Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (1484) (remove)
Language
- German (1106)
- English (367)
- Portuguese (7)
- French (1)
- Multiple languages (1)
- Dutch (1)
- Russian (1)
Keywords
- Nachhaltigkeit (8)
- Logistik (6)
- Danube (4)
- Electroporation (4)
- Evaluation (4)
- Lemnaceae (4)
- Neurodynamik (4)
- Nutritional footprint (4)
- Physiotherapie (4)
- Sustainability (4)
Institute
Chitin is an abundant waste product from shrimp and mushroom industries and as such, an appropriate secondary feedstock for biotechnological processes. However, chitin is a crystalline substrate embedded in complex biological matrices, and, therefore, difficult to utilize, requiring an equally complex chitinolytic machinery. Following a bottom-up approach, we here describe the step-wise development of a mutualistic, non-competitive consortium in which a lysine-auxotrophic Escherichia coli substrate converter cleaves the chitin monomer N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) into glucosamine (GlcN) and acetate, but uses only acetate while leaving GlcN for growth of the lysine-secreting Corynebacterium glutamicum producer strain. We first engineered the substrate converter strain for growth on acetate but not GlcN, and the producer strain for growth on GlcN but not acetate. Growth of the two strains in co-culture in the presence of a mixture of GlcN and acetate was stabilized through lysine cross-feeding. Addition of recombinant chitinase to cleave chitin into GlcNAc2, chitin deacetylase to convert GlcNAc2 into GlcN2 and acetate, and glucosaminidase to cleave GlcN2 into GlcN supported growth of the two strains in co-culture in the presence of colloidal chitin as sole carbon source. Substrate converter strains secreting a chitinase or a β-1,4-glucosaminidase degraded chitin to GlcNAc2 or GlcN2 to GlcN, respectively, but required glucose for growth. In contrast, by cleaving GlcNAc into GlcN and acetate, a chitin deacetylase-expressing substrate converter enabled growth of the producer strain in co-culture with GlcNAc as sole carbon source, providing proof-of-principle for a fully integrated co-culture for the biotechnological utilization of chitin.
High levels of meat consumption are increasingly being criticised for ethical, environmental, and social reasons. Plant-based meat substitutes have been with reservations identified as healthy sources of protein in comparison to meat. This alternative offers several social, environmental, and probably health benefits, and it may play a role in reducing meat consumption. However, there has been a lack of research on how specific meat substitute attributes can influence consumers to replace or partially replace meat in their diets. Research has demonstrated that, in many countries, consumers are highly attached to meat. They consider it to be an essential and integral element of their daily diet. For the consumers that are not interested in vegan or vegetarian alternatives to meat, so-called meathybrids could be a low-threshold option for a more sustainable food consumption behaviour. In meathybrids, only a fraction of the meat product (e.g., 20% to 50%) is replaced with plant-based proteins. In this paper, the results of an online survey with 500 German consumers are presented with a focus on preferences and attitudes relating to meathyrids. The results show that more than fifty percent of consumers substitute meat at least occasionally. Thus, approximately half of the respondents reveal an eligible consumption behaviour with respect to sustainability and healthiness to a certain degree. Regarding the determinants of choosing either meathybrid or meat, it becomes evident that the highest effect is exerted by the health perception. The healthier meathybrids are perceived, the higher is the choice probability. Thus, this egoistic motive seems to outperform altruistic motives, like animal welfare or environmental concerns, when it comes to choice for this new product category.
Current discussions about the concept of nutritional sustainability show a high complexity of this topic leading to many different definitions. Regarding communication issues of nutritional sustainability between actors of food chains this complexity should be reduced. One opportunity to tackle these challenges of reducing complexity might be the concept of ingredient branding. Therefore, the aim of this mini-review is the identification of conditions for ingredient branding application as a communication strategy for nutritional sustainability which might overcome challenges in communicating the complexity between the different stakeholders of supply chains. In doing so, the specific case of agrifood chains is discussed based on the selected characteristics of globalization, increasing consumer demands, foods incorporating credence attributes and price. Along the agrifood chain, a sourcing strategy reflecting nutritional and sustainable aspects might lead to an ingredient branding strategy implying a brand policy for a special ingredient within the final product which is an important component but cannot be clearly recognized by the user. A “nutritional sustainability inside” strategy should reflect the multifaceted information along the agrifood chain and should be based on standardized criteria for nutritional sustainability.
Integration of nutritional and sustainable aspects is a complex task tackled by a few scientific concepts. They include multiple dimensions and functions of food systems trying to provide solutions for harmonic co-evolution of humanity and planet Earth. “Nutritional Sustainability” is differentiated from other concepts which combine nutrition and sustainability as it not only sets environmental sustaining capacity as a baseline level for balanced nutrition, but also aims for the search of food system driving nodes. It does not aim for the support of solutions of producing enough or more food for increasing population (sustainable nutrition), neither does it contradict other similar concepts [sustainable nutrition security, nutritional life cycle assessment (LCA)]. However, it calls for more definite estimation of the carrying capacity of the environment on personal, local, and national levels for the development of more efficient solutions of nutrition balanced in the limits of environmental carrying capacity. The review is providing a few examples of advances in nutritional science (personalized nutrition, nutrigenetics), food technology (personalized food processing, food ecodesign), and food complex systems (artificial intelligence and gut microbiome), which have a great potential to progress sustainable food systems with Nutritional Sustainability set as a guiding concept.
Functional foods are still of increasing interest among the scientific community. Based on the extensive literature about functional foods, four main research areas can be identified: functional food innovation (1); the scientific background of the health benefits of functional foods (2); the regulation of functional foods (3); and consumer acceptance of functional foods (4). These research areas are not detached from each other, and each presents a consumer perspective. Although multifaceted studies focus on consumer acceptance of functional foods, literature regarding a structured framework of the determinants of functional food acceptance is limited. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with an overview of the recent literature on consumer attitudes towards functional foods and with an extensive structured framework of the determinants of functional food acceptance and their intertwined relationships. The scientific literature discusses a plethora of determinants of consumer acceptance of functional foods. These determinants can be categorized into consumer and market attributes, which show interwoven relationships with each other. On the one hand, consumer attributes are widely discussed in the literature, while on the other hand structured analyses of the market perspective are inadequately represented. Additionally, the ongoing development of new scientific findings regarding health benefits of different functional ingredients leads to a large amount of new functional food products in the market. Consequently, the research area of functional foods and in particular consumer acceptance of functional food innovation will remain an important research field in the coming years.
Convergence processes are based on the activity of distinct industry sectors showing cross-industry collaborations. The aim of this paper is to analyze cross-industry collaborations between the food and pharmaceutical sectors in the convergence area of functional foods. Selected companies from food (Nestlé/Danone) and pharmaceutical (Martek/Bayer HealthCare) sectors are analyzed using the determinants of motivation and industrial scope. The analysis shows that food companies are more active in cross-industry collaborations than pharmaceutical companies. The latter are more active at the front-end of the value chain focusing on research and development, and delivering their ingredients to food companies that due to their higher expertise in consumer marketing launch the products. While the first cross-industry collaborations were based on an exploration motivation, those that follow focus on exploitation. Acquisitions and licensing agreements are dominant in inside-out and outside-in processes, whereas strategic alliances and joint ventures are based on a coupled process between the food and pharmaceutical sectors.
The aim of this paper is to advance the research on innovation at the pharma-nutrition interface by analysing the three steps of science, technology and market convergence in the area of probiotics using a life cycle perspective. Results from a bibliometric analysis drawing upon 8245 scientific publications, 2082 patents and 1357 news reports focussing on product launch announcements from 1990 up to 2009 indicate that the proposed curve shapes of the life cycles in the theory based framework can be transferred to the case of probiotics. There is a time shift considering the life cycles showing the same activities of the industrial sectors at different moments of time. The food sector dominates the field of probiotics by driving science, technology and market convergence showing earlier activities in scientific publications, patents as well as product launches, while presenting a higher clockspeed between the different life cycle phases. While the food sector dominates product launches for food products containing probiotics, the pharmaceutical sector dominates the product launches of the supplement market. In addition, a clear trend towards industry convergence can be identified by the growing number of cross-industry activities.
The relevance of cross-industry innovation has increased in recent decades with a growing number of inter-industry fields emerging on the borderline between formerly distinct industries. The aim of this paper is to analyse industry convergence in four probiotics innovation value chains based on the following indicators: cross-industry relationships along the innovation value chain as well as knowledge, technological, regulatory and competence convergence. In so doing, the study delivers a framework of indicators for scrutinising industry convergence processes. In order to identify industry convergence, we analyse companies in the converging area of foods and drugs based on products containing the four bacteria strains: Lactobacillus caseii DN 114001, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Hence, the commercial availability of the strains on the market serves as a selection criterion. Altogether 12 companies stemming from four industrial backgrounds, food and agriculture (5), pharmaceutics (5), chemistry (1) and personal care (1), as well as one research organisation are identified. Cross-industry relationships occur along the innovation value chains of the four strains. Clear signs of knowledge and technological convergence are found as companies are not only publishing and patenting in the usual area of their own industrial field but also in the area of other industrial fields. Companies with different industrial backgrounds show activities in obtaining health claims indicating regulatory convergence. Companies' competence bases seem to converge as companies with different industrial backgrounds are involved in acquisitions, licencing agreements and strategic alliances (competence convergence). We contribute to the existing body of literature by assessing industry convergence from an innovation value chain perspective with a set of indicators reflecting the intensity of industry convergence. This framework of indicators stemming from literature has not yet been used in a combined comprehensive analysis. Furthermore, we tried to show the characteristics of strategic types driving industry convergence in probiotics.
What determines ingredient awareness of consumers? : A study on ten functional food ingredients
(2014)
Given the importance of consumer awareness of functional food ingredients for healthy food choices, the aim of this study is to explore consumers’ ingredient awareness and the determinants which influence the awareness about functional food ingredients.
A sample of 200 German consumers was interviewed via CATI (computer aided telephone interview) during September 2011. The participants have been asked about their specific awareness regarding to ten functional food ingredients. Likewise, determinants like health status and health motivation have been assessed and their influence on the construct “consumers’ ingredient awareness” has been tested by employing structural equation modeling.
The study shows that consumers’ ingredient awareness varies throughout the sample. Overall it can be stated, that 19% of consumer awareness about functional food ingredients is explained through the described model based on the following predictors: age, educational level, health status, health motivation and information strategies. Among these factors, consumers’ health motivation seems to have the highest relevance to explain consumer awareness. But also the determinants information strategies as well as the education show a significant influence on consumers’ ingredient awareness. As health motivation shows the highest impact on consumers’ ingredient awareness this study underlines the importance of prevention propensity for healthy food choices.
In the past few years, studies have been carried out to record and analyse the consumer behaviour of manual dishwashing. Manual dishwashing in households is performed in many ways that influence the use of resources. Furthermore, knowledge has been gained on the basis of experiments on how to optimize the use of resources in manual dishwashing. Optimization here means achieving the best possible cleaning performance with a minimum input of resources. This experimental knowledge, combined with the experience of everyday life, was transferred into Best Practice Tips.
The aim of this study is to verify whether it is possible to save resources while applying these Best Practice Tips in comparison with the consumers' previous behaviour.
In a laboratory study, 53 consumers from Europe (23 Germans, 30 other Europeans) were asked to apply the Best Practice Tips while washing up 12 place settings of dishes. The data gained were compared with that of previous studies recording consumers' everyday behaviour while washing up the same amount of dishes. The sample consisted of 113 European consumers and the sample of the second study consisted of 60 Europeans.
On average, the 53 test participants applying the Best Practice Tips used around 60% less water, 70% less energy and 30% less detergent compared with the average everyday behaviour the other subjects used. Additionally, they achieved a slightly better cleaning result. An evaluation questionnaire showed that the Best Practice Tips were, in general, highly accepted; however, some concerns were given about their exact application in everyday life. Because of the wide variation of washing-up habits and resource consumption among individuals, the confidence intervals of the studies are rather large. The results should therefore be seen as tendencies on how resource savings are possible when people are trained how to optimize resources in manual dishwashing. Nevertheless, this study should be the basis for further ones in which the learning is verified in everyday life and over a longer period of time.
USA als Vorbild?
(2013)
Das Gesundheitswesen in den Vereinigten Staaten bekannt für Spitzenforschung und High-end-Medizin. Auch für das Krankenhausmanagement lohnt der Blick über den großen Teich. Unsere Autorin hat im Rahmen eines Forschungsaufenthalts in New York Interviews mit Geschäftsführern und Mitarbeitern an verschiedenen Kliniken geführt. Ergebnis: In puncto Kostenmanagement zeigt sich, dass die Ressourceneffizienz vergleichsweise wenig ausgeprägt ist, die Rahmenbedingungen für eine hohe Prozesseffizienz hingegen vielfach gegeben sind.
While developing traffic-based cognitive enhancement technology (CET), such as bike accident prevention systems, it can be challenging to test and evaluate them properly. After all, the real-world scenario could endanger the subjects’ health and safety. Therefore, a simulator is needed, preferably one that is realistic yet low cost. This paper introduces a way to use the video game Grand Theft Auto V (GTA V) and its sophisticated traffic system as a base to create such a simulator, allowing for the safe and realistic testing of dangerous traffic situations involving cyclists, cars, and trucks. The open world of GTA V, which can be explored on foot and via various vehicles, serves as an immersive stand-in for the real world. Custom modification scripts of the game give the researchers control over the experiment scenario and the output data to be evaluated. An off-the-shelf bicycle equipped with three sensors serves as a realistic input device for the subject’s movement direction and speed. The simulator was used to test two early-stage CET concepts enabling cyclists to sense dangerous traffic situations, such as trucks approaching from behind the cyclist. Thus, this paper also presents the user evaluation of the cycling simulator and the CET used by the subjects to sense dangerous traffic situations. With the knowledge of the first iteration of the user-centered design (UCD) process, this paper concludes by naming improvements for the cycling simulator and discussing further research directions for CET that enable users to sense dangerous situations better.
Evaporation from growing media significantly contributes to increasing the humidity in greenhouses. The effects of a pine bark mulch cover on substrate evaporation was evaluated with different pot experiments. The obtained data have been tested within the water balance model HYDRUS-1D, which was originally developed for mineral soils. Objective of this study was to test the performance of HYDRUS-1D to describe evaporation in plant containers and to evaluate the effect of pine bark as cover layer or layers within growing media. Application of pine bark in combination with peat substrate reduced evaporation up to 50% depending on position, thickness of mulch layer and water content of the substrate. The highest reduction in evaporation was measured in a dry substrate which is covered with 4 cm pine bark. The HYDRUS-1D model describes evaporation from growing media in combination with layers of pine bark correctly as long as hysteresis of the water retention curve and vapor flow is considered in the model.
Eine Woche vor Weihnachten 2008 startete die OMT-DVMT-Ausbildung 2008 – 2010 mit einem Kurswochenende und einer Supervision in München. Vor den 8 Studenten lagen 2 Jahre Ausbildung. Die Inhalte und die zu erbringenden Leistungen waren zwar bekannt, aber wie intensiv die Ausbildung sein sollte, zeigte sich erst im Laufe der Zeit. Da alle Teilnehmer im Berufsleben standen und durchaus auch ein Privatleben mit Kindern hatten, war die Fähigkeit zum Spagat zwischen der Weiterbildung und dem Rest des Lebens gefordert.
Langeweile kam nie auf, das Dozententeam lehrte und vertiefte übersichtlich wissenschaftliche und klinische Inhalte. Thomas Schöttker-Königer und Fiona Morrison referierten an mehreren Wochenenden über Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) und Statistik. Den Satz „Traue nur der Statistik, die du selber gefälscht hast”, kann mittlerweile jeder der Studenten gut nachvollziehen, zu viele Beispiele gibt es dazu in veröffentlichten Studien.
Ralf Schesser und Nina Gärtner-Tschacher vermittelten weiterführende und detaillierte Inhalte zum Schmerzmanagement und der Klassifikation von Rückenschmerzen. Abgerundet wurde die Ausbildung durch den ärztlichen Unterricht von Dr. Hans Knorr, einem Medical-Screening-Kurs von Debra Shirley von der University of Sydney und 4 intensiven Supervisionen, die Jan Herman van Minnen, Thomas Horre, Renate Wiesner, Trisha Davies-Knorr, Marc van Liebergen und John Langendoen-Sertel betreuten.
Ende Oktober fand dann die Abschlussprüfung in München statt. Die zu prüfenden Fächer Ärztlicher Unterricht, Verteidigung der Abschlussarbeit, Patientenbehandlung mit anschließender Diskussion und Technikprüfung verlangten den Studenten noch einmal hohe Konzentration und Geduld ab. Alle Prüfungen wurden am selben Tag von 8.00 bis 18.00 Uhr abgehalten. Schlussendlich konnte bei mehreren Gläsern alkoholhaltiger Erfrischungsgetränke ein überaus positives Resümee des mit Höhen und Tiefen gepflasterten Wegs zum OMT-Examen gezogen werden.
Die OMT-Ausbildung macht deutlich, wie wichtig und aktuell die Bedeutung der Verknüpfung von Wissenschaft und Klinik in der täglichen Arbeit ist. Sie sorgt für eine hochwertige Patientenversorgung und fördert die Qualität der Physiotherapie. Es ist zu hoffen, dass noch mehr Physiotherapeuten diesen Weg wählen und sich hochwertig weiterqualifizieren.
Naturentfremdung
(2018)
Kreditfinanzierungen im Krankenhauswesen werden u. a. aufgrund bestehender Investitionsstaus und aktueller Herausforderungen aus dem Umgang mit der COVID-19-Pandemie weiter an Bedeutung gewinnen. Der folgende Beitrag fasst die Ergebnisse einer Anfang 2019 veröffentlichten Dissertation zusammen: eine Bestandsaufnahme und Analyse der heutigen Finanzkommunikation zwischen Krankenhaus und Kreditinstitut, die bestehende Problemfelder und kritische Faktoren der Finanzkommunikation identifiziert und Handlungsempfehlungen für beide Parteien zur Verbesserung der Finanzkommunikation und zur Begegnung der Herausforderungen zukünftiger Kreditfinanzierungen ableitet.
Personalsicherung ist eine gesundheitspolitische und
krankenhausmanagementbezogene Aufgabe. Die Verbindung zwischen Politik und Management kann über geeignete externe, politische Rahmenbedingungen und interne, managementbezogene Struktur- und Steuerungsmaßnahmen hergestellt werden. Dabei stellt sich zur Zeit die Frage, inwieweit über Gesetze und Verordnungen Vorgaben zum Personalbedarf gemacht werden sollen. Aktuelle Diskussionen zum Spannungsfeld zwischen politischer Gestaltung und Freiräumen des Managements bis hin zur Frage, inwieweit der Personalbedarf in einem Preissystem adäquat abgebildet werden kann, bilden den Gegenstand dieses Beitrags.
Aims and Objectives:
Preventive home visits are a low-threshold counselling and support approach. They have been reported to achieve heterogeneous effects. However, preventive home visits have the potential to reduce the risk of becoming dependent on long-term care. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of preventive home visits as a nursing intervention on health-related quality of life of older people in a longitudinal survey and to develop recommendations for which target groups preventive home visits have the highest benefit. The sample consisted of 75 people, aged between 65 and 85, who were able to understand and speak German, had not yet been eligible for benefits from the long-term care insurance and lived in the municipality under study.
Methodological Design and Justification:
A quantitative longitudinal study in order to investigate the effects of preventive home visits.
Ethical Issues and Approval:
There were no ethical concerns. Accordingly, ethical approval was granted.
Research Methods, Results and Conclusions:
The health-related quality of life was recorded four times between 01/2017 and 08/2020 with the Short-Form- Health- Survey- 12 and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results reveal that the physical health status cannot be easily influenced over a short period of time. The main effect, however, is that preventive home visits have a significant positive effect on the mental health status. The main topics during the home visits were mobility, nutrition and social participation. Increased knowledge and motivation for preventive behaviour extended the autonomy of older people. Accordingly, preventive home visits can support a self-determined life in a familiar environment. The results of the present study show that preventive home visits as a nursing intervention in rural areas are successful. In Germany, preventive home visits have not yet been implemented on a regular basis. In order to do so, a general definition of the concept is needed. Preventive home visits should be officially included in the regular health care services in Germany.
Krankenhauskultur – eine Frage der Entscheidung : Warum gelebte Werte und Normen entscheidend sind
(2018)
Führung und Controlling : Ansatzpunkte zur Gestaltung der Beziehung von Manager und Controller
(2021)
Die Wirkkraft des Controllings setzt eine stabile, partnerschaftliche Zusammenarbeit von Manager und Controller voraus, die jedoch in der Praxis häufig nicht anzutreffen ist. Vielmehr ist die Arbeitsbeziehung durch unterschiedliche Positionen zum Führungsverständnis (Führung braucht Freiräume vs. Führung muss systematisiert und quantifiziert werden) und durch unterschiedliche Erwartungen an die Aufgabenerfüllung (Rollenbild des Controllers und des Managers) gekennzeichnet. Die unterschiedlichen Standpunkte und die daraus resultierenden dysfunktionalen Verhaltensweisen (z.B. Slack, Manipulation, Ressortegoismus) bzgl. des Controllings (z.B. keine Nachfrage nach oder Zurückhaltung von Informationen, Widerstand) führen zu Reibungsverlusten, denen entgegenzuwirken ist.
Je reibungsloser das Zusammenspiel von Management und Controlling, desto effektiver können die Entscheidungsprobleme des Krankenhausmanagements gelöst werden. In der Praxis treten allerdings regelmäßg Reibungsverluste in der Zusammenarbeit auf. Die Arbeitsbeziehung zwischen Controller und Manager ist häufig konfliktgeladen und wenig partnerschaftlich. Ursächlich für die negative Dynamik der Beziehung sind unterschiedliche Führungsentwürfe und Rollenbilder zum Controlling. Der Beitrag widmet sich den Anforderungen und der Struktur eines Controllings im Krankenhaus, das den Besonderheiten der Expertenorganisation gerecht werden kann.
Hintergrund
Sprunggelenksverletzungen (SGV) sind die häufigsten Verletzungen des muskuloskeletalen Systems. Neben Schmerz, Schwellung und Funktionseinschränkung werden Zusammenhänge zwischen einem Sprunggelenkstrauma und Veränderungen am Becken bzw. Sakroiliakalgelenk (SIG) diskutiert. In der vorliegenden Studie wird geprüft, ob Wechselwirkungen von SGV und Veränderungen am Becken bzw. SIG bestehen.
Material und Methoden
In dieser Querschnittsstudie ohne Verblindung wurden 18 Probanden mit SGV und 22 gesunde Probanden am Becken und SIG untersucht. Der Zustand nach der SGV wurde anhand des FAAM-G-Fragebogens ermittelt. Die Evaluation der Beckenposition erfolgte mit Photometrie. Dabei wurden die Referenzpunkte SIAS und SIPS zueinander verglichen. Am SIG erfolgten Schmerzprovokationstests, um Veränderungen am SIG zu ermitteln. Die in beiden Gruppen erhobenen Daten wurden statistisch ausgewertet und verglichen.
Ergebnisse
Der funktionelle Zustand der Sprunggelenke unterschied sich zwischen der Kontrollgruppe und der Experimentalgruppe signifikant. Die Unterschiede bei den photometrischen Ergebnissen waren für die Beckensymmetrie nicht signifikant (SIAS p = 0,426; SIPS p = 0,779). Hinsichtlich der Schmerzhaftigkeit des SIG zeigte sich ebenfalls kein signifikanter Unterschied (p = 0,477).
Schlussfolgerung
Es konnten keine Positionsveränderungen des Beckens infolge eines Sprunggelenktraumas beobachtet werden. Auch zeigten sich keine Assoziationen zwischen SGV und Becken- bzw. SIG-Position.
Vergleich der Effekte eines funktionellen Stabilisations- mit einem Standardtraining auf Schmerz, Funktion, Kinematik der unteren Extremität und des Rumpfes, Ausdauerfähigkeit der Rumpfmuskulatur und der Kraft der exzentrischen Kniegelenks- und Hüftmuskultur bei Frauen mit patellofemoralen Schmerzen.
Biomechanische Analysen sind in der Lage, menschliche Bewegungen valide und umfassend zu erfassen und auszuwerten. Neben den beiden großen Bereichen Kinetik und Kinematik bietet die Elektromyografie (EMG) eine zuverlässige Möglichkeit, die neuromuskuläre Aktivität zu analysieren. Mithilfe des EMG können neuromuskuläre Parameter erhoben werden, die präzise Aussagen beispielsweise zur inter- und intramuskulären Koordination, der Muskelfaserverteilung, des Ermüdungsverhaltens oder des Timings zulassen.
Für verlässliche Daten sind im klinischen Setting jedoch einige wichtige Faktoren zu berücksichtigen. Diese sind von großer Bedeutung und sollten vor einer Analyse beachtet werden. Daneben hängt ein effektiver Einsatz des EMG im klinischen Setting von der Integration in den Clinical-Reasoning-Prozess ab. Die jeweilige individuelle Patientensituation benötigt eine klare Fragestellung. Dazu kann auf ein Ebenenmodell aufgebaut werden, welches die biomechanischen Steuerungsgrößen in der klinischen Anwendung berücksichtigt.
Der Artikel stellt die physiologischen Grundlagen der Elektromyografie, die Einflüsse von Verletzungen auf die Muskelfaserzusammensetzung, die grundlegende Signalverarbeitung und Dateninterpretation, ein Ebenenmodell für die klinische Anwendung sowie Einsatzfelder in der Physiotherapie vor.
Das Forschungsprojekt „Dorfgemeinschaft 2.0“ hat zum Ziel, dem Bedürfnis der Bürger_innen nachzukommen, auch im Alter zu Hause wohnen bleiben zu können. Die Gesundheitsversorgung im ländlichen Raum steht im Mittelpunkt. Hierfür werden regional angepasste Lösungsstrategien anhand des Design Science Ansatzes entworfen und individuelle Wünsche und Bedarfe multiperspektivisch in den Blick genommen. Vier der so entstandenen Versorgungskonzepte werden als nutzerorientierte alltags und gesundheitsbezogene Ansätze vorgestellt. Zudem werden die angedachten Kommunikationsstrukturen und das Zusammenwirken der Konzepte als Versorgungsnetz auf dem virtuellen Dorfmarktplatz beschrieben.
Ziel des Beitrags ist die Identifikation von Problemen, Meta-Anforderungen und Designprinzipien für den Einsatz von Mixed und Virtual Reality Brillen zur Unterstützung nicht-ärztlichen Fachpersonals bei zahnmedizinischen Hausbesuchen. Im Rahmen von zwei Gruppendiskussionen und einem Experteninterview wurden zunächst mögliche Einsatzszenarien identifiziert. Anschließend wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken CINAHL, Business Source Premier und MEDLINE durchgeführt. In der gefundenen Literatur konnten 14 Probleme bei der Anwendung von Mixed und Virtual Reality Brillen identifiziert werden. Darauf basierend wurden 14 Meta-Anforderungen abgeleitet und in fünf Designprinzipien zusammengefasst. Abschließend wurden die Ergebnisse mit den Spezifikationen der Microsoft HoloLens 2 abgeglichen, um eine Eignung für die Unterstützung der geplanten Hausbesuche festzustellen. Zudem wurde ein Umsetzungskonzept skizziert. Die Ergebnisse dienen als wichtige Empfehlungen für die praxisnahe Umsetzung zukünftiger Konzepte bezüglich der Anwendung von Mixed und Virtual Reality Brillen im (zahn-)medizinischen Kontext. Die Literaturrecherche zeigt eine Forschungslücke im Bereich zahnmedizinischer Hausbesuche auf. Die Ergebnisse dieses Beitrags schaffen daher eine solide Basis für die zukünftige Forschung.