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- Fakultät WiSo (86) (remove)
Objectives
The aims of the present study were to provide back pain (BP) point prevalence data from inpatients at an Australian tertiary hospital on one day, and compare this with Australian non-hospitalized population prevalence data; to collect data around the development of BP throughout hospital admission; and to analyse the association between BP and past history of BP, gender, age, admission specialty and hospital length of stay (LOS).
Methods
This was a single-site, prospective, observational study of hospitalized inpatients on one day during 2016, with a subsequent survey over the following 11 days (unless discharge or death occurred sooner).
Results
Data were collected from 343 patients (75% of the hospitalized cohort). A third of patients (n = 108) reported BP on admission, and almost a fifth (n = 63) developed new BP during their hospitalization. Patients who described BP at any time during their hospital stay had a higher chance of having had a history of BP, with odds increasing after adjustment for age and gender (odds ratio 5.89; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0 to 11.6; p < 0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, those experiencing BP had a significantly longer LOS (median 13 days; CI 10.8 to 15.3) than those who did not (median 10 days; CI 8.4 to 11.6; p = 0.034).
Conclusions
Hospital LOS for patients who complained of BP at any time during their admission was 3 days longer than those who had no BP, and a history of BP predicted a higher likelihood of BP during admission. Screening of patients on admission to identify any history of BP, and application of a package of care including early mobilization and analgesia may prevent the onset of BP and reduce LOS.
The acceptance of mobile payments has been limited. This paper, therefore, attempts to investigate the determinants of mobile payment adoption. To this end, it examines the relationships between the personality trait dimensions of the Technology Readiness Index 2.0 and the system-specific dimensions of the Technology Acceptance Model in Germany and South Africa. The model was tested using structural equation modeling. Results show that some, but not all, of the Technology Readiness Index 2.0 variables had a significant influence on the dimensions of the Technology Acceptance Model. Perceived Usefulness was the strongest predictor of the intention to use mobile payments. The factor “country” did not moderate the structural relationships.
Die vorliegende Studie untersucht erstmals differenziert konkrete Strategien, die Bewerber in der Phase der Vorbereitung sowie der Durchführung von Auswahlverfahren einsetzen. In einer Befragung von 999 Personen wird sowohl nach der Einstellung bezüglich derartiger Strategien als auch nach deren Umsetzung bezogen auf Bewerbungsunterlagen, Einstellungsinterview, Testverfahren und Assessment Center gefragt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Mehrheit der Bewerber in starkem Maße strategisch agiert. In der Vorbereitungsphase bezieht sich dies insbesondere auf die Sichtung von Ratgeberliteratur und den Austausch mit Freunden / Bekannten. Bewerbungstrainings haben demgegenüber eine untergeordnete Bedeutung. Bei der Verfassung von Bewerbungsunterlagen greift die Mehrheit unter anderem auf Vorlagen zurück, die nur noch angepasst werden. Im Einstellungsinterview wird unter anderem die Darstellung der eigenen Stärken an die Stellenanforderungen angepasst. Fast alle Befragten wenden wenigstens eine Strategie an. Bewerber, die sich in den letzten fünf Jahren beworben haben, agieren insgesamt aktiver als Personen, deren letzte Bewerbung länger zurückliegt.
Bei der Sichtung von Bewerbungsunterlagen werden in der Praxis u. a. Freizeitaktivitäten wie etwa sportliche Betätigungen zur Bewertung der Kandidaten herangezogen. Im Rahmen einer Studie mit 291 Probanden wird erstmals differenziert untersucht, inwieweit sportliche Aktivitäten einen Indikator der Leistungsmotivation darstellen und sich somit als Kriterium zur Sichtung von Bewerbungsunterlagen eignen. Die Probanden füllen mehrere Skalen zur Messung ihrer beruflichen Leistungsmotivation aus und machen zusätzlich Angaben zu Art und Intensität sportlicher Aktivitäten inklusive der Teilnahme an sportlichen Wettkämpfen. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die Intensität der sportlichen Betätigung mit erhöhten Werten auf den meisten Skalen der beruflichen Leistungsmotivation einhergeht. Die Wettkampfintensität zeigt positive Zusammenhänge zu Wettbewerbsorientierung, Leistungsstolz und Beharrlichkeit. Weder die Sportart (Individual- vs. Mannschaftssport) noch die Dauer der Jahre, über die hinweg Sport betrieben wurde, ermöglichen jedoch eine Aussage über die berufliche Leistungsmotivation. Aus den Befunden werden Empfehlungen für die Praxis der Sichtung von Bewerbungsunterlagen abgeleitet.
Recent theoretical models suggest that repetitive negative thinking might be a key mechanism explaining the negative effects of maternal psychopathology on mother–infant relations. While an emerging body of research largely supports this idea, the relative importance of differences in the trajectory of repetitive negative thinking during and after pregnancy for mother–infant bonding as well as maternal depressive symptoms is currently unknown. Therefore, we investigated associations between the course of maternal repetitive negative thinking during pregnancy and after birth and mother–infant-bonding and maternal depressive symptoms in a longitudinal study. The overall level of repetitive negative thinking was a significant predictor of mother–infant bonding, maternal anxiety and rejection in dealing with her infant four months after birth. Furthermore, differences in the trajectory of repetitive negative thinking predicted bonding, but not anxiety or rejection. The overall levels of repetitive negative thinking as well as the differences in the trajectory of repetitive negative thinking were significant predictors of maternal depressive symptoms. These findings indicate that changes of repetitive negative thinking during and after pregnancy can increase the risk of postpartum depressive symptoms.
Background: For more than 30 years, there has been close cooperation between Japanese and German scientists with regard to information systems in health care. Collaboration has been formalized by an agreement between the respective scientific associations. Following this agreement, two joint workshops took place to explore the similarities and differences of electronic health record systems (EHRS) against the background of the two national healthcare systems that share many commonalities.
Objectives: To establish a framework and requirements for the quality of EHRS that may also serve as a basis for comparing different EHRS.
Methods: Donabedian's three dimensions of quality of medical care were adapted to the outcome, process, and structural quality of EHRS and their management. These quality dimensions were proposed before the first workshop of EHRS experts and enriched during the discussions.
Results: The Quality Requirements Framework of EHRS (QRF-EHRS) was defined and complemented by requirements for high quality EHRS. The framework integrates three quality dimensions (outcome, process, and structural quality), three layers of information systems (processes and data, applications, and physical tools) and three dimensions of information management (strategic, tactical, and operational information management).
Conclusions: Describing and comparing the quality of EHRS is in fact a multidimensional problem as given by the QRF-EHRS framework. This framework will be utilized to compare Japanese and German EHRS, notably those that were presented at the second workshop.
The primary objective of this study was to determine the structural and known-group validity as well as the inter-rater reliability of a test battery to evaluate the motor control of the craniofacial region. Seventy volunteers without TMD and 25 subjects with TMD (Axes I) per the DC/TMD were asked to execute a test battery consisting of eight tests. The tests were video-taped in the same sequence in a standardised manner. Two experienced physical therapists participated in this study as blinded assessors. We used exploratory factor analysis to identify the underlying component structure of the eight tests. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α), inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient) and construct validity (ie, hypothesis testing-known-group validity) (receiver operating curves) were also explored for the test battery. The structural validity showed the presence of one factor underlying the construct of the test battery. The internal consistency was excellent (0.90) as well as the inter-rater reliability. All values of reliability were close to 0.9 or above indicating very high inter-rater reliability. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.93 for rater 1 and 0.94 for rater two, respectively, indicating excellent discrimination between subjects with TMD and healthy controls. The results of the present study support the psychometric properties of test battery to measure motor control of the craniofacial region when evaluated through videotaping. This test battery could be used to differentiate between healthy subjects and subjects with musculoskeletal impairments in the cervical and oro-facial regions. In addition, this test battery could be used to assess the effectiveness of management strategies in the craniofacial region.