TY  - JOUR
U1  - Zeitschriftenartikel, wissenschaftlich - begutachtet (reviewed)
A1  - Petersen, Finn
A1  - Demann, Johannes
A1  - von Salzen, Jannis
A1  - Olfs, Hans-Werner
A1  - Westendarp, Heiner
A1  - Wolf, Petra
A1  - Appenroth, Klaus-Jürgen
A1  - Ulbrich, Andreas
T1  - Re-circulating indoor vertical farm : Technicalities of an automated duckweed biomass production system and protein feed product quality evaluation
JF  - Journal of Cleaner Production
N2  - Duckweeds are fast-growing and nutritious plants, which are gaining increased attention in different fields of application. Especially for animal nutrition, alternative protein sources are needed to substitute soybean meal. The current bottleneck is the standardized production of biomass, which yields stable quantities of a defined product quality. To solve this problem, an indoor vertical farm (IVF) for duckweed biomass production was developed. It consists of nine vertically stacked basins with a total production area of 25.5 m2. The nutrient solution, a modified N-medium, re-circulated within the IVF with a maximum flow rate of 10 L min−1. Nutrients were automatically added based on electrical conductivity. In contrast, ammonium was continuously supplied. A water temperature of 23 °C and a light intensity of 105 μmol m−2 s−1 with a photoperiod of 12:12 h were applied. During a 40-day production phase, a total of 35.6 kg of fresh duckweed biomass (equals 2.1 kg of dried product) was harvested from the IVF. On average, 0.9 kg day−1 of fresh biomass was produced. The dried product contained 32% crude protein (CP) and high levels of proteinogenic amino acids (e.g. lysine: 5.42 g, threonine: 3.85 g and leucine: 7.59 g/100 g CP). Biomass of this quality could be used as a protein feed alternative to soybean meal. The described IVF represents a modular model system for duckweed biomass production in a controlled environment and further innovations and upscaling processes.
KW  - Lemnaceae
KW  - Amino acid
KW  - Upscaling
KW  - Animal nutrition
KW  - Standardized production
KW  - Water lentils
Y1  - 2022
UN  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:959-opus-55450
SN  - 1879-1786
SS  - 1879-1786
SN  - 0959-6526
SS  - 0959-6526
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134894
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134894
VL  - 380
IS  - 1
SP  - 11
S1  - 11
ER  -