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Institute
- Fakultät WiSo (21)
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Aim: The aim of this study was to give an overview of family caregiver satisfaction within the home palliative care situation in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: An anonymous questionnaire, with seven validated scales, and comprising of 71 items, was used. The items investigated perceived needs and burdens of families within a home-based palliative care situation.
The satisfaction of the family caregivers with the services delivered by palliative care teams was measured by the FAMCARE-2 Scale. Descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed.
Results: A convenience sample of 106 family members agreed to participate in the study. Overall, we found high satisfaction within our sample. There was high satisfaction with how the services respected the dignity of families, and how they provided comfort to patients. Satisfaction was lower with regard to information about patients.
Conclusion: High or low satisfaction with palliative care, tells us little about the quality of services. The high satisfaction within this study could be interpreted as a sign that palliative care was important to families at the time of availability. Regular and continuous assessment can serve to inform the continuous quality of care provision for patients and their families.
The break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991 triggered cropland abandonment on a continental scale, which in turn ledto carbon accumulation on abandoned land across Eurasia. Previous studies have estimated carbon accumulationrates across Russia based on large-scale modelling. Studies that assess carbon sequestration on abandoned land basedon robust field sampling are rare. We investigated soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks using a randomized samplingdesign along a climatic gradient from forest steppe to Sub-Taiga in Western Siberia (Tyumen Province). In total, SOCcontents were sampled on 470 plots across different soil and land-use types. The effect of land use on changes in SOCstock was evaluated, and carbon sequestration rates were calculated for different age stages of abandoned cropland.While land-use type had an effect on carbon accumulation in the topsoil (0–5 cm), no independent land-use effectswere found for deeper SOC stocks. Topsoil carbon stocks of grasslands and forests were significantly higher thanthose of soils managed for crops and under abandoned cropland. SOC increased significantly with time sinceabandonment. The average carbon sequestration rate for soils of abandoned cropland was 0.66 Mg C ha1yr1(1–20 years old, 0–5 cm soil depth), which is at the lower end of published estimates for Russia and Siberia. Therewas a tendency towards SOC saturation on abandoned land as sequestration rates were much higher for recentlyabandoned (1–10 years old, 1.04 Mg C ha1yr1) compared to earlier abandoned crop fields (11–20 years old,0.26 Mg C ha1yr1). Our study confirms the global significance of abandoned cropland in Russia for carbonsequestration. Our findings also suggest that robust regional surveys based on a large number of samples advancemodel-based continent-wide SOC prediction.
The primary objective of this study was to determine the structural and known-group validity as well as the inter-rater reliability of a test battery to evaluate the motor control of the craniofacial region. Seventy volunteers without TMD and 25 subjects with TMD (Axes I) per the DC/TMD were asked to execute a test battery consisting of eight tests. The tests were video-taped in the same sequence in a standardised manner. Two experienced physical therapists participated in this study as blinded assessors. We used exploratory factor analysis to identify the underlying component structure of the eight tests. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α), inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient) and construct validity (ie, hypothesis testing-known-group validity) (receiver operating curves) were also explored for the test battery. The structural validity showed the presence of one factor underlying the construct of the test battery. The internal consistency was excellent (0.90) as well as the inter-rater reliability. All values of reliability were close to 0.9 or above indicating very high inter-rater reliability. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.93 for rater 1 and 0.94 for rater two, respectively, indicating excellent discrimination between subjects with TMD and healthy controls. The results of the present study support the psychometric properties of test battery to measure motor control of the craniofacial region when evaluated through videotaping. This test battery could be used to differentiate between healthy subjects and subjects with musculoskeletal impairments in the cervical and oro-facial regions. In addition, this test battery could be used to assess the effectiveness of management strategies in the craniofacial region.
Recent theoretical models suggest that repetitive negative thinking might be a key mechanism explaining the negative effects of maternal psychopathology on mother–infant relations. While an emerging body of research largely supports this idea, the relative importance of differences in the trajectory of repetitive negative thinking during and after pregnancy for mother–infant bonding as well as maternal depressive symptoms is currently unknown. Therefore, we investigated associations between the course of maternal repetitive negative thinking during pregnancy and after birth and mother–infant-bonding and maternal depressive symptoms in a longitudinal study. The overall level of repetitive negative thinking was a significant predictor of mother–infant bonding, maternal anxiety and rejection in dealing with her infant four months after birth. Furthermore, differences in the trajectory of repetitive negative thinking predicted bonding, but not anxiety or rejection. The overall levels of repetitive negative thinking as well as the differences in the trajectory of repetitive negative thinking were significant predictors of maternal depressive symptoms. These findings indicate that changes of repetitive negative thinking during and after pregnancy can increase the risk of postpartum depressive symptoms.
Objective:
To compare the short- and long-term effects of a structural-oriented (convential) with an activity-oriented physiotherapeutic treatment in patients with frozen shoulder.
Design:
Double-blinded, randomized, experimental study.
Setting:
Outpatient clinic.
Subjects:
We included patients diagnosed with a limited range of motion and pain in the shoulder region, who had received a prescription for physiotherapy treatment, without additional symptoms of dizziness, a case history of headaches, pain and/or limited range of motion in the cervical spine and/or temporomandibular joint.
Interventions:
The study group received treatment during the performance of activities. The comparison group was treated with manual therapy and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (conventional therapy). Both groups received 10 days of therapy, 30 minutes each day.
Main measures:
Range of motion, muscle function tests, McGill pain questionnaire and modified Upper Extremity Motor Activity Log were measured at baseline, after two weeks of intervention and after a three-month follow-up period without therapy.
Results:
A total of 66 patients were randomized into two groups: The activity-oriented group (n = 33, mean = 44 years, SD = 16 years) including 20 male (61%) and the structural-oriented group (n = 33, mean = 47 years, SD = 17 years) including 21 male (64%). The activity-oriented group revealed significantly greater improvements in the performance of daily life activities and functional and structural tests compared with the group treated with conventional therapy after 10 days of therapy and at the three-month follow-up (p < 0.05).
Conclusions:
Therapy based on performing activities seems to be more effective for pain reduction and the ability to perform daily life activities than conventional treatment methods.
What Leads to Lunch-How Social Practices Impact (Non-)Sustainable Food Consumption/Eating Habits
(2017)
Der Bereich der Ernährung wird in den kommenden Jahrzehnten mit zahlreichen Herausforderungen konfrontiert sein, die sich aus den globalen Konsummustern ergeben und zu einem hohen Ressourcenverbrauch führen. Die Akteure des Gaststättengewerbes sehen sich bei der Förderung ihrer Lösungen für eine nachhaltigere Situation in ihrem Bereich mit Schwierigkeiten konfrontiert, unter anderem mit der mangelnden Akzeptanz der Verbraucher. Wir müssen uns die Frage stellen, wie wir das Verbraucherverhalten beeinflussen und einen Übergang zu einem nachhaltigeren Lebensmittelkonsum herbeiführen können. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Bewertung von Ernährungsgewohnheiten vorgestellt. Eine Gruppe von zehn Verbrauchern nahm an problemzentrierten Interviews teil und machte Angaben zu ihrem Essverhalten im Laufe von zwei Wochen. Mit Hilfe des theoretischen Ansatzes der Praxistheorie wurden die in dieser Studie gesammelten Daten verwendet, um ein Verständnis der Praxis des Auswärtsessens zu entwickeln, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf den täglichen Routinen lag, die die Wahl der Verbraucher beeinflussen.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Praxis des Auswärtsessens in hohem Maße von externen Faktoren abhängt. Vielbeschäftigte Lebensstile, Mobilitätsroutinen und ein wahrgenommener Zeitmangel führen zu der Entscheidung, auswärts zu essen. Die Verbraucher tun dies bewusst, um Zeit und Mühe zu sparen und ihren Zeitplan zu straffen. Mobilität scheint ein wichtiger Grund für das Auswärtsessen zu sein. Die Teilnehmer versuchen, die Möglichkeiten, auswärts zu essen, einzuschränken, kehren aber häufig spontan zwischen zwei Terminen zum Essen ein. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Ernährungswissen und eine nachhaltige Denkweise wenig Einfluss auf die Essensentscheidungen außerhalb des Hauses haben: Die Teilnehmer zeigen ein hohes Maß an Misstrauen gegenüber Qualitätsansprüchen und stellen ihre gesundheitlichen Bedenken beim Essen außer Haus zurück. Daraus lässt sich schließen, dass das Auswärtsessen stark von den täglichen Routinen und den Praktiken, die ihm vorausgehen oder folgen, beeinflusst wird. Veränderungen der Arbeits- und Mobilitätsmuster werden sich höchstwahrscheinlich auf die Art und Weise auswirken, wie die Verbraucher außer Haus essen.
Introduction
Socioeconomic deprivation in high‐income industrialized countries is a key factor in poor perinatal outcomes. Limited access, utilization, and quality of antenatal care seem to play an important role in poor perinatal outcomes.
Methods
This integrative review aimed to explore experiences of antenatal care among women who are socioeconomically deprived in high‐income industrialized countries. A search was conducted using 5 databases for articles published from 2004 to 2014. Six qualitative and 3 quantitative articles were selected. These were systematically appraised for quality independently by 3 researchers. Relevant themes were identified and organized into categories.
Results
The disadvantages experienced in antenatal care by women who are socioeconomically deprived start before the first contact with health care services and are notable throughout the entire pregnancy. There is disparity in choice of medical or midwifery service provision models. Six categories emerged during review: choice of service provision model, feeling valued, various types of discrimination, structural and interpersonal accessibility, comprehensibility and trustworthiness of information, and engagement and sense of responsibility. Categories underscored the importance of the woman's relationship with the antenatal care provider.
Discussion
Antenatal care models with women‐centered approaches and continuity of care, such as midwifery models, have potential to increase the satisfaction of women with low socioeconomic status with care; this may increase antenatal care utilization and improve perinatal outcomes.
Information Technology (IT) continues to evolve and develop with electronic devices and systems becoming integral to healthcare in every country. This has led to an urgent need for all professions working in healthcare to be knowledgeable and skilled in informatics. The Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER) Initiative was established in 2006 in the United States to develop key areas of informatics in nursing. One of these was to integrate informatics competencies into nursing curricula and life-long learning. In 2009, TIGER developed an informatics competency framework which outlines numerous IT competencies required for professional practice and this work helped increase the emphasis of informatics in nursing education standards in the United States. In 2012, TIGER expanded to the international community to help synthesise informatics competencies for nurses and pool educational resources in health IT. This transition led to a new interprofessional, interdisciplinary approach, as health informatics education needs to expand to other clinical fields and beyond.
In tandem, a European Union (EU) - United States (US) Collaboration on eHealth began a strand of work which focuses on developing the IT skills of the health workforce to ensure technology can be adopted and applied in healthcare. One initiative within this is the EU*US eHealth Work Project, which started in 2016 and is mapping the current structure and gaps in health IT skills and training needs globally. It aims to increase educational opportunities by developing a model for open and scalable access to eHealth training programmes. With this renewed initiative to incorporate informatics into the education and training of nurses and other health professionals globally, it is time for educators, researchers, practitioners and policy makers to join in and ROAR with TIGER.