular screening of osteoporosis as a preventive strategy might help maintain life quality with aging.